Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a skunk
Chikopa ali m'gulu la nyama zoyamwitsa. Sangakwere mitengo. Nyama izi zimangoyenda pansi. Skunk imasiyanitsidwa ndi kayendedwe kake.
Kuti apange gawo lophiphiritsira, amafunika kupindika kumbuyo, kutenga mchira wake pambali ndikudumpha kwakanthawi. Miyendo inayi, motero, imayenda ndikudumpha.
Akatswiri amagawa zikopa m'magulu anayi:
— Skunk yamizere... Kulemera kwake ndi 1.2-5.3 kg.
— Chikopa chowala... Mtundu uwu ndi wamfupi. Kulemera kwa munthu wamkulu ndi 0,2-1 kg.
— Chikopa cha nkhumba... Zinyama zazikulu kwambiri. Kulemera ukufika 4.5 makilogalamu.
— Skunk yonyansa.
Skunk amadziwika ndi fungo lake losasangalatsa, lonunkhira. Kuyankha koyamba kwa ana "fu skunk". Makatuni amakokomeza kununkhiza kwake. Gwero la kununkha uku lili pansi pa mchira wake. Gland yapadera imatulutsa madzi omwe ali ndi fungo lamphamvu.
Izi ndi njira zachilendo zodzitetezera ku zolusa. Ikakumana ndi zoopsa, nyama imafulatira msana, imakweza mchira wake ndikupopera msuzi wonunkha. Ndege zamadzi zimagunda ma 1-6 mita. Fungo ndilopitilira kotero kuti chinthu choviikidwa mmenemo chitha kuwonetsedwa kwathunthu ku zotsukira.
Kununkha kwa kanyimbi akhoza kutulutsa utsi wapadera. Kudzitchinjiriza kwake kumabwezeretsedwa mkati mwa masiku 10. Nthawi yonseyi alibe chitetezo. Chinyama chomwe chakhudzidwa ndi kanyimbi sichiyandikiranso, ndipo utoto wake wowala umakuthandizani kukumbukira ngoziyo.
Ubweya wakunyumba amayamikiridwa kwambiri. Koma kununkhira kwa ubweya ndiye chifukwa chachikulu chomwe sichimapezeka pamsika. Mtundu wa zolusa izi ndi wowala. Pamaso akuda, mikwingwirima iwiri yoyera m'mbali kapena mawanga. Ndi mzere wina woyera pamphuno pakati pa maso.
Mchirawo ndiwotchi komanso wautali ndi mikwingwirima yoyera ndi yakuda. Kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 17.3-30.7. Thupi la skunk ndi lamphamvu. Paws ndi ochepa, koma ndi misomali yayikulu. Amuna ndi akulu kuposa 10% azimayi. Kunja, chinyama chimakhala chokongola kwambiri, kotero pali ambiri kunyumba zithunzi za skunk.
Malo okhalamo
Zinyalala zimakhala makamaka m'malo athyathyathya. Nyama imakonda kusasuntha mtunda wopitilira mita zitatu kuchokera kumadzi. Dziko lakwawo limakhulupirira kuti ndi United States komanso kumwera kwa Canada.
Zinyama zakunyama sapezeka ku Alaska ndi ku Hawaii. Nyamayi ikufalikira m'maiko monga Mexico, Nicaragua ndi El Salvador, Argentina, Guatemala ndi Costa Rica, Bolivia, Paraguay, Peru ndi Belize, Chile.
Nyama ili ndi malo okhala osaposa ma 1800 mita pamwamba pamadzi. Mitundu ina imakwera mpaka 4000 metres. Skunk amakhala m'nkhalango kapena m'mapiri, pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu.
Zitsamba, malo otsetsereka amiyala ndi m'mbali mwa mitsinje ndi malo omwe amakonda kwambiri nyamazi. M'nyengo yozizira, nyamayo imabisala. Zisanachitike, amakonza nyumba zawo posonkhanitsa masamba ndi udzu wouma.
Malo ogona ayenera kukhala owuma komanso osawonekera kwa ena. Mu Disembala, pomwe nyengo yozizira idayamba, minke imagona. Bowo nthawi zambiri amasankhidwa ndi kanyimbi yemwe amakumbidwa kale ndi winawake. Khola la nkhandwe kapena chopanda kanthu mu zitsa zowuma zitha kukhala zabwino panyumba. Akazi amagona ndi ana, ndipo amuna mosiyana. Malo oyandikana nawo salekerera. Nyamazo zimadzuka kumapeto kwa Marichi.
Ku Italy, Germany, Great Britain, Netherlands ndi USA, anamgumi a minke amasungidwa ngati chiweto. Koma m'maiko ena kanyumba kanyumba chosowa kwambiri. Lamuloli limateteza zinyama izi ku malonda osaloledwa. Kololedwa, skunk ingagulidwe kuchokera kumalo osungira nyama kapena kumafamu aubweya komwe kumatulutsa zonunkhira.
Kusamalira nyama yotere ndikosavuta. Skunk ku Russia ndiokwera mtengo kwambiri, chifukwa kulibe nazale. Amachokera ku America. Koma chikhumbo chokhala nawo kunyumba chikufalikira ku Asia. Mutha kuyembekezera kuti mtsogolomo wina adzawayika kuti adzawagulitse. Chithunzi chakunyumba ndipo eni ake amalankhula za kuphatikiza kwabwino kwa nyamazi kunyumba.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Nthawi yokwatirana imagwa nthawi yophukira. Mwa amuna, umuna umawonekera mu Marichi, izi zimawoneka m'matumbo okulitsidwa. Pofika Seputembala, amakula mpaka kukula kwambiri. Kanyimbi ndi wokonzeka kukwatirana. Kupanga umuna kumaima mu Okutobala.
Mwa akazi, kutha msinkhu kumachitika chaka chimodzi mutabadwa. The techka imapezeka mu Seputembala, koma amuna amaloledwa okha kumayambiriro kwa Okutobala. Mitengo ya mitala imakwatirana ndi akazi angapo. Samatenga gawo lililonse posamalira anawo.
Kutalika kwa mimba ndi masiku 28-31. Mwa zinyama izi, ngati kuli kofunikira, pakhoza kukhala kuchedwa pakumamatira kwa mluza ku khoma lachiberekero. Chodabwitsa ichi chimatchedwa embryonic diapause. Zikatero, mimba imafikira masiku 63.
Kuchokera pa 3 mpaka 10 ana amawonekera. Nthawi zambiri, anthu 5-6. Zisoti zazing'ono zimawoneka mu Marichi kapena Meyi. Ana obadwa kumene amalemera magalamu 22.5. Amabadwa osamva komanso osaona. Mwa makanda, khungu limawoneka ngati lofewa. Mtundu wake ndi wofanana ndi wa zikopa zazikulu.
Pambuyo pa masabata awiri, anawo amawona bwino, ndipo pakatha milungu inayi amatha kutenga chithunzi chodzitchinjiriza. Adzatha kuwombera madzi onunkhira kwa masiku 40-46. Mkazi amadyetsa ana ake kwa milungu 6-7. Amayamba kudya okha pakatha miyezi iwiri. Nyengo yoyamba yozizira, banja limakhala limodzi, ma skunks otsatirawa akufuna malo oti azibisalira paokha.
Skunk amakhala mu ukapolo mpaka zaka 10, koma mwachilengedwe chiwerengerochi ndi chocheperako. Pafupifupi zaka zitatu zokha. Kusiyana kumeneku kumadza chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa anthu akufa. Zomwe zimayambitsa ndimatenda, misewu yayikulu komanso nyama zolusa. Amasakidwa ndi akadzidzi, zimbalangondo, nkhandwe, mphalapala, mbira ndi nkhumba. Pafupifupi 90% ya achinyamata sangakhale ndi moyo nthawi yawo yozizira yoyamba.
Chakudya
Kanyimbi sadziwa kugwira mwamphamvu kapena nyama yayikulu, chifukwa alibe kuthekera kofunikira. Chifukwa chake, chakudya chake chimaphatikizapo makoswe ang'onoang'ono, abuluzi, achule. Zikachitika, amatha kuukira akalulu osowa thandizo.
Imadyetsanso zovunda. Zakudya za nyama yoyamwitsa ndizosiyanasiyana. M'chilimwe, amatha kudya zipatso ndi zipatso zamtchire, komanso mbewu ndi udzu. Menyu imadalira nyengo. M'nyengo yozizira, ndi nyama, komanso ndikutentha kwa zomera.
Kwenikweni, chilombocho chimapita kukasaka usiku. Maso ake amakhala ofooka masana, choncho usiku amagwiritsa ntchito makutu ake ndi kununkhiza kwake. Ndi mphuno ndi zikhomo, kanyamaka amakumba pansi pofunafuna tizilombo. Amatembenuza makungwa ogwa ndi miyala posaka abuluzi.
Kwa makoswe ang'onoang'ono, kanyama kameneka kamatambasula, kudikirira, kenako ndikudumphadumpha ndikugwira nyama zake ndi mawoko ake. Njira zofananira posaka ziwala ndi kafadala. Pakadali pano, amapondereza tizilombo tija pansi.
Nyama zina zimagudubuzika pansi kuti zichotse, mwachitsanzo, khungu lakupha la tozi kapena kuchotsa villi waminga pamphalabungu. Kuti apewe kugwidwa ndi kanyimbi, amadya pomwepo. Mu ndowe zake, iye nthawi agwire coprophage. Nyama izi zimakonda uchi. Koma akakumana ndi mng'oma, udya chilichonse komanso zisa ndi njuchi ndi uchi.
Mbola ya njuchi siimupweteketsa, ndipo chovalacho, chokhotakhota chimamuteteza kuti asalumidwe. Malo ofooka amangokhala pakamwa. Mazira amathandizanso. Kuti aphwanye, kanyimbi amawaponyera pansi pawo, ndikuyembekeza kuti dzira likapunthwa pachinthu cholimba ndikuphwanya. Kunyumba kudyetsa skunk pakufunika ngati galu.
Amafuna zakudya zotere: osati zokometsera, osati zamchere, osati zotsekemera, osati zonenepa. Mutha kupereka ndiwo zamasamba ndi zipatso; menyu awo ayenera kukhala osachepera 50%. Kuchokera ku mapuloteni, perekani nsomba yophika kapena nkhuku. Dzira, mpunga, mapira ndi mbewu zina mu zakudya ziyenera kukhala nthawi zonse. Monga nyama zonse zinyumbu zimadya zachilengedwe zokha.
Zosungitsa ndi poizoni kwa iwo. Muulimi, akubweretsa phindu lalikulu, kudya makoswe ndi tizilombo tomwe timavulaza mbewuyo. Nthawi zambiri, nyama zamtunduwu zimatha kudya kaloti kapena beets m'munda.
