Terafosa blond, kapena goliath tarantula, ndiye mfumu ya akangaude. Tarantula iyi ndiye arachnid yayikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Nthawi zambiri samadya mbalame, koma amakhala akulu mokwanira kuti athe - ndipo nthawi zina amatero. Dzinalo "tarantula" limachokera pazolembedwa zaka za zana la 18 zosonyeza mtundu wina wa tarantula ikudya hummingbird, yomwe idapatsa mtundu wonse wa teraphosis dzina loti tarantula.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Terafosa blond
Theraphosa blondi ndiye kangaude wamkulu kwambiri padziko lapansi, onse kulemera ndi kukula kwake, koma kangaude wamkulu wosakira ali ndi kutalika kwakanthawi kwamiyendo. Zolemera zolemera izi zimatha kulemera kuposa 170g ndikukhala mpaka 28cm kudutsa ndikuthyola pakati. Mosiyana ndi tanthauzo la dzina lawo, akangaudewa samadyetsa mbalame kawirikawiri.
Ma arachnids onse adachokera ku ma arthropods osiyanasiyana omwe amayenera kuti adachoka munyanja pafupifupi zaka 450 miliyoni zapitazo. Arthropods adachoka m'nyanja ndikukakhazikika pamtunda kuti akafufuze ndikupeza chakudya. Arachnid woyamba kudziwika anali trigonotarbide. Amanenedwa kuti adawonekera zaka 420-290 miliyoni zapitazo. Zinkawoneka ngati akangaude amakono, koma zinalibe zopangira silika. Monga mitundu yayikulu kwambiri ya kangaude, teraphosis blond ndiye gwero la chidwi cha anthu komanso mantha.
Kanema: Terafosa blond
Ma arachnids awa adasinthidwa bwino kuti akhale ndi moyo ndipo amakhala ndi chitetezo zingapo:
- Phokoso - Akangaude awa satha kutulutsa mawu, koma sizitanthauza kuti sangapange phokoso. Ngati awopsezedwa, azipaka pamiyendo yawo, zomwe zimamveka zikumveka. Izi zimatchedwa "stridulation" ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kuyesa kuwopseza omwe angakhale adani;
- kulumidwa - Mungaganize kuti chitetezo chachikulu cha kangaude uyu ndi mano ake akulu, koma zolengedwazi zimagwiritsa ntchito njira ina yodzitchinjiriza ikayang'aniridwa ndi adani. Amatha kupukuta ndikumasula tsitsi labwino m'mimba mwawo. Tsitsi lotayirira limakwiyitsa mamina aminyama, monga mphuno, kamwa ndi maso;
- dzina - ngakhale dzina lake "tarantula" limachokera kwa wofufuza yemwe adawonera kangaude m'modzi akudya mbalame, blonde ya teraphosis nthawi zambiri samadya mbalame. Mbalame ndi zinyama zina zimakhala zovuta kugwira. Ngakhale amatha kugwira ndikudya nyama zazikulu, akapatsidwa mwayi. Nthawi zambiri amadya zakudya zosavuta monga nyongolotsi, tizilombo, ndi amphibiya;
- Pogona - Njira ina yopewera adani ndi kukhala ndi malo obisalapo. Masana, nyamazi zimabwerera kumalo otetezeka. Kukada, zimawonekera ndikusaka nyama zing'onozing'ono.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Kodi terafosa blond imawoneka bwanji
Terafosa blond ndi mitundu yayikulu kwambiri ya tarantula. Monga tarantulas onse, ali ndi mimba yayikulu ndi cephalothorax yaying'ono. Vuto la kangaude ili kumapeto kwa mimba, ndipo mayini ali kutsogolo kwa cephalothorax yake. Ali ndi ziphuphu zazikulu kwambiri, kutalika kwake kumatha kufika masentimita 4. Canine iliyonse imaperekedwa ndi poizoni, koma ndiyofewa komanso siyowopsa kwa anthu ngati ilibe vuto lililonse.
Zosangalatsa: Mtundu wa Blond's teraphosis umagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri mabala ofiira, kupereka chithunzi kuti ndi golide poyamba, ndipo nthawi zina wakuda amapezeka m'malo ena amthupi lawo. Izi zimangotengera dera lomwe amakumanako.
Monga ma tarantulas onse, teraphosa blond ili ndi ma canine akulu kuluma kudzera pakhungu la anthu (1.9-3.8 cm). Amanyamula zilonda zawo zam'mimba ndipo amadziwika kuti amaluma akawopsezedwa, koma poyizoniyo ndiosavulaza, ndipo mphamvu yake imafanana ndi yoluma mavu. Kuphatikiza apo, akaopsezedwa, amapaka pamimba ndi miyendo yawo yakumbuyo ndikutulutsa tsitsi, lomwe limakwiyitsa kwambiri khungu ndi mamina. Ali ndi tsitsi la utoto lomwe limatha kuvulaza anthu, ndipo ena amawawona ngati owopsa pazonse zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tsitsi la tarantula liwotche. Terafosa blond nthawi zambiri amaluma anthu pongodzitchinjiriza, ndipo kuluma kumeneku sikumangobweretsa kukhosi (komwe kumatchedwa "kuluma kowuma").
Zosangalatsa: Therafosa blond samatha kuwona bwino ndipo amadalira kwambiri kugwedezeka pansi komwe amatha kuzindikira mkati mwake.
Monga ma tarantula ambiri, ma blondes a teraphoses nthawi zonse amatulutsa khungu latsopano ndikuthira khungu lakale, monga njoka. Njira yomwe molting imachitikira itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kubwezeretsa ziwalo zomwe zidatayika. Ngati khungu la teraphosis lataya nkhono, amachulukitsa kukakamiza kwamadzimadzi mthupi lake kutuluka mchikopa kapena chipolopolo cholimba chomwe chimakwirira nyama.
Kenako amapopa madzi kuchokera m'thupi lake kupita ku chiwalo kuti akakamize khungu lakale kuti liziphatika, ndikupanga khungu latsopano ngati chiwalo chotaika, chomwe chimadzaza ndimadzimadzi mpaka chimakhala cholimba. Kenako kangaudeyo amatenganso chigawo chake chotayika. Izi zimatha kutenga maola angapo, ndipo kangaude amapezeka m'malo ovuta, ziwalo zake zowonekera zimakhala ndi mphira, mpaka zitasinthiratu.
Kodi terafosa blond amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Kangaude terafosa blond
Terafosa blonde amapezeka kumpoto chakumwera kwa America. Apezeka ku Brazil, Venezuela, Suriname, French Guiana ndi Guyana. Mbali zawo zazikulu zili m'nkhalango yamvula ya Amazon. Mitunduyi sichimachitika mwachilengedwe kulikonse padziko lapansi, koma imasungidwa ndikutulutsidwa mu ukapolo. Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya tarantula, nyama izi zimakhala makamaka m'nkhalango zotentha za ku South America. Makamaka, amakhala m'nkhalango zamapiri. Zina mwa malo omwe amakonda kwambiri ndi madambo okhala m'nkhalango zowirira. Amakumba mauna m'nthaka yofewa ndikubisalamo.
Mitunduyi iyenera kusungidwa m'malo okhalamo, makamaka mumtsinje wosachepera 75 malita. Chifukwa amadalira mabowo apansi kuti agone, ayenera kukhala ndi gawo lokwanira kuti liwalole kukumba mosavuta, monga peat moss kapena mulch. Kuphatikiza pamabowo awo, amakonda kukhala ndi ma cache ambiri m'malo awo okhala. Amatha kudyetsedwa ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, koma amayenera kuperekedwa nthawi ndi nthawi ndi nyama zazikulu, monga mbewa.
The terrarium iyenera kusinthidwa kuti tarantula isafe ndi nkhawa. Ndiwo gawo, chifukwa chake ndibwino kuti muzisungika nokha ku terrarium yanu ngati muli ndi ma tarantula ena mnyumba mwanu. Mitundu yambiri ya tarantula imakhala ndi vuto losaona kwenikweni, kotero kuyatsa kwa terrarium sikofunikira. Amakonda malo amdima, ndipo popeza zokongoletsera zili kwa inu, muyenera kuwapatsa malo okwanira kubisala masana (amakhala otakataka usiku ndipo amagona tsiku lonse).
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe khungu lamtundu wa teraphosis limapezeka. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe kangaudeyu amadya.
Kodi terafosa blond amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Blond Terafosa ku Brazil
Terafose blondes amadyetsa nyongolotsi ndi mitundu ina ya tizilombo. Kumtchire, komabe, kudyetsa kwawo kumasiyana pang'ono, popeza ndi ena mwa nyama zomwe zimadya nyama zawo kwambiri, zimatha kupitilira nyama zambiri. Adzapindula ndi izi ndipo adya chilichonse chomwe sichikulirapo.
Nyongolotsi ndizo zakudya zambiri zamtunduwu. Amatha kudyetsa tizilombo tambiri tambiri tambiri, nyongolotsi zina, amphibian ndi zina zambiri. Zina mwazachilendo zomwe angadye zimaphatikizapo abuluzi, mbalame, makoswe, achule akulu ndi njoka. Ndi omnivores ndipo adya kanthu kakang'ono kokwanira kuti agwire. Ma blondes a Teraphosis samakonda kudya, chifukwa chake mutha kuwadyetsa njoka, mphemvu, ndi mbewa zina. Adzadya pafupifupi chilichonse chomwe sichiposa iwo.
Chifukwa chake, teraphosa blond nthawi zambiri samadya mbalame. Mofanana ndi ma tarantula ena, chakudya chawo chimakhala ndi tizilombo komanso tizilombo tina tating'onoting'ono. Komabe, chifukwa cha kukula kwake, mitunduyi nthawi zambiri imapha ndikuwononga mitundu yambiri yanyama. Kumtchire, mitundu ikuluikulu yawonedwa ikudya makoswe, achule, abuluzi, mileme, ngakhalenso njoka zaululu.
Mu ukapolo, zakudya zazikulu za teraphosis blonde ziyenera kukhala ndi mphemvu. Akuluakulu ndi ana ang'onoang'ono amatha kudyetsedwa ndi njenjete kapena mphemvu zomwe siziposa kutalika kwa thupi lawo. Kudyetsa mbewa pafupipafupi sikuvomerezeka chifukwa chakudyachi chimakhala ndi calcium yochulukirapo, yomwe imatha kukhala yowopsa kapena kupha tarantula.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Big terafosa blond
Ma blondes a Teraphosis ndiusiku, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amakhala otakataka usiku. Amakhala masana bwinobwino mosabisa ndipo amatuluka usiku kukasaka nyama. Zilombozi zimakhala zosungulumwa ndipo zimagwirizana wina ndi mnzake pokhapokha kuti ziberekane. Mosiyana ndi ma arachnid ena ambiri, akazi azinthu zamtunduwu samayesa kupha ndipo pali omwe angakhale othandizana nawo.
Maluwa a Teraphoses amakhala nthawi yayitali ngakhale kuthengo. Monga mwachizolowezi pamitundu yambiri ya tarantula, akazi ndi akulu kuposa amuna. Amafika pakukula msinkhu wazaka 3/6 zoyambirira za moyo ndipo amadziwika kuti amakhala zaka pafupifupi 15-25. Komabe, amuna sangakhale moyo wautali choncho, amakhala ndi moyo zaka 3-6, ndipo nthawi zina amafa atangofika msinkhu.
Tarantula uyu siwochezeka konse, musayembekezere kuti anthu awiri amtundu womwewo atha kukhala khola limodzi popanda mavuto. Amakhala ndi gawo limodzi ndipo amatha kukhala achiwawa, chifukwa chinthu chabwino kwambiri chomwe mungachite ndikukhala ndi m'modzi yekha mwa iwo momwemo. Ndiwo mitundu yayikulu kwambiri ya tarantula yomwe ikudziwika mpaka lero, komanso imathamanga komanso mwamphamvu mwachilengedwe, simukufuna kuthana nawo ngati mulibe chidziwitso choyenera, ndipo ngakhale mutakhala kuti mukudziwa ma tarantulas, sikulimbikitsidwa kuthamangira ku teraphosis tsitsi. Amatha kupanga phokoso linalake akawona zoopsa, zomwe zimamveka ngakhale patali kwambiri.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Poizoni teraphosis blond
Akazi a teraphosis blond amayamba kupanga ukonde ataswana ndikuikira mazira 50 mpaka 200 mmenemo. Mazirawo amapatsidwa ubwamuna ndi umuna womwe umasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku mating atachoka m'thupi lake, m'malo mopatsidwa umuna mkati. Mkazi amatenga mazira ake m'matumba a mtengowo ndipo amanyamula thumba la mazira kuti awateteze. Mazirawo amaswa mu akangaude ang'onoang'ono masabata 6-8. Zitha kutenga zaka 2-3 asangaude achichepere asanakule msinkhu ndikugonana.
Kukwerana kusanathe, akazi amatenga toni ya chakudya chifukwa amangoteteza thumba la mazira atapanga kale. Adzakhala nthawi yawo yambiri akumuteteza pambuyo pokwatirana kwathunthu ndipo azikhala aukali kwambiri ngati mutayandikira pafupi naye. Mukamakwatirana, mutha kuwona "nkhondo" pakati pa akangaude onse awiri.
Zosangalatsa: Ngakhale ma tarantula achikazi ambiri amitundu ina amadya anzawo nthawi kapena ikatha, ma blondes a teraphosis satero. Mkazi samaika pachiwopsezo chilichonse kwa wamwamuna ndipo adzapulumuka atagwirana. Komabe, amuna amafa atangofika msinkhu, choncho si zachilendo kuti amwali akangomaliza kukwatira.
Adani achilengedwe a teraphosis blond
Chithunzi: Kodi terafosa blond imawoneka bwanji
Ngakhale sichiwopsezedwa kuthengo, teraphosis ya blonde ili ndi adani achilengedwe, monga:
- tarantula hawk;
- njoka zina;
- ma tarantula ena.
Abuluzi akulu ndi njoka zimadya teraphosis blond nthawi ndi nthawi, ngakhale zimayenera kukhala zosankha za kangaude yemwe amasankha kumuthamangitsa. Nthawi zina tarantula amatha kudya abuluzi kapena njoka - ngakhale zazikulu kwambiri. Hawks, ziwombankhanga, ndi akadzidzi nthawi zina amadya ma blondes a teraphosis.
Mmodzi mwa adani akuluakulu a teraphosis blonde ndi nkhono za tarantula. Cholengedwa ichi chimafufuza tarantula, chimapeza dzenje lake ndikunyengerera kangaude. Kenako imalowa mkati ndikuluma kangaude pamalo osatetezeka, mwachitsanzo, palimodzi mwendo. Tarantula akangouma chifukwa cha ululu wa mavu, nkhono za tarantula zimamukokera m'phanga lake, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale mumtsinje wake womwe. Mavu amaikira dzira pa kangaude ndipo kenako amatseka mzerewo. Pamene mbozi imaswa, imadya mabuluwa kenako ndikutuluka mumtambo ngati mavu okhwima.
Ntchentche zina zimaikira mazira pa teraphosis blond. Mazirawo ataswa, mphutsi zimalowa mu kangaude, kuzidya kuchokera mkati. Akamasinthasintha ndikusandulika ntchentche, amang'amba mimba ya tarantula, ndikupha. Nkhupakupa zazing'ono zimadyetsanso tarantulas, ngakhale sizimayambitsa imfa. Akangaude amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu panthawi ya molt pamene ali osalimba ndipo sangathe kuyenda bwino. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono titha kupha tarantula mosavuta pakasungunuka. Katunduyu amalimbanso patatha masiku angapo. Mdani wowopsa kwambiri wa kangaude ndi munthu komanso chiwonongeko cha malo ake.
Akangaude awa savulaza anthu, chifukwa nthawi zina amasungidwa ngati ziweto. Amakhala ndi poizoni wofatsa pakulumidwa kwawo ndipo tsitsi lawo lomwe limakwiyitsa limatha kuyambitsa mkwiyo ngati lili ndi mantha. Anthu amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu ku blond teraphosis. Kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa South America, anthu akumaloko amasaka ndikudya ma arachnids awa. Amakonzedwa ndi kuwotcha tsitsi ndikukazinga kangaude m'masamba a nthochi, ofanana ndi mitundu ina ya tarantula. Akangaude amasonkhanitsidwanso pamalonda azinyama.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Terafosa blond
Terafosa blond sanayesedwebe ndi International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Chiwerengero cha anthu chimawerengedwa kuti ndi chokhazikika, koma mitunduyo imakhala pachiwopsezo kuti ipulumuke. Mitambo yambiri yamagazi yakhala ikugwira ntchito yogulitsa nyama.
Kugwira tsitsi lamtundu wa teraphosis wamoyo ndi ntchito yovuta, ndipo anthu ambiri amtunduwu amafa pomwe amalonda amayesa kuwagwira. Kuphatikiza apo, amalonda amakonda kugwira akangaude akuluakulu kuti apeze phindu lina. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zazikazi zazikulu, zomwe zimakhala mpaka zaka 25 ndipo zimaikira mazira masauzande ambiri m'moyo wawo, zimagwidwa kwambiri zikakula kuposa amuna.
Kudula mitengo mwachisawawa komanso kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala kumayambitsanso chiwopsezo chachikulu cha blond teraphosis. Anthu am'deralo amasakanso ziphona zazikulu za teraphosa, chifukwa zakhala zili mgonero kuyambira nthawi zakale. Ngakhale kuti anthu ndi okhazikika, akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo akuganiza kuti teraphosis ya blond ikhoza kukhala pachiwopsezo posachedwa. Komabe, njira zotetezera sizinayambebe.
M'mayiko ambiri padziko lonse lapansi, mutha kupeza terafosa blond ngati ziweto. Ngakhale kuti ndi zolengedwa zododometsa ndipo zimatha kukopa aliyense, kukhala nazo ngati ziweto si chisankho chabwino. Zamoyozi zili ndi poyizoni, mano okuluwika a zikhadabo za Cheetah, ndi njira zina zambiri zodzitetezera. Ndiwotchire, ndipo kukhala ndi ziweto zoweta sikungodzipangira mavuto. Amachita nkhanza kwambiri ndipo amawasunga mndende popanda chitsogozo chilichonse cha akatswiri amakhumudwitsidwa kwambiri. Ndi okongola kuthengo komanso ndi gawo lofunikira lazachilengedwe.
Terafosa blond Amawonedwa kuti ndi kangaude wachiwiri wamkulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi (ndiye wotsika kuposa kangaude wamkulu wopha malinga ndi ma paws) ndipo atha kukhala wamkulu kwambiri. Amakhala m'makona m'malo akuthwa kumpoto kwa South America.Amadyetsa tizilombo, makoswe, mileme, mbalame zazing'ono, abuluzi, achule ndi njoka. Siziweto zabwino kwambiri zoyambira chifukwa cha kukula kwake kwakukulu komanso wamanjenje.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 04.01.
Tsiku losinthidwa: 12.09.2019 pa 15:49
