Makhalidwe ndi malo okhala mbuzi yamphongo
Mbuzi ya mphesa (Markhor) ndi wa gulu la artiodactyl la banja la bovid. Mtundu uwu wa mbuzi zamapiri udatchulidwa chifukwa cha mawonekedwe achilendo a nyanga, omwe mwa amuna amakhala osalala, akulu akulu kukula komanso opindika ngati chopota chowzungulira.
Ndizosangalatsanso kuti kutembenuka kwa nyanga kumakhala pafupifupi kofanana ndipo nyanga yakumanzere imapindidwa kumanzere, ndi nyanga yakumanja kumanja. Nyanga zamwamuna wokhwima zimafikira pafupifupi mita 1.5, mwa akazi ndizochepa kwambiri, zimangokhala 20-30 cm, koma kupindika kozungulira kumawonekera bwino.
Kutalika kwa thupi la munthu wamkulu kumatha kufikira mamita awiri, osapitilira, kutalika kwa kufota ndi 85-90 masentimita, kulemera kwake kwa nyama sikupitilira 95 kg, monga lamulo, mkazi wamkulu amakhala wocheperapo wamwamuna mzonse.
Mbuzi zamphongo, kutengera nyengo, khalani ndi utoto wosiyana ndi makulidwe a tsitsi. M'nyengo yozizira, amatha kukhala ofiira ofiira, otuwa imvi kapena pafupifupi oyera, ndi malaya amkati olemera aubweya wautali ndi wandiweyani.
Pachifuwa ndi m'khosi, mame (ndevu) a tsitsi lalitali lakuda, lomwe limakhala lolimba m'nyengo yozizira. M'chilimwe, mutha kupeza mtundu wofiyira wonyezimira wokhala ndi tsitsi lalifupi komanso locheperako, lomwe mutu wake ndi wakuda pang'ono kuposa utoto waukulu ndi mimba yotuwa yoyera.
Khosi ndi chifuwa chambuzi yokutidwa ndi tsitsi lalitali la mthunzi woyera ndi tsitsi lalitali kutsogolo. Markhurs amakhala pamapiri otsetsereka a mapiri, matanthwe komanso miyala, nthawi zina amafika mpaka mamitala 3500.
Nyama yolimba komanso yosachedwa kugunda -Chithunzi cha mbuzi chanyanga zomwe zimaperekedwa pamalowo, zimatha kukwera mosavuta komanso mwachangu phompho posaka zomera. Amapezeka m'mapiri a East Pakistan, North-West India, Afghanistan, makamaka kumapiri a Turkmenistan komanso pamtunda wa Babadag ku Tajikistan.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa mbuzi yaminyanga
Ndi chiweto choweta, ndipo kuchuluka kwa ziweto zake kumadalira nyengo. Mwachitsanzo, mchilimwe, akazi okhala ndi ana ang'onoang'ono, owerengeka kuyambira 3 mpaka 12 payokha, amakhala osiyana ndi amuna.
Koma nthawi yophukira komanso nthawi yozizira, pomwe chimayamba, mbuzi yamphongo yopsereka kulowa gulu lalikulu. Zaka zingapo zapitazo, kuchuluka kwa mbuzi zamtunduwu kunkawonedwa ndi ziweto za anthu pafupifupi 100, koma tsopano, chodabwitsachi ndichosowa.
Pakadali pano, mutha kupeza ziweto zokhala ndi nyama 15-20, momwe 6-10% yokha ndi amuna akulu. Izi ndichifukwa choti amafa ali aang'ono kwambiri nthawi zambiri kuposa akazi.
Nthawi zonse, amuna ndiamene amachita nkhanza kwambiri ndipo akakumana, amalimbana okhaokha. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika m'mphepete mwa matanthwe ndi zigwembe, zomwe zitha kusokoneza moyo wa nyama.
Ngakhale mbuzi yamapiri imatha kukwera ndikutsika miyala, nthawi zina zotsatira za nkhondo, imodzi mwa izo, zimakhala zomvetsa chisoni. Kusaka,kumene kumakhala mbuzi yamanyanga, ndizoletsedwa konsekonse, koma, mwatsoka, milandu yokhudza kupha nyama mwachizolowezi siachilendo, chifukwa ma markhur amatha kupita kumalo odyetserako usiku, ndipo masana amatha kukwera mapiri.
Komwe kuli anthu kumadalirambuzi yakukhala ndi buluu ikuyenda bwanji, ndikupanga kusunthika kowongoka kwa nyengo. Mwachitsanzo, nthawi yotentha a Markhoras amapita kumapiri ambiri, ndipo nthawi yozizira, chifukwa chovuta kupeza chakudya ndi chipale chofewa, amatsikira pansi ngati izi sizingawaike pangozi.
Nthawi yozizira, mbuzi zamapiri zimagwira ntchito tsiku lonse, koma zimadyetsa m'mawa ndi madzulo, ndipo nthawi yotentha amayesa kubisala mumthunzi wamatanthwe kapena tchire. Gawo lowala kwambiri tsikulo scythe mbuzi zimawononga m'malo otseguka, koma pomwe kudayamba kulowa, pobisalira nyengo ndi adani, amalowa m'matanthwe.
Chakudya
Markhoras amapita kumalo odyetserako ziweto kawiri patsiku, m'mawa ndi madzulo. M'ngululu ndi chilimwe, pakakhala zomera zokwanira, Markhorses amakonda chakudya musamadye chakudya chokhwima zokha (chimanga, mphukira zokoma, ma sedges, masamba a rhubarb), koma mphukira ndi masamba a mitengo yaying'ono ndi zitsamba.
Nyama zimadya zomera zomwezo zouma nthawi yophukira, nthawi yozizira komanso koyambirira kwamasika. Koma mapiri ataphimbidwa ndi chipale chofewa, makamaka maamondi, honeysuckle, mapulo a ku Turkestan, singano zapaini zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya.
Pamwamba m'mapirikumene kumakhala mbuzi yamanyanga, zomerazo ndizochepa, motero ma markhurs amakakamizidwa kutsikira kuchigwa. Pambuyo povutikira kotere, makungwa a mitengo amavutika, omwe amawadya mofunitsitsa, potero amateteza kuteteza ndi kukonzanso nkhalango.
Koma chokoma kwambiri pa mbuzi zamanyanga ndi thundu wobiriwira nthawi zonse, womwe umakhala ndi masamba obiriwira nthawi yachilimwe komanso mitengo yamtengo wapatali m'nyengo yozizira. Mitsinje yam'mapiri ndi mitsinje, madamu opangidwa chifukwa chakusungunuka kwa chipale chofewa kapena mvula amakhala ngati malo awo.
Mbuzi yamphongo nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito malo omwewo othirira, nthawi yozizira imabwera kawiri - m'mawa ndi pafupi kulowa, ndipo nthawi yotentha imatha kukaona posungira nkhomaliro ngakhale masana. M'nyengo yozizira, a Markhora mofunitsitsa amadya chipale chofewa.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Pakati pa Novembala ndi Disembala, kuchuluka kwa mbuzi zaminyanga Rut imayamba, momwe amuna opitilira zaka zitatu amatenga nawo mbali. Mtundu wa ndewu umakonzedwa pakati pa mbuzi chifukwa cha zazikazi, chifukwa chake magulu a harem amapangidwa, omwe amakhala ndi anthu okhwima 6-7.
Mbuzi yazimayi Markhor imabereka ana kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, ndipo kuyambira kumapeto kwa Epulo mpaka koyambirira kwa Meyi, imabereka mwana mmodzi kapena awiri, omwe tsiku lililonse amatha kumutsata kulikonse.
Pambuyo pa sabata, mwana wamwamuna amayamba kuyesa mphukira zazing'ono ndi udzu wokoma, koma kuyamwa mkaka kumatha mpaka nthawi yophukira. Amuna achimuna amakula msinkhu wachiwiri chaka chachiwiri chamoyo, akazi - pafupifupi chaka chotsatira.
Koma, mwatsoka, si ana onse omwe amakhala ndi moyo, atakhala ndi miyezi ingapo atabadwa, opitilira theka lake amatha kufa. Kutalika kwa moyo wa mbuzi yotentha sichimafikira zaka 10, samwalira chifukwa cha ukalamba, ndipo nthawi zambiri amafa ndi manja a anthu, ziwombankhanga, njala ndi ziphuphu m'nyengo yozizira.
Kupita ku InternationalMbuzi yamphongo yofiira Wotchulidwa ngati nyama yosowa, kuchuluka kwake kukucheperachepera, ndipo ntchito ya anthu ndikuteteza kuti isafe.
