Palibe mtundu uliwonse wa nsombazi womwe ulipo wofanana ndi makolo ake akale monga nsomba zisanu ndi chimodzi... Anthu ena olimba mtima osambira pamadzi, akakumana mosayembekezereka, amayesa kukwera nsomba ina yovuta komanso yopanda vuto. Nyama zam'madzi ndizosangalatsa kukula kwake. Kukumana mwamwayi ndi iye mu gawo lamadzi kumasangalatsa malingaliro, ngati msonkhano ndi dinosaur.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Sixgill shark
Sarkgill shark ndiye mtundu waukulu kwambiri m'banja la polygill, mtundu wa nsomba zamatenda. Asayansi apeza mitundu isanu ndi itatu ya nsombazi, koma ndi mitundu iwiri yokha yokha yomwe ikuyenda panyanja, ndipo zotsalazo zatha kalekale.
Mitundu yomwe ilipo:
- gibber wamutu wosalala kapena imvi nsombazi zisanu ndi chimodzi;
- shark wamkulu wa maso asanu ndi atatu.
Polygill squad amadziwika kuti ndi akale kwambiri komanso wakale kwambiri.
Kanema: Sixgill Shark
Monga nthumwi zonse za mtundu wa nsomba zamatenda, hexagill ili ndi mawonekedwe awo angapo:
- alibe chikhodzodzo chosambira;
- zipsepse ndi zopingasa;
- thupi lawo lophimbidwa ndi masikelo a placoid;
- Chibade chonsecho ndi chichereŵechereŵe.
Mphamvu ya Hexgill imathandizira kukhala ndi chiwindi chokulirapo, chokhala ndi mafuta ambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, kuti asamire, nsombazi zimayenda mokhazikika pamadzi, ndikuthandizira matupi awo mothandizidwa ndi zipsepse. Zotsalira zakale kwambiri mwa zolengedwa izi zapezeka m'malo omwe amapezeka ku Permian, koyambirira kwa Jurassic. Masiku ano, mitundu 33 ya polygill shark amawerengedwa kuti atheratu.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: chifukwa chakuchedwa kwawo komanso kukula kwake kwakukulu, oimira mitunduyi nthawi zambiri amatchedwa asodzi a ng'ombe. Amakhala asodzi, koma kufunikira kwawo sikokwera kwambiri.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Kodi sixgill shark imawoneka bwanji
Kukula kwa zitsanzo zaimvi za shark sixgill zimatha kupitilira mamita 5 ndi kulemera kwa ma kilogalamu opitilira 400. Ma subspecies amaso akulu ndi ocheperako. Kutengera mawonekedwe amalo okhala, mtundu wa shark umatha kukhala wosiyana: kuchokera pakuda imvi mpaka bulauni yakuda.
Anthu onse ali ndi mimba yopepuka komanso mzere wotsatira womwe umayenderana mthupi lonse. Mbalame imodzi yam'mphepete imasamutsidwa kwambiri kupita ku caudal, tsinde lake ndi lalifupi kwambiri, ndipo chapamwamba chake ndi chachikulu ndipo chimakhala ndi notch. Zoyala zisanu ndi chimodzi zamtunduwu zimapezeka mbali zonse ziwiri za thupi kutsogolo kwa zipsepse za pectoral.
Thupi palokha ndilolitali, lopapatiza, fusiform. Mphunoyi ndi yaifupi komanso yosamveka. Pamtunda wapamwamba wamutu pali dzenje lozungulira - chikho chowaza. Maso opangidwa ndi chowulungika ali kumbuyo kwenikweni kwa mphuno ndikusowa nembanemba yoyipa.
Pakamwa pa nsombazi ndi yayikulu kukula ndi mizere isanu ndi umodzi ya mano ngati chisa omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana:
- nsagwada chapamwamba yokutidwa ndi mano triangular;
- pa nsagwada yakumunsi, ali owumbika.
Chifukwa cha izi, nsombazi zimatha kugwira nyama zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo zoterera kwambiri.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Mtundu uwu wa nsombazi umakhala nthawi yayitali kwambiri, ndikukwera usiku kokha. Chifukwa chamakhalidwe awa, maso awo amatha kuwalitsa bwino. Mphamvu imeneyi imadziwika kuti ndi yosowa kwambiri pakati pa asodzi.
Kodi sixgill shark amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Six-gill shark munyanja
Sixgill imapezeka pansi pa nyanja ya Atlantic. Amakhala m'madzi m'mphepete mwa Pacific ku America: kuchokera ku California dzuwa mpaka kumpoto kwa Vancouver. Chiwerengero chokwanira cha anthu chimakhala pagombe la Australia, kumwera kwa Africa, Chile, pafupi ndi zilumba za Japan.
Nthawi zambiri nsomba za sixgill zimapezeka kuzama pafupifupi mita 100, koma zimadziwika kuti zimatha kuyenda pansi mpaka mita 2000 kapena kupitilira apo mosavuta. Kupsinjika kuzama koteroko kumatha kupitilira 400,000 kg pa mita mita imodzi. Masana, nyama zimenezi zimayenda pang’onopang’ono m’madzi, zimayenda chapansi kufunafuna nyama zakufa, ndipo usiku zimayandikira kwambiri kumtunda kukasaka nsomba. Kutatsala pang'ono kucha, zimphona zam'mbuyomu zimabwereranso kumadzi. Mphepete mwa nyanja ya Canada, sixgill amapezeka pamwamba pamadzi ngakhale masana, koma izi zimatha kutchedwa kuti zosowa.
Chosangalatsa: Nsombazi za mutu wa gill zisanu ndi chimodzi ndizofunika pamalonda. Akusowa kwambiri ku California, mayiko ena aku Europe. Nthawi zambiri amauma.
Amadziwika kuti ku Germany nyama ya nsombazi imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala ofewetsa tuvi tolimba. Chiwindi cha chimphona cham'nyanja sichidya, chifukwa chimaonedwa kuti ndi chakupha chifukwa cha poizoni wambiri.
Kodi sixgill shark amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Sixgill deep sea shark
Zakudya zodziwika bwino za zimphona zakale:
- nsomba zapakatikati, monga flounder, hake, hering'i;
- crustaceans, kunyezimira.
Pali nthawi zina pamene mtundu uwu wa nsombazi udagunda zisindikizo ndi nyama zina zam'madzi. Mitsempha isanu ndi umodzi samanyoza mitembo, imatha kutenga nyama kuchokera kwa mwana wawo wamwamuna kapena kumumenya, makamaka ngati munthuyo ndi wofooka chifukwa cha mabala kapena wocheperako.
Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake ka nsagwada komanso mawonekedwe a mano, nyama izi zimatha kudya zakudya zosiyanasiyana. Amakumana mosavuta ndi ma crustaceans akuluakulu. Ngati nyamayo inagwira nyama ndi nsagwada zake zamphamvu, ndiye kuti ilibenso mwayi wopulumutsidwa. Shaki imayamba kugwedeza mutu uku ndi uku ndikusinthasintha thupi lake, zomwe zimawononga kwambiri nyama yake. Kunja kokha amawoneka osalongosoka, koma panthawi yosakira amatha kuwombera mwachangu.
Ngakhale ndi zazikulu komanso zowopsa, ng'ombe za shark zimaonedwa kuti sizowopsa kwa anthu. M'mbiri yonse yakuwona, zochitika zingapo zowukira anthu zinalembedwa, koma mwa aliyense wa iwo nsombayo idakwiyitsidwa ndi machitidwe olakwika a anthu ena. Mukakumana ndi munthu mwakuya, zolengedwa izi zimawonetsa chidwi chachikulu kwa iye ndi zida zam'madzi. Amatha kuzungulira mozungulira kwakanthawi, koma poyesetsa kulumikizana nawo amasambira mwachangu.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Shark wakale wakale
Ndizovuta kwambiri kuwona hexgill m'malo awo achilengedwe, popeza amakonda kusambira mozama kwambiri. Mofanana ndi anthu ena okhala m'nyanja yakuya, moyo wawo wakhala chinsinsi kwa anthu kuyambira kale. Sikulangizidwa kuti makamaka mukweze nsombazi zisanu ndi chimodzi pamwamba, chifukwa nthawi yomweyo amasokonezeka ndipo amachita zinthu mopanda ulemu. Ndi chifukwa chake akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo asiya njira yophunzirira imeneyi.
Asayansi apeza njira ina ku zimphona izi - adayamba kulumikiza masensa apadera mthupi la sixgill. Chipangizocho chimathandizira kutsata kusamuka kwa anthu okhala m'nyanja yakuya, chimapereka chidziwitso chowonjezera chokhudza momwe thupi limasinthira komanso momwe ziliri. Njira imeneyi sifunikanso kuti ndi yosavuta, chifukwa choyamba muyenera kulowa pansi pamadzi ndikupeza nsombazi.
Zilombozi zimadziwika kuti zimakhala zokhazokha. Amadziwika ndi kusamuka tsiku lililonse m'mbali yamadzi. Pakhala pali vuto la kudya anzawo, pomwe achikulire athanzi amenya achibale awo odwala kapena omwe mwangozi adakodwa mumsampha wosodza. Sharki wamkulu wa diso lalikulu sixgill shark sakhala wofala kwambiri kuposa imvi yosalala sixgill shark. Pachifukwa ichi, momwe amakhalira komanso mawonekedwe ake oswana sanaphunzire.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Grey sixgill shark
Zimphona zisanu ndi chimodzi za gill ndi ovoviviparous. Nyengo, mkazi amatha kubereka avareji ya shaki 50-60, koma pali milandu pamene chiwerengero chawo chinafika zana kapena kuposerapo. Zimadziwika kuti kupulumuka kwa nyama zazing'ono ndi 90 peresenti, chomwe ndichizindikiro chachikulu. Zimadziwika kuti nsombazi zimabereka ana 4 mpaka 10 ndipo kupulumuka kwawo ndi 60% yokha.
Anthu amakula msinkhu pakadutsa mamita awiri. Pambuyo pa umuna, mazirawo amapitilira kukula mkati mwa thupi lachikazi m'chipinda chapadera cha ana, kulandira chakudya choyenera kuchokera mu yolk sac. Ndizovuta kwambiri kudziwa tsogolo la nyama zazing'ono, chifukwa chake njira zenizeni zakukula kwa nsombazi sizikudziwika kwa akatswiri azamoyo. Pali lingaliro lakuti poyamba, achinyamata amakhala pafupi ndi madzi, komwe kusaka kumakhala kothandiza kwambiri. Akamakula, amatsikira pansi kwambiri. Achinyamata akulemera mofulumira.
Chosangalatsa: Pansi pa Nyanja ya Mediterranean, pansi penipeni, mumapezeka maenje ambiri, omwe amatha kufikira mamita 2-3 mozama. Akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo amakhulupirira kuti izi ndi zina mwa nsomba za sixgill zomwe zimasaka nyama zazikuluzikulu.
Adani achilengedwe a sixgill shark
Chithunzi: Giant sixgill shark
Ngakhale zili zazikulu komanso nsagwada zowopsa, ngakhale zimphona zakale izi zili ndi adani awo. Amatha kugwidwa ndi gulu la anamgumi opha, omwe amasiyanitsidwa osati kokha ndi mphamvu zawo zazikulu ndi mano akuthwa, komanso luso lawo lapadera. Anangumi opha amatha kuukira kuchokera mbali zingapo nthawi yomweyo ndi gulu lonselo.
Akuluakulu samakonda kuwagwira, nthawi zambiri amaukira nyama zazing'ono. Anangumi opha amatha kudabwa ndikuthawa nsagwada zowopsa za sixgill wosachedwa. Chifukwa chakuti nsombazi zimangokwera pamwamba usiku kokha kwa maola angapo, zolusa ziwirizi sizimakumana pafupipafupi.
Nsomba wamba ya hedgehog ikhoza kukhala yoopsa kwa chimphona champhamvu. Popeza nsomba za njala zimatha kugwira chilichonse, nthawi zina nsomba zothwanima, zotupa kumayang'ana mpira, zimakhala nyama yawo. Misana ya nyama imeneyi inavulaza kwambiri nsombazi. Nyamayo imatha kufa ndi njala kapena matenda akulu.
Zochita zaumunthu zimakhudzanso thanzi la nsomba zisanachitike. Pali nthawi zina pamene anthu okhala m'nyanja akameza zinyalala, zomwe zimayandama kwambiri m'nyanja zonse zapadziko lapansi. Pamene nyanja zaipitsidwa, kuchuluka kwa nkhanu, mitundu ina ya nsomba, zomwe ndizomwe zimakonda kudya sikisi, zimachepa.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Sixgill shark
Ngakhale kuti mitsempha ya sixgill imasiyanitsidwa ndi kupulumuka kwapadera komanso kubereka, adani ochepa m'malo awo achilengedwe, kuchuluka kwawo kumangosinthasintha, amakhala okhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuwedza mopitirira muyeso. Udindo wa mitunduyi uli pafupi kuwopsezedwa kapena pali chiopsezo chakutha posachedwa. Komabe, nsombazi ndizosodzabe komanso kusodza masewera m'maiko angapo, kuphatikiza aku Europe. Chiwerengero chenicheni cha zolengedwa izi sichingadziwike chifukwa chapadera pa moyo wawo wachinsinsi.
Chosangalatsa: M'mayiko ena aku America, nyama za zimphona zam'madzi zimasuta, ku Italy amakonza chakudya chapadera pamsika waku Europe. Kuphatikiza apo, nyama ya shark-gill zisanu ndi chimodzi imathiridwa mchere, kuzizira, kuyanika, kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nsomba ndi kudyetsa ziweto zambiri.
Pofuna kuteteza anthu okhala ndi nsombazi, m'pofunika kukhazikitsa njira zowonongera anthu. Ndi kupha nsomba mopitirira muyeso, manambala awo amachira kwanthawi yayitali, chifukwa ndi okhawo omwe kukula kwake kwaposa 2 mita amatha kubereka. Ndikofunikanso kuwunika momwe madzi akuwonera m'nyanja zam'mlengalenga. Pokhala nyama yodya nyama yakuya kwambiri, sitimayo imasiyidwa yopanda zakudya ndipo imakakamizidwa kukhutira ndi zovunda zokha.
Sixgill shark akukhala m'madzi a m'nyanja zapadziko lapansi kuyambira nthawi ya ma dinosaurs mpaka nthawi zathu zakhala zikutsika osasintha. Zikungodziwika kuti zaka mamiliyoni zapitazo kukula kwake kunali kochititsa chidwi kwambiri. Kukumana nawo m'malo awo achilengedwe ndichabwino kwambiri kwa osunthira, omwe mosakayikira adzakumbukiridwa kwa moyo wonse.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 12/26/2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 11.09.2019 pa 23:36
