Kangaude wa ngamila dzina lake linachokera ku chipululu. Komabe, nyamayi si kangaude konse. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ofanana, adasankhidwa kukhala arachnids. Maonekedwe a zolengedwa ndizogwirizana kwathunthu ndi chikhalidwe chawo. Nyama ndizosusuka kotero kuti zimatha kudya mpaka zitaphulika.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Kangaude wa ngamila
Zolengedwa izi zili ndi mayina ambiri - solpuga, phalanx, bihorka. Order Solifugae, komwe ali, potanthauzira amatanthauza "kuthawa kuwala kwa dzuwa." Izi sizowona kwathunthu, chifukwa pali mitundu yambiri yamasana yokonda masana pakati pa akangaude a ngamila.
Zosangalatsa: Anthu aku Africa amatchedwa arthropods barber kapena barber. Chiwerengero cha anthu chimakhulupirira kuti makoma amalo obisika a solpugs anali okutidwa ndi tsitsi la anthu ndi nyama, zomwe adazidula ndi chelicera (chiwalo pakamwa).
Anthu ena amatcha phalanx "zinkhanira za mphepo" chifukwa chokhoza kuyenda mwachangu. Ku England, mayina a kangaude ngamila, chinkhanira cha dzuwa, chinkhanira cha mphepo, kangaude wa dzuwa ndi otchuka, ku Tajikistan - calli gusola (mutu wa ng'ombe), kumayiko akumwera - red romans, baarskeerders.
Kanema: Kangaude wa ngamila
Mayina asayansi - Solpugida, Solpugae, Solpugides, Galeodea, Mycetophorae. Dzinalo "phalanx" ndizovuta kwa asayansi chifukwa chofananira ndi dzina lachi Latin la gulu lopanga udzu - Phalangida. Maguluwa akuphatikiza mabanja 13, mpaka mitundu chikwi ndi mitundu 140.
Oimira otchuka kwambiri a solpug:
- wamba;
- transcaspian;
- kusuta
Kupeza kwakale kwambiri kwamalamulo ndi kwa nthawi ya Carboniferous. Mitundu ya Protosolpugidae tsopano akuti ikutha ndipo imafotokozedwa chifukwa cha zakale zomwe zidapezeka ku Pennsylvania. Nyama zimapezeka m'malo oyambirira a Cretaceous aku Brazil, Dominican, Burmese, Baltic amber.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Kangaude wa ngamila amawoneka bwanji
Kapangidwe ka phalanges ndichachilendo: imaphatikiza otukuka kwambiri komanso achikulire. Yoyamba ndi tracheal system - yotukuka kwambiri pakati pa arachnids. Chachiwiri ndi kapangidwe ka thupi ndi ziwalo. Maonekedwewo ndi mtanda pakati pa akangaude ndi tizilombo.
Bihorks ndi nyama zazikulu kwambiri, mitundu yaku Central Asia imafika masentimita 5-7 m'litali, koma ina siyidutsa mamilimita 10-15. Thupi lalitali limakutidwa ndi tsitsi lalitali komanso setae. Mtunduwo ndi wachikaso chakuda, mchenga, woyera.
Gawo lakunja la thupi, pomwe chelicerae ili, lili ndi chishango chachikulu cha chitinous. Zoyala za pedipalp nthawi zambiri zimakhala ngati zotsogola ndikuwoneka zowopsa. Zonsezi, nyama zili ndi miyendo 10. Chelicerae ali ngati pincers kapena forceps. Pa chifuwa cha diso pali maso awiri akuda, maso ofananira amakhala osakhazikika.
Ngati kutsogolo kwenikweni ntchito chogwirika, ndiye kuti miyendo yakumbuyo ndi zikhadabo okhazikika ndi suckers, ndi thandizo limene phalanges mosavuta kukwera pamalo ofukula. Mimba woboola pakati yopindika amakhala ndi magawo 10 opangidwa ndimimba ndi kumbuyo kwake.
Kupuma kwamiyendo kumapangidwa bwino. Amakhala ndi mitengo ikuluikulu yazitali ndi zotengera za nthambi zokhala ndi makoma olimba omwe amakhala ozungulira, omwe amadzaza thupi lonse la solpuga. Tsitsi lakuthwa ndikusuntha mwachangu kumathandizira kuwopseza adani, monganso chelicerae, omwe amawoneka ngati zikhadabo za nkhanu ndipo amatha kupanga mawu osokosera.
Zowonjezera zam'kamwa ndizolimba kwambiri kotero kuti zimalola ma arachnid kudula tsitsi, nthenga ndi ubweya kwa omwe adachitidwa ngozi, kuboola khungu, ndikudula mafupa a mbalame. Maubwenzi a nsagwada. Mano akuthwa pakamwa. Tsitsi logwirika limakhala lalitali kwambiri mwa amuna kuposa akazi.
Kodi kangaude amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Kangaude wa ngamila m'chipululu
Bihorki ndi okhala m'chipululu, m'malo ouma, mapiri ndi nyengo zotentha. Nthawi zina zimapezeka kumadera otentha. Mitundu yochepa chabe ya phalanges idazolowera kukhala m'nkhalango. Chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri chikupezeka mdziko lakale. Oimira mabanja a Eremobatidae ndi Ammotrechidae amapezeka ku New World.
Ku Old World, ma arachnids amagawidwa pafupifupi ku Africa konse, kupatula Madagascar, South, Front ndi Central Asia. Ngakhale amakhala bwino, nyamakazi sizikhala ku Australia ndi Pacific Islands.
Mabanja angapo amakhala ku Palaearctic, komwe kumachitika ku South Africa kokha. Malowa akupitilira India, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, ku Western Europe - Balkan ndi Iberian Peninsulas, Greece, Spain. Malo okhala osayenera salola kuti anthu azikhala ku Arctic ndi Antarctica.
M'madera omwe kale anali USSR, ma bihork amakhala ku Central Asia - ku Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, ndi Kyrgyzstan. Amapezeka ku Transcaucasia, North Caucasus, Kalmykia, m'chipululu cha Gobi, Astrakhan, m'chigawo cha Lower Volga, pachilumba cha Crimea. Mitundu ina imapezeka pamtunda wa mamita 3 zikwi pamwamba pa nyanja.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe kangaude wa ngamila amapezeka. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe amadya.
Kodi kangaude amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Kangaude ya ngamila, kapena phalanx
Arachnids awa ndi osusuka mopitirira muyeso. Amawononga zamoyo zosiyanasiyana zomwe amatha kupirira.
Nthawi zambiri, izi ndi tizilombo:
- akangaude;
- zokonda;
- zinkhanira;
- nsabwe zamatabwa;
- scolopendra;
- mdima wofinya;
- chiswe.
Ngakhale kuti m'matumbo mwake mulibe minyewa yoyipa, nyamakazi imatha kupha ngakhale nyama zazing'ono. Anthu akuluakulu amalimbana ndi abuluzi, anapiye, ndi makoswe ang'onoang'ono. Mukakumana ndi zinkhanira zofanana, kupambana nthawi zambiri kumapita ku phalanx. Nyamazi zimangotenga nyama zawo ndikuziluma ndi chelicera wamphamvu.
Chosangalatsa: Ngati nyama ipatsidwa chakudya chochuluka chomwe sichiyenera kuthamangitsa, ma saltpug amadya mpaka mimba itaphulika. Ndipo ngakhale zitatha izi, adzadya mpaka kufa.
Masana, zolengedwa zimabisala pansi pamiyala, zimakumba maenje kapena kukumba kwa alendo. Anthu ena amagwiritsa ntchito malo omwewo, pomwe ena amafunafuna malo ogona nthawi iliyonse. Zojambulajambula zimakopeka ndi magetsi. Nthawi zambiri amalowa panja chifukwa cha moto wamoto kapena nyali.
Mitundu ina yamtunduwu imatchedwa owononga ming'oma. Usiku, amazembera muming'oma ndikupha tizilombo tambiri. Pambuyo pake, pansi pake pamadzaza ndi zotsalira za njuchi, ndipo kangaude wa ngamila amagona ndi mimba yotupa, osakhoza kuchoka pamng'oma. Pofika m'mawa, njuchi zotsalazo zimamuluma mpaka kufa.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Kangaude wa ngamila ku Crimea
Bihorks ndi mafoni kwambiri. Amasaka makamaka usiku, ngakhale kulinso mitundu yamasana. M'nyengo yozizira, nyamakazi imabisala, ndipo mitundu ina imatha kuchita izi m'nyengo yachilimwe. Adalandira dzina "Scorpion of the Wind" chifukwa chokhoza kuyenda pamtunda wa makilomita 16 pa ola limodzi. Anthu akulu amalumpha kuposa mita imodzi.
Zilombozi ndi zamwano, koma osati zowopsa konse, ngakhale kulumidwa kwawo kumatha kukhala koopsa. Anthu akulu amatha kuluma kudzera pakhungu kapena msomali wa munthu. Ngati zotsalira zovunda za omwe adazunzidwa zilipo pazomwe angathe kuchita, atha kulowa pachilondacho ndikupangitsa poyizoni wamagazi, kapena kutupa.
Chosangalatsa: Pali malingaliro ambiri osiyanasiyana onena za poizoni wa nyama. Kwa zaka zambiri, solpuga amadziwika kuti ndi wowopsa komanso wowopsa m'moyo wamunthu.
Cholengedwa sichimawopa anthu. Usiku, ma phalanxes amatha kulowa m'chihema mosavuta ndikuwala kwa nyali, chifukwa chake khomo liyenera kutsekedwa nthawi zonse. Ndipo mukakwera mkati, ndibwino kuti muwunikenso ngati nyamayo yathamangira nanu. Katundu wanu amayeneranso kusungidwa mu hema, chifukwa solpuga, wotopa pambuyo posaka usiku, amatha kukwera kuti apumule.
Ndizosatheka kuthamangitsa bihorka kunja kwa hema. Ndiwamphumphu komanso wamakani, chotsalira ndikumupha kapena kumusesa ndi tsache. Zonsezi ndizofunikira kuthana ndi magolovesi akuluakulu, ndipo ndibwino kuyika buluku mu nsapato. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti ndizosatheka kuphwanya nyama pamchenga.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Kangaude wa ngamila ku Russia
Pakangoyamba nyengo yokhwima, chachikazi chimayamba kutulutsa fungo linalake, lomwe lamphongo limanunkhira mothandizidwa ndi ma pedipalps. Kukwatiwa kumachitika usiku, pambuyo pake wamwamuna amafunika kupuma msanga, chifukwa chachikazi chimayamba kuwonetsa zipsinjo.
Manyowa achikazi phalanges amakhala osusuka. Pakukopana, zimakhala zopanda pake kotero kuti yamwamuna imawakoka. Koma kumapeto kwa ntchito, zazikazi zimakhala zamphamvu kwambiri kotero kuti yamphongo imayenera kunyamula miyendo yake kuti isakhale chakudya.
Amuna amatulutsa spermatophore womata pansi, amatola ndi chelicera ndikulowetsa kutsegulira kwa mkazi. Ntchitoyi imatenga mphindi zingapo. Kusuntha kwamphongo pakamakwatirana kumakhala kovuta. Ngati ndondomekoyi yayamba, wamwamuna sangaimalize, ngakhale mkazi kapena umuna atachotsedwa.
Mkazi wamkazi wokhala ndi umuna amayamba kudyetsa mwamphamvu, pambuyo pake amatulutsa dzenje ndikuikira mazira 30-200 amitundu yosiyanasiyana mmenemo. Kukula kwa mazira kumayambira ngakhale mumayendedwe a akazi, chifukwa chake, pakatha milungu 2-3, akangaude ang'onoang'ono amabadwa.
Poyamba, achichepere amakhala osasunthika, opanda tsitsi, okutidwa ndi khungu locheperako. Pambuyo pa milungu ingapo, kusungunuka kumayamba, chiwopsezo chimayamba kuuma, makanda amadzala ndi tsitsi ndikupanga mayendedwe oyamba. Poyamba, mkazi amasamalira ana, kufunafuna chakudya mpaka anawo alimba.
Adani achilengedwe a kangaude wa ngamila
Chithunzi: Kangaude wa ngamila amawoneka bwanji
Shaggy solpug, kuphatikiza kusuntha mwachangu komanso kukula kwakukulu, zimawopsa adani. Zolengedwazi ndizamakani kotero kuti kuyenda kulikonse kumawoneka ngati kowopsa. Amasankha njira zowukira ndipo nthawi yomweyo amenya adani.
Mukakumana ndi adani, zolengedwa zimapanga chiwopsezo: zimakweza gawo lakutsogolo ndikutulutsa zikhomo zotseguka, kwezani zikhomo zakutsogolo ndikusunthira mdani. Nthawi yomweyo, zimalira mokuwa mwakuwopseza kapena kulira mokweza, ndikupanga mawu ndikutsutsana ndi chelicera.
Ma phalanxes ali ndi adani ambiri:
- akangaude akulu;
- abuluzi;
- amphibiya;
- nkhandwe;
- mbira;
- zimbalangondo, etc.
Pofuna kudziteteza ku ngozi, ma arachnids amakumba maenje akuya masentimita 20, kutalika kwake mita zingapo. Khomo lophimbidwa ndikudzaza masamba owuma. Ngati mdaniyo ndi wamkulu kwambiri ndipo solpugi akukayikira kupambana kwawo, kuthekera kolumpha mtunda wautali ndikukwera mosavuta malo owongoka kumathandizira ma bihorks.
Ngati ziukiridwa, zolengedwa zimayamba kudziteteza mwamphamvu ndikugwiritsa ntchito zikhadabo zamphamvu. Ma phalanges ali ndi mwayi wothana ndi chinkhanira, ngakhale ndiwowopsa kwambiri komanso wowopsa. Nyama ndizankhanza ngakhale kwa wina ndi mnzake.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Kangaude wa ngamila
Chiwerengero cha akangaude a ngamila akuyerekeza mitundu 700-1000. Palibe chidziwitso chokwanira pakukula kwa kuchuluka kwa anthu, koma m'zaka zina chimakula kwambiri kotero kuti unyinji wa solpugs umalowerera nyumba za munthu, ndikukwawa m'mawindo, zitseko ndi mipata iliyonse. Kuchuluka kwa anthu ndikotsika. Kusaka kwa ma phalanges tsiku lonse kumapangitsa kuti pasapezeke anthu opitilira 3.
Mu 2018, mdera la Volgograd, nyama zidakulirakulira m'dera la Shebalino mwakuti zidawopseza anthu akumaloko. Mchere wamchere wa Crimea nthawi zambiri umasokoneza alendo ena onse, osazengereza kukhazikika pamoto. Omwe ali omasuka ndi zotere amalangizidwa kuti azikhala odekha.
Zowopsa zimaphatikizapo kuwonongeka kwa biotopes, kukhazikitsidwa kwa malo okhala, kulima malo a mbewu, kudyetsa ziweto mopitirira muyeso, kuwonongedwa ndi umunthu chifukwa choopa kulumidwa. Njira zachitetezo zomwe zikulimbikitsidwa zikuyang'ana kwambiri kusamalira malo, kuphatikiza malo okhala.
Kangaude wa ngamila - cholengedwa chapadera, chankhanza komanso chopanda mantha. Saopa kulimbana ndi otsutsa 3-4 kukula kwawo. Mosiyana ndi nthano zonse zopangidwa mozungulira nyama izi, sizowopsa kwa anthu. Ngati kulumako sikukanatha kupeĊµedwa, ndikwanira kutsuka chilondacho ndi sopo wa antibacterial ndikuchiza ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo.
Tsiku lofalitsidwa: 01/16/2020
Tsiku losinthidwa: 09/15/2019 pa 17:14
