Chipembere cha Sumatran Ndi nyama yakale kwambiri. Lero, sizovuta kuzipeza m'malo ake achilengedwe, chifukwa mtunduwu watsala pang'ono kutha. Chiwerengero chenicheni chimakhala chovuta kwambiri kwa akatswiri a zinyama kudziwa, popeza nyama zimakhala zobisika, zokhazokha komanso malo awo amakhala otakata kwambiri. Ndi mtundu uwu womwe umadziwika kuti ndi wocheperako pakati pa onse omwe alipo padziko lapansi, komanso yekhayo padziko lapansi yemwe ali ndi nyanga ziwiri.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Chipembere cha Sumatran
Chipembere cha Sumatran ndi nyama yovuta. Ndi woimira gulu lazinyama, dongosolo la ma equids, banja la chipembere, mtundu ndi mitundu ya zipembere za Sumatran. Amadziwika kuti ndi nyama yakale kwambiri. Malinga ndi kumaliza kwa asayansi, ndi omwe akuyimira mitundu iyi omwe ndi mbadwa za chipembere chaubweya chomwe chidamwalira zaka pafupifupi 10 miliyoni zapitazo, zomwe zimakhala ku Eurasia konse.
Kanema: Chipembere cha Sumatran
Mitundu yomwe nyamayi ili nayo imatchedwa Dicerorhinus. Kumasuliridwa kuchokera ku Chigriki, dzinalo limatanthauza nyanga ziwiri. Zipembere za Sumatran zidasiyanitsidwa ndi ma equid ena nthawi yoyamba ya Eocene. Kafukufuku wa DNA ya chinyama ichi adanenanso kuti makolo amtunduwu adasiyana ndi makolo akutali a banja la equine pafupifupi zaka 50 miliyoni zapitazo.
Chosangalatsa: Zakale zakale kwambiri zomwe ndizoyimira zamtunduwu zikuwonetsa kuti nyama zidalipo zaka 17-24 miliyoni zapitazo. Asayansi sanagwirizane ndipo sanathe kupanga chithunzi chokwanira cha chipembere.
Pankhaniyi, pali malingaliro angapo pakusintha kwanyama. Woyamba akunena za ubale wapamtima ndi mitundu ya zipembere zaku Africa, komwe adalandira cholowacho. Lachiwiri likunena za ubale ndi Amwenye, zomwe zimatsimikiziridwa ndi mphambano ya malo okhala zamoyozo. Lingaliro lachitatu silimatsimikizira chilichonse cham'mbuyomu ndipo limazikidwa pazotsatira zoyesedwa za majini. Amanenanso kuti mitundu yonse yomwe ili pamwambayi ndiyosiyana ndipo siili yogwirizana.
Pambuyo pake, asayansi apeza ubale wapakati pa Sumatran ndi zipembere zaubweya. Iwo adawonekera pa Upper Pleistocene ndipo adazimiririka pafupifupi zaka 10 miliyoni zapitazo.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Chipembere cha Sumatran mwachilengedwe
Zipembere za ku Sumatran ndi zipembere zazing'ono kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Zinthu zazikuluzikulu pakuwonekera: Kutalika kwa thupi kukufota mwa anthu osiyanasiyana kumatha kuyambira masentimita 115 mpaka 150. Chipembere choterechi chimadziwika ndi mawonekedwe azikhalidwe zakugonana. Zazikazi ndizocheperako poyerekeza ndi zamphongo, ndipo thupi lawo limachepa. Kutalika kwa thupi kumayambira masentimita 240 mpaka 320. Kulemera kwa munthu wamkulu ndi makilogalamu 900-2000. Kukula kwapakati kumalemera makilogalamu 1000-1300.
Chipembere cha Sumatran chili ndi nyanga ziwiri. Nyanga yakutsogolo kapena yammphuno imafika mainchesi 15-30 kutalika. Nyanga yakumbuyo ndiyocheperako kuposa nyanga yakutsogolo. Kutalika kwake sikumangodutsa masentimita 10. Nyanga zazimuna nthawi zonse zimakhala zazitali komanso zowirira kuposa za akazi.
Chosangalatsa: Munthu wokhala ndi nyanga yam'mphuno adalembedwa m'mbiri, kutalika kwake kunali masentimita 81. Uwu ndiye umboni wathunthu.
Thupi la chipembere ndi lamphamvu, lalikulu, lotuluka kwambiri. Kuphatikizana ndi miyendo yayifupi, yayitali, chithunzi cha kusakhazikika komanso kusakhazikika chimapangidwa. Komabe, izi sizili choncho konse. Thupi la nyama limakutidwa ndi khola lomwe limayambira kukhosi kupyola mmbali mpaka kumiyendo yakumbuyo. Oimira mitundu iyi, makutu amkhungu sadziwika kwenikweni. Zipembere zimatha kukhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana mthupi mosiyanasiyana. Akuluakulu ndi otuwa.
Ana amabadwa akuda. Thupi lawo limakutidwa ndi tsitsi lakuda lakuda lakuda, lomwe limatuluka ndikamakula ndikuwala. Mutu wa chipembere ndi wokulirapo, wopingasa. Pamwamba pamutu pali makutu oblong, pamalangizo ake omwe amatchedwa "ngayaye". Ndendende omwewo ali kumapeto kwa mchira.
Kodi chipembere cha Sumatran chimakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Sumatran Rhinoceros wochokera ku Red Book
Malo achilengedwe a zipembere ndi akulu kwambiri. Komabe, lero kuchuluka kwa nyama izi kwatsika pang'ono, motsatana, ndipo malo awo akuchepa kwambiri. Nyama zimapezeka m'malo otsika, madambo, madera otentha a nkhalango, kapena ngakhale m'mapiri okwera 2000 - 2500 mita pamwamba pa nyanja. Amamva bwino kwambiri kumapiri, komwe kuli madzi ambiri, omwe ndi ofunika kwa iwo.
Madera akutali a zipembere za Sumatran:
- Chilumba cha Malay;
- Sumatra;
- Kilimantana.
Akatswiri ena amati ku Burma kuli zipembere. Komabe, kafukufuku wotsimikizira kapena kutsutsa lingaliro ili salola miyoyo yadziko lapansi. Zipembere zimakonda kusamba komanso kusambira m'madambo. Amakondanso nkhalango zam'malo otentha okhala ndi masamba ambiri otsika.
Malo awo onse amagawika m'mabwalo, lirilonse limakhala la munthu payekha kapena awiri. Masiku ano zipembere za Sumatran ndizosowa m'malo awo achilengedwe. Amasungidwa ku Cincinnati Zoo of America ku Ohio, Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, Kerinsi Seblat, Gunung Loser.
Kodi chipembere cha Sumatran chimadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Zipembere za Sumatran
Zakudya za chipembere ndi zakudya zamasamba. Wamkulu m'modzi amafunika makilogalamu 50-70 amadyera patsiku, kutengera kulemera kwa thupi. Nyama izi zimagwira ntchito kwambiri m'mawa, m'mawa, kapena kumapeto kwa tsiku, ndikulowa kwa mdima, akamapita kukafunafuna chakudya.
Kodi maziko azakudya za chipembere cha Sumatran ndi chiyani?
- mphukira zazing'ono;
- mphukira zitsamba, mitengo;
- udzu wobiriwira;
- masamba;
- makungwa a mitengo;
- mbewu;
- mango;
- nthochi;
- nkhuyu.
Zakudya za nyama zimatha kukhala ndi mitundu 100 yaudzu. Ambiri ndi euphorbia zomera, madder, melastoma. Zipembere zimakonda mbande zazing'ono zamitengo ndi zitsamba, zomwe m'mimba mwake zimakhala kuyambira 2 mpaka 5 sentimita. Masamba amaonanso kuti ndi chakudya chokoma kwambiri. Kuti apeze, nthawi zina nyama zodyetserako ziweto zimatsamira pamtengowo ndi misa yawo yonse kuti zitole ndi kuthyola masamba.
Chifukwa chakuti mitundu ina ya zomera zofunikira pamoyo ndi kukhalapo kwa nyama kumadera ena zimera pang'ono, nyama zimasintha zakudya zawo kapena zimasamukira kumadera ena kukafunafuna chakudya. Kuti nyama yayikulu chonchi ipezeke mwachizolowezi, imafunikira fiber yokwanira ndi mapuloteni.
Mchere ndi wofunikira kwa nyama izi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake amafuna kunyambita kwa mchere kapena magwero amadzi okhala ndi mchere wokwanira. Osati malo omaliza pachakudyacho amakhala ndi mitundu yazomera yomwe imadzaza thupi la nyama ndi michere yosiyanasiyana.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Chipembere cha Sumatran
Zipembere za Sumatran zimakonda kukhala zokha. Nthawi zambiri, nyama zimakhala zokha, nthawi zambiri sizikhala awiriawiri. Nthawi zambiri mumatha kupeza akazi achikulire ndi ana awo. Mwachilengedwe, zitsamba zoterezi ndizabwino komanso zili chete, ngakhale zili zamanyazi komanso osamala. Kuyambira chibadwire, nyama sizinachite bwino.
Ngakhale izi ndi zazikulu kukula, ndizoseweretsa komanso othamanga nyama. Amatha kuyenda mosavuta kudutsa m'nkhalango, amathamanga kwambiri, amadutsa m'mapiri ndi malo amapiri, komanso amatha kusambira. Malo okhala zipembere amagawidwa pamagawo ena, omwe ndi osiyana anthu kapena awiriawiri. Aliyense amalemba gawo lake mothandizidwa ndi ndowe ndikuthira nthaka ndi ziboda zake. Pafupifupi, malo okhala amuna amodzi amafikira 40-50 mita mita. makilomita, ndipo mkazi sali oposa 25.
Nyengo youma, nyama zimakonda kukhala m'malo otsika, nyengo yamvula ikayamba amakwera mapiri. Masana, zipembere sizigwira ntchito. Amakonda kubisala m'nkhalango. Pofika madzulo ndi m'mawa, ntchito yayikulu yazitsamba imadziwika, chifukwa ndi nthawi yanthawi yomwe amapita kukafunafuna chakudya. Zipembere za ku Sumatran, monga ena onse, zimakonda kusamba matope. Anthu ena amatha kukhala gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a tsiku pochita izi. Malo osambira mumatope amateteza thupi la nyama ku tizilombo ndipo amathandizira kupirira kutentha kwa chilimwe.
Zipembere nthawi zambiri zimadzikumbira dzenje lakusamba matope pafupi ndi malo opumira. Zipembere sizimakonda kuwonetsa abale awo. Ngati ndi kotheka kuteteza gawo lawo, nthawi zina amatha kumenya, kuluma.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Sumatran Rhino Cub
Nthawi yotha msinkhu imayamba mwa akazi zikafika zaka 5-7. Amuna amayamba kukhwima pambuyo pake - ali ndi zaka 9-10. Mkazi mmodzi wokhwima pogonana sangabereke mwana woposa mmodzi. Kubereka sikuchitika kangapo kamodzi pachaka chilichonse cha 4-6. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti kubereka kumachitika mwachilengedwe. Mu ukapolo, iwo kawirikawiri zimaswana. M'mbiri yonse yakukhalapo, ndi zochepa chabe zobadwa za ana zomwe zafotokozedwa.
Zazikazi zomwe zakonzeka kukwerana zimayamba kupopera mkodzo wawo mozungulira ndi mchira wawo. Amuna akangomva fungo lake, amamutsatira. Munthawi imeneyi, amawonetsa kukwiya komanso kupsa mtima, ndipo ndibwino kuti asayende m'njira zawo. Anthu omwe si amuna kapena akazi anzawo akakumana, amveketsa mawu kwambiri. Nyama zimatha kununkhirana kwa nthawi yayitali ndikukhudza mbali zawo ndi nyanga zawo. Nthawi zina, nyama zitha kumenyanirana kwambiri.
Mimba imatenga miyezi 15-16. Kulemera kwa mwana wakhanda ndi makilogalamu 20-30. Kutalika pakufota sikupitilira masentimita 65. Mwanayo alibe nyanga; m'malo mwake, ali ndi bampu lomwe lili masentimita 2-3 kukula kwake. Mwana wakhanda amaphimbidwa ndi tsitsi lakuda, lomwe pang'onopang'ono limanyezimira ndikutuluka ndikamakula. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti ana amabadwa amphamvu kwambiri ndipo pambuyo pa theka la ola amatha kuyimirira molimba mtima. Pambuyo pa ola limodzi ndi theka, azitha kuthamanga.
Pambuyo pa liwiro la zipembere za ana kuti amvetsetse zomwe zimazungulira, amathamangira kukamwa mkaka wa amayi ake. Ng'ombezo zimayamba kudya chakudya chamwezi patatha mwezi umodzi zitabadwa. Chaka chimodzi, chipembere wakhanda ukufika makilogalamu 400-500. Mkazi amapitiliza kudyetsa mwana wake wamkaka ndi mkaka wa mayi mpaka chaka chimodzi ndi theka.
Adani achilengedwe a chipembere cha Sumatran
Chithunzi: Chipembere Chaching'ono cha Sumatran
Ngakhale kuti zipembere za ku Sumatran ndizochepa kwambiri kuposa zonse, ndi nyama zamphamvu kwambiri komanso zamphamvu. Pachifukwa ichi, m'malo ake achilengedwe, ilibe mdani pakati pa oimira nyama. Komabe, nthawi zina njala ndi umphawi wadzaoneni zimakakamiza nyama zina zolusa kusaka ngakhale chipembere.
Adani achilengedwe a chipembere cha Sumatran:
- mikango;
- akambuku;
- nile kapena ng'ona crested.
Zodya nyama zitha kugonjetsa nyama yofooka yomwe yatopa kapena kudwala, kapena kukakhala kuti kuli ziweto zambiri. Tizilombo toyamwa magazi ndi vuto linanso. Ndiwoonyamula komanso othandizira matenda ambiri.
Zipembere zambiri zimakhudzidwa ndi helminths, zomwe zimafooketsa thupi. Mdani wamkulu wa munthu ndi munthu. Zinali zochita zake zomwe zinapangitsa kuti mtundu uwu uli pafupi kutha kwathunthu. Alenje ndi opha nyama mopitirira muyeso akupitiliza kuwononga nyama masiku ano osayang'ana kuti amakhala kutali ndi malo okhala anthu, komanso kuvuta kwa kusaka kwawo.
Kuyambira pamenepo, pafupifupi zaka zikwi ziwiri zapitazo, dokotala wotchuka waku China adatha kutsimikizira kuti nyanga ya ufa imachiritsa ndipo imachepetsa ululu, imachepetsa kutentha, anthu amapha nyama kosatha.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Chipembere cha Sumatran
Lero, chipembere cha Sumatran chidalembedwa mu Red Book. Anapatsidwa udindo wokhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Akatswiri a zinyama akuti palibe nyama zoposa mazana awiri zomwe zatsala padziko lapansi masiku ano. Chifukwa chachikulu cha izi ndikupha. Izi zimathandizidwa ndi kukwera mtengo kwamitengo ya ziweto.
Anayamba kupha zipembere chifukwa cha nyanga zake. Pambuyo pake, ziwalo zina za thupi lake zidayamba kukhala zamtengo wapatali, chifukwa amati zimachita zozizwitsa. Mwachitsanzo, achi China amakhulupirira kwambiri kuti nyanga ya ufa imawonjezera mphamvu komanso imachulukitsa unyamata. Nyama yanyama imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'maiko ambiri ngati mankhwala opangira mankhwala olimbana ndi kutsegula m'mimba, chifuwa chachikulu, ndi matenda ena opatsirana.
Chosangalatsa: Chiweto chachikulu kwambiri chawonongedwa mzaka zapitazi, pomwe anthu adayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mfuti. Pamsika wakuda, nyanga ya nyama imakhala yamtengo wapatali kuyambira 45,000 mpaka 60,000 USD.
Akatswiri a sayansi ya zinyama amati chifukwa china chomwe mitundu ya zamoyo zinazimiririka ndi ulimi womwe ukukula mofulumira. Pachifukwa ichi, adakopa madera ndi madera ambiri, omwe anali malo achilengedwe a chipembere cha Sumatran. Nyamazo zinakakamizidwa kufunafuna madera atsopano omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito pokhalamo.
Izi zikufotokozera kutalika kwa kutalika kwa munthu payekhapayekha. Izi ndizovuta chifukwa chakuti nyama siziberekana m'malo opangira ndipo sizimabereka ana kangapo zaka zisanu zilizonse ndipo sizimabereka mwana wopitilira kamodzi.
Kusunga Ziphuphu za Sumatran
Chithunzi: Sumatran Rhinoceros wochokera ku Red Book
Pofuna kuteteza nyama kuti zisawonongeke konse kwa oyang'anira zigawo komwe nyama zimakhala, kuzisaka kunali koletsedwa pamalamulo. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti m'maiko ena kusaka chipembere ndikoletsedwa, koma kugulitsa ziwalo ndi ziwalo zina za thupi la nyama yodya nyama ndikololedwa.
Mabungwe othandizira zanyama amachita misonkhano yayikulu yoteteza zachilengedwe. Asayansi amalimbikitsa kuti asiye kudula nkhalango ndikuwononga malo achilengedwe a chipembere cha Sumatran. Ku America, anthu angapo amasungidwa m'malo osungira nyama, koma zovuta zimakhala chifukwa nyama sizipereka ana mu ukapolo. Kuyesera konse kupeza paki ya zipembere ndikupanga malo abwino kuti aberekane sikunapambane.
Akatswiri a zinyama amati ngati vutoli silingayesedwe kuthana ndi akuluakulu aboma, ndiye kuti posachedwa mtundu uwu ukhoza kutheratu. Asayansi amati ndikofunikira kuyesa kuletsa kugulitsa ziwalo ndi ziwalo za nyama, komanso kuti asagwiritse ntchito popanga mankhwala ndi cosmetology. Masiku ano, pali njira zina zingapo zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo mwa ziwalo za chipembere ndi zinthu zopangira.
Chipembere cha Sumatran - chinyama chosowa koma chachikulu komanso chokongola. Kuliwona lero m'malo ake achilengedwe ndizosatheka, popeza anthu omwe apulumuka amakhala kutali kwambiri ndi malo okhala ndi chitukuko. Ndiye chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuyesa kuthetsa vutoli ndi njira zonse zomwe zilipo.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 05/03/2020
Tsiku losintha: 20.02.2020 ku 23:28
