Mukayatsa malingaliro anu ndikutenga mbalame zokongola kapena zochepa zokongola pampikisano wokongola, ndiye kuti pali mwayi waukulu kuti wopambana pakati pawo akhale buluu wabuluu... Ndipo chifukwa chakuti mbalameyi ili ndi mawonekedwe owala kwambiri komanso odabwitsa okhala ndi nthenga zotuwa pathupi, mapiko owoneka buluu ndi mchira, komanso chipewa chakuda pamutu pake. Makhalidwe onsewa amapangitsa anthu kuganiza kuti magpie abuluu ndiye mbalame yachisangalalo yomwe sianthu onse omwe amatha kuwona.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Blue Magpie
Mbalame yotchedwa blue magpie (Cyanopica cyana) ndi mbalame yodziwika bwino yomwe ndi ya banja "Makungu" (Corvidae), kunja kofananako ndi magpie wamba (wakuda ndi oyera) kupatula kukula kocheperako pang'ono komanso mawonekedwe amtundu wowoneka bwino kwambiri.
Kutalika kwake kwa thupi kumafika masentimita 35, mapiko ake ndi masentimita 45, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi magalamu 76-100. Monga tanenera kale, mwa mawonekedwe ndi malamulo, magpie abuluu amafanana ndi magpie wamba, kupatula kuti thupi lawo, milomo ndi zikhomo ndizofupikitsa.
Kanema: Blue Magpie
Nthenga za kumtunda kwa mutu wa mbalame, kumbuyo kwa mutu wake komanso mbali ina yozungulira maso ndi yakuda. Chifuwa chapamwamba ndi mmero ndizoyera. Kumbuyo kwake kwa magpie kumakhala kofiirira kapena koyera beige wokhala ndi utoto pang'ono wakuda. Nthenga pamapiko ndi mchira zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe azure kapena owala buluu. Mchira wa mbalameyo ndiwotalika - masentimita 19 mpaka 20. Mlomo, ngakhale ndi waufupi, ndi wolimba. Ma paw ndi ofupikiranso, akuda.
Nthenga za buluu pamapiko ndi mchira zimanyezimira komanso zimawala padzuwa. Kuwala kosauka (madzulo) kapena nyengo yamitambo, kuwala kumatha, ndipo mbalame imakhala imvi komanso yosadziwika. Kumtchire, nyani wagalu amakhala zaka 10-12. Mu ukapolo, moyo wake ungakhale wautali. Mbalameyi ndi yosavuta kuweta ndikuphunzitsa.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Kodi magpie abuluu amawoneka bwanji
Magpie abuluu ndi mbalame yayikulu pang'ono kuposa nyenyezi. Koyamba, amafanana kwambiri ndi magpie wamba akuda ndi oyera. Mwakuwoneka, imasiyana ndi abale ake ndi chipewa chakuda chonyezimira pamutu pake, thupi lakuda kapena lofiirira, mchira wowala wabuluu ndi mapiko. Pakhosi, masaya, pachifuwa ndi nsonga ya mchira wa mbalame ndi yoyera, pamimba penapake pamakhala mdima wokhala ndi zokutira zofiirira, mlomo ndi miyendo yakuda.
Mapiko a magpie abuluu ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi banja la khwangwala, koma mtundu wa nthenga zawo ndiwachilendo - wowala buluu kapena azure, wowala, wowala padzuwa ndi mdima, pafupifupi wowonekera pang'ono. Ndi chifukwa cha ichi kuti magpie abuluu adadziwika. M'nthano zambiri zakale, magpie abuluu amatchedwa bluebird wachimwemwe. Achinyamata agalu amtundu wa buluu amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe achikulire ali ndi zaka 4-5.
Agalu anyani abulu amakonda kucheza kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri samauluka okha, koma nthawi zonse amayesetsa kukhala pagulu lalikulu ndikupewa anthu. Ndi zizolowezi zawo, zizolowezi zawo ndi mawonekedwe awo, ndizofanana kwambiri ndi magpies wamba - osamala, anzeru, omwe, samawalepheretsa nthawi zina kuti achite chidwi.
Kodi magpie abulu amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Magpie a buluu ku Russia
Agalu a buluu amakhala pafupifupi kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia konse. Chigawo chonse cha malowa ndi pafupifupi 10 miliyoni mita lalikulu. Km. International Union of Ornithologists imakonda kusiyanitsa mitundu isanu ndi iwiri ya mbalamezi zomwe zimakhala ku Mongolia (kumpoto chakum'mawa) ndi zigawo 7 ku China, Japan ndi Korea, Manchuria, ndi Hong Kong. Ku Russia, pali anthu makumi anayi ku Far East, ku Transbaikalia (zigawo zakumwera).
Ma subspecies achisanu ndi chitatu a magpies abuluu - Cyanopica cyana cooki ali ndi gawo lotsutsana ndipo amakhala ku Iberia (Iberian) Peninsula (Portugal, Spain). M'zaka zaposachedwa, mbalameyi idawonekeranso ku Germany.
M'zaka zapitazi, asayansi amakhulupirira kuti magpie adabweretsa ku Europe ndi oyendetsa sitima aku Portugal m'zaka za zana la 16. Mu 2000, zotsalira za mbalamezi zoposa 40 zikwi zakubadwa zidapezeka pachilumba cha Gibraltar. Izi zidatsutsa kwathunthu malingaliro omwe akhala akukhala nawo kwakanthawi. Mu 2002, ofufuza ochokera ku Institute of Genetics ku University of Nottingham adapeza kusiyana kwa majini pakati pa anyani agalu abuluu omwe amapezeka ku Asia ndi Europe.
Chosangalatsa: Nyengo yachisanu isanayambike, magpies abuluu anali ofala kwambiri m'chigawo chamakono cha Eurasia ndipo amayimira mtundu umodzi.
Agalu a buluu amakonda kukhala m'nkhalango, amakonda masifupa okhala ndi mitengo yayitali, koma ndikubwera kwachitukuko amatha kupezeka m'minda ndi m'mapaki, m'nkhalango zazikulu za bulugamu. Ku Ulaya, mbalameyi imakhazikika m'nkhalango za coniferous, m'nkhalango za oak, m'minda ya azitona.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe magpie abuluu amapezeka. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe amadya.
Kodi magpie abuluu amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Magpie a Blue akuthawa
Pazakudya, anyani amtundu wa buluu samakonda kwambiri ndipo amawoneka ngati mbalame zodabwitsa. Nthawi zambiri amadya zipatso zosiyanasiyana, kubzala mbewu, mtedza, ma acorn. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zomwe mbalame zimakonda kwambiri ndi maamondi, chifukwa chake amatha kuwonekera nthawi zambiri m'minda kapena minda momwe muli mitengo yambiri ya amondi.
Zakudya zotchuka makumi anayi ndi izi:
- tizilombo tosiyanasiyana;
- nyongolotsi;
- mbozi;
- makoswe ang'onoang'ono;
- amphibiya.
Amphaka amasaka makoswe ndi amphibiya pansi, ndipo tizilombo timagwidwa bwino kwambiri muudzu, pamitengo ya mitengo, kapena timachotsedwa pansi pa khungwa mothandizidwa ndi milomo yawo ndikuthyola mphasa.
Chosangalatsa: Kwa magpie abuluu, komanso achibale ake akuda ndi oyera, mawonekedwe ngati kuba ndiwodziwika kwambiri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mbalame zimatha kubera msampha kapena msampha wina, komanso nsomba za msodzi.
M'nyengo yozizira, pakakhala mbewu zochepa kwambiri komanso nyama zodyedwa m'nkhalango, agulugufe a buluu amatha kukumba kwanthawi yayitali m'mitsuko yazinyalala komanso m'malo otayira zinyalala posaka zakudya. Kumeneko, chakudya chawo chimatha kutayidwa mkate, tchizi, zidutswa za nsomba ndi nyama. Nthawi zovuta kwambiri, agalu agalu samanyoza zakufa. Amphaka, pamodzi ndi mbalame zina, amatha kukhala alendo odyetsa pafupipafupi, omwe amakonzedwa kuti awathandize kukhalabe m'nyengo yozizira.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Mbalame ya blue magpie
Agalu a buluu ali ndi mawu omveka bwino, chifukwa chake kuwonjezeka kwa iwo ndizofala. Mbalame zimakhala moyo wodekha komanso wobisalira pakakhala chisa ndi kudyetsa ana. Agalu amakonda kukhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, omwe kuchuluka kwake kumatengera nyengo. Mwachitsanzo, kuyambira nthawi yophukira mpaka masika ndi ma 20-25 awiriawiri, ndipo nthawi yotentha - ma peyala 8-10 okha. Kuphatikiza apo, mtunda pakati pa zisa zawo ndi wocheperako - mita 120-150, ndipo ziweto zina zimatha kukhala moyandikana - pamtengo womwewo.
Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, agalu agalu amtambo samakonda kulumikizana kwambiri. Komabe, munthawi zowopsa, agalu amasiyanitsidwa ndi kuthandizana modabwitsa. Mobwerezabwereza panali zochitika pamene mbalame zamagulu zomwe zimakhala ndi nkhonya komanso nkhondo zimathamangitsa nyama yolusa (nkhwangwa, mphaka wamtchire, lynx) kuchokera pachisa cha gulu la anzawo, pafupifupi kutulutsa maso ake.
Anthu nawonso amachita izi. Munthu akafika kudera lawo, ntchentche zimalira, zimayamba kumuzungulira ndipo zimatha kumwetulira m'mutu. Agalu akuda amtundu woyenda komanso amangokhala. Pankhaniyi, zonse zimatengera malo okhala, kupezeka kwa chakudya ndi nyengo. Mwachitsanzo, m'nyengo yozizira kwambiri, amatha kusamukira kummwera kuchokera ku 200-300 km.
Chosangalatsa: Chifukwa cha chidwi chawo chakuba, agalu agulu abulu nthawi zambiri amagwera mumisampha yoyesera kutulutsa nyambo.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Agalu agalu amtambo
Nyengo yakumasirana mu njovu zamtambo imayamba kumapeto kwa dzinja. Kuvina kwawo kokwatirana nthawi zambiri kumachitika pansi kapena panthambi zazitali zamitengo. Nthawi yomweyo, amuna amasonkhana m'magulu akulu, kuwonetsa kukhalapo kwawo ndikulira kwakukulu. Pokondana, yamphongo, ikuphwanya mchira wake ndi mapiko ake, ikugwedeza mutu wake mwamphamvu, imayenda mozungulira chachikazi, ikudziwonetsera muulemerero wake wonse ndikuwonetsa chidwi chake.
Chosangalatsa: Mabanja makumi anayi amasankhidwa pamoyo wawo wonse.
Banja limamanga chisa limodzi, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zonse izi:
- nthambi zazing'ono zowuma;
- singano;
- udzu wouma;
- moss.
Kuchokera mkati, mbalame zimakhalira chisa ndi aliyense: pansi, tsitsi la nyama, nsanza, timapepala tating'ono. Mbalame sizigwiritsanso ntchito zisa zawo zakale, koma nthawi zonse zimamanga zatsopano. Nthawi zambiri chisa chimayikidwa mu korona wa mtengo panthambi yayikulu yolimba ya 5-15, ndikukwera bwino. Kuya kwake ndi 8-10 cm, m'mimba mwake ndi 25-30 cm.
Akazi amaikira mazira koyambirira kwa Juni. Mu gulu limodzi la magpies abuluu, nthawi zambiri pamakhala mazira amtundu wa 6-8 beige osasintha, kukula kwa zinziri kapena zokulirapo. Amayi amawasakaniza masiku 14-17, okhutira ndi zopereka zanthawi zonse kuchokera kwa okwatirana. Komanso, amuna panthawiyi amagwira ntchito yoyeretsa azimayi, kunyamula zimbudzi zazimayi kutali ndi zisa zawo. Anapiye amaswa mwamtendere. Amadzaza ndi mdima wandiweyani ndipo milomo yawo siyachikasu, monga anapiye ambiri, koma ofiira-ofiira.
Chosangalatsa: Agalu agulu amadyetsa anapiye awo 6 pa ola, kapena kangapo.
Kufika kwa makolo ndi chakudya (tizilombo tating'ono, mbozi, nyongolotsi, midges) anapiye nthawi zonse amapatsa moni mokweza. Ngati chiwopsezo chochepa chimawonekera, ndiye pamawu a makolo, anapiyewo amatha msanga. Anapiye amachoka pachisa ali ndi zaka 3-4 masabata. Poyamba zimauluka moyipa kwambiri chifukwa cha mapiko awo ang'onoang'ono ndi mchira wake wamfupi. Pachifukwa ichi, anapiye amakhala pafupi ndi chisa pafupifupi milungu iwiri, ndipo makolo awo amawadyetsa nthawi yonseyi. Ali ndi miyezi 4-5, achinyamata amakhala ndi mtundu wachikulire, koma poyamba anapiye amawoneka akuda kuposa anzawo achikulire.
Adani achilengedwe a ntchentche zamtambo
Chithunzi: Kodi magpie abuluu amawoneka bwanji
Agalu anyani abuluu ndi mbalame zosamala kwambiri, koma chizolowezi chawo chobera nthawi zambiri chimaseka nawo. Chomwe chimachitika ndikuti poyesera kuba nyambo pamsampha kapena msampha womwe asaka amatenga, mbalame nthawi zambiri zimazigwira zokha.
Kuphatikiza apo, mbalame yomwe imagwidwa mumsampha ndi mphepo ya mphaka wamtchire, mphaka ndi zina zazikazi. Komanso, zilombozi zimatha kuwononga zisa makumi anayi kuti zizidya mazira atsopano kapena anapiye ang'onoang'ono. Pouluka, ntchentche zamtambo zimatha kusakidwa ndi akabawi, ziwombankhanga, ziwombankhanga, akhungubwe, akadzidzi a mphungu, akadzidzi akulu.
Kwa anapiye omwe sanasiye chisa ndipo sanaphunzire kuuluka bwino, martens, weasels ndi njoka zazikulu (kumadera otentha) zimawopsa. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake owoneka bwino komanso luso lophunzirira mwachangu, agalu agulu a buluu ndi chinthu chofunidwa kwambiri m'masitolo ogulitsa ziweto. Chifukwa cha ichi, amagwidwa makamaka makamaka ndipo nthawi zambiri amavulala.
Pali zabwino zina m'moyo wamndende wa anyani abuluu. Mwachitsanzo, ngati m'chilengedwe mbalame nthawi zambiri zimakhala zaka 10-12, ndiye kuti nthawi ya moyo wawo imakhala kawiri. Ndi agalu okhawo omwe sanganene ngati angafunike moyo wabwino, wopanda mavuto komanso wathanzi popanda kutambasula mapiko awo ndikuuluka kulikonse komwe angafune?
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Blue Magpie
Magpie a buluu ndi chitsanzo cha zoogeographic. Chifukwa chiyani? Kungoti dera lomwe amagawa limagawika m'magulu awiri, omwe amakhala patali kwambiri (9000 km).
Nthawi yomweyo, imodzi ili ku Europe (kumwera chakumadzulo) ku Iberia (Iberia) Peninsula (1 subspecies), ndipo inayo, yochulukirapo, ku Southeast Asia (7 subspecies). Maganizo a asayansi pankhaniyi adagawanika ndipo ena amakhulupirira kuti nthawi yamaphunziro apamwamba malo okhala magpie abuluu adaphimba gawo lonselo kuyambira kunyanja ya Mediterranean mpaka kum'mawa kwa Asia. Ice Age idapangitsa kugawidwa kwa anthu kukhala magawo awiri.
Malinga ndi lingaliro lina, amakhulupirira kuti anthu aku Europe sianthu am'deralo, koma adabweretsedwa kumtunda zaka zoposa 300 zapitazo ndi oyendetsa sitima aku Portugal. Komabe, malingaliro awa akukayikira kwambiri, popeza European subspecies ya blue magpies idafotokozedwa koyambirira kwa 1830, ndipo kale panthawiyo inali ndi kusiyana kwakukulu ndi ma subspecies ena.
Izi zidatsimikiziridwa ndi kafukufuku watsopano wamitundu ya anthu aku Europe, omwe adachitika mu 2002, kutsimikizira kuti akufunikirabe kupatulidwa mumtundu wina - Cyanopica cooki. Malinga ndi kafukufuku waposachedwa wa European Bird Census Council, anthu onse agalu anyani abuluu ndi ambiri, okhazikika ndipo safunika kutetezedwa.
Monga tanenera kale, buluu wabuluu ndiye munthu wamkulu m'nthano zam'mayiko ambiri. Kuyambira kale, makolo athu amakhulupirira kuti ngati munthu amatha kuwona mbalame ya buluu kamodzi pa moyo wake, kuigwira, ndiye kuti chisangalalo ndi mwayi zidzakhala naye nthawi zonse. Tsopano chinyengo ichi ndichakale kwambiri, popeza okonda nyama zakutchire adziwa kale kuti mbalame yotere imakhala mdziko lenileni ndipo alibe chochita ndi chisangalalo komanso kukwaniritsidwa kwa zikhumbo.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 12/20/2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 09/10/2019 pa 20:16
