Efa njoka - woimira banja la njoka. Ndi m'modzi mwa njoka 10 zoopsa kwambiri padziko lapansi. Ndipo ndiyonso nthumwi yokhayo yamitundu yomwe idakhala m'dera lakale la USSR. Mbali yapadera ya f-hole ndi kuthamanga kwake komanso mwamphamvu, kulimba mtima. Amatha kuwukira mdani wokulirapo. Komanso, njokayo ili ndi mawonekedwe achilendo komanso njira yamoyo yomwe ndi yachilendo kwa zokwawa zina.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Efa njoka
Efa ndi membala wa banja lamanjoka, koma ngakhale pakati pa njoka izi ndizoopsa komanso zakupha. Amakhala makamaka m'malo opanda anthu. Mtunduwu nthawi zambiri umatchulidwa mwatsatanetsatane ngati ma Sandy fles. Izi zikuphatikiza mitundu yonse ya 9. Iwo samasiyana kwenikweni, koma pali zina.
Nthawi zambiri zimapezeka: Central Asia ndi variegated. Amakhulupirira kuti Central Asia Efa anali woyimira woyamba kubadwa. Mwa njira, ndiye yayikulu kwambiri. Koma variegated nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'mchipululu cha Africa, posankha gawo lakumpoto kwa kontrakitala.
Video: Njoka efa
Mitunduyi imapezeka kwambiri ku Egypt. Ngakhale motley imasinthidwa moyo wonse ngakhale kutentha kwa madigiri 50, imakondabe kupita kukasaka usiku m'malo ovuta chonchi. Kumadzulo, m'mbuyomu, efu sinasankhidwe ngati mtundu wina, kuyitcha kuti Carpet (Scaled) Viper.
Chosangalatsa: Efa imatha kusintha mtundu wake, kutengera malo omwe amakhala.
Pafupifupi zaka zoyembekezera za oimira mitundu iyi m'chilengedwe ndi zaka 10-12. Efa ndi imodzi mwa njoka zoopsa kwambiri. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, anthu 6 aliwonse omwe alumidwa ndi ephae amamwalira. Komanso, ngati titenga ziwerengero zakufa kwa anthu kuchokera kulumidwa ndi njoka, ndiye kuti pali 1 mwa 7 mwa iwo omwe alumidwa ndi efoy.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Kodi efa njoka imawoneka bwanji
Ephs ndi zokwawa zapakatikati. Kawirikawiri kutalika kwa njokayo sikupitirira masentimita 60, koma nthawi zambiri mumatha kupeza oimira mpaka masentimita 75. Amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala okulirapo pang'ono kuposa akazi.
Popeza Efa amakhala nthawi yayitali m'malo am'chipululu, izi zimasiya mawonekedwe pa mawonekedwe ake. Aliyense amadziwa kuti nthawi zambiri nthumwi za nyama zimakhala ndi mtundu womwe ungawathandize kubisala, kuphatikiza ndi dziko lowazungulira. Ichi ndichifukwa chake matani opepuka amapezekanso mu mtundu wa efy, pang'ono wokhala ndi utoto wagolide.
Komanso, njokayo ili ndi mawonekedwe angapo akunja:
- mikwingwirima yokhotakhota imapanga chithunzi m'mbali;
- mawanga oyera kapena oyera imvi amakongoletsa kumbuyo ndi kumutu. Mwa njira, mthunzi wawo umadalira dera lomwe njokayo imakhala;
- mimba imakhala yachikasu. Koma timadontho tating'onoting'ono titha kutsegulidwanso, pamapeto pake timapanga mikwingwirima;
- ena amatha kuona mtanda pamitu yawo ngati ayang'ana njokayo momveka bwino kuchokera kumwamba.
Zonsezi zowoneka bwino zimathandiza kuti efe ikhale yosazindikirika mwachilengedwe momwe ingathere komanso adani. Thupi lonse la njoka lakutidwa ndi masikelo. Kumbuyo kwake, ali ndi nthiti zosiyana kwambiri zomwe zimatuluka kwambiri. M'mbali, zili m'mizere 4-5, yolunjika pakona kutsika. Apa, nthiti zawo zili kale ndi mawonekedwe osanjikiza.
Koma mdera la mchira, masikelo ndi otenga nthawi. Apa ali mu mzere umodzi wokha. Malo ofunikira amiyeso amafunikira zokwawa zonse ndi cholinga chokhacho chowongolera kutentha kwa thupi. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka kwa anthu okhala nyengo yotentha yotereyi.
Chosangalatsa: Chodziwika bwino cha mitunduyi ndi njira yosangalatsa yosunthira. Efa amasunthira chammbali. Pachiyambi pomwe, mutu umaponyedwa mwachangu patsogolo, pambuyo pake njokayo idanyamula kale chammbali, ndikuponyera kumbuyo kwa thupi patsogolo. Pamapeto pake, thupi lonse lakhazikika kale. Chifukwa cha izi, mikwingwirima yokongola imatsalira pamchenga, ndikupanga mtundu winawake.
Kodi njoka ya efa imakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Efa njoka mchipululu
Aefs amakonda nyengo zowuma komanso zotentha kwambiri. Ndi chifukwa chake ali ochulukirapo makamaka m'zipululu za Africa. Indonesia ndi South Asia amakhalanso ndi njoka izi, koma osati zowopsa. Mwa njira, amapezekanso pang'ono ku Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan. Pano pali mtundu wosiyana - Central Asia Efa. Ndiye yekhayo amene akuyimira mtundu uwu wa njoka zomwe zidapezeka kudera la USSR.
Poterepa, mulimonsemo, muyenera kusamala. Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa njoka zotere kumakhala koopsa kwa anthu. Ndikoyenera kumvetsetsa kuti efa samangokhala pamalo amodzi nthawi yayitali. Amakonda kukhala paulendo momwe angathere, kusunthira pafupipafupi. Ndizosatheka kuzindikira nthawi iliyonse yasunthidwe yamtunduwu, popeza imayenda chaka chonse.
A Efs ndi odzichepetsa kwambiri kunyengoyi ndipo amatha kupitiliza kukhala otentha mpaka madigiri 50 ndi chikwangwani chowonjezera. Ngakhale kutsika kwakukulu kwa kutentha sikuwapangitsa kuti azitha kugona kapena kukhala m'malo amodzi kwanthawi yayitali. Nthawi yomweyo, sikuti ndi zipululu zokha zomwe zidasankhidwa ndi ff. Amakondanso dera lamapiri ndi nkhalango zowirira.
Mamembala ena am'banja la eff amakonda kudera lamapiri kapena zigwa zamiyala. Popeza efa ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, sikungakhale kovuta kuti iye adutse ngakhale kakhonde kakang'ono kuti akhazikike m'malo obisika. Komabe, monga ziwerengero, Efa amakonda malo ndi tchire wandiweyani.
Pali zifukwa zingapo izi nthawi imodzi:
- kawirikawiri madera amenewa amakhala ndi chakudya chambiri. Ndikosavuta kuzipeza pano kuposa mchipululu kapena m'mapiri;
- m'dera loterolo kumakhala kosavuta kusaka, chifukwa kumakhala kosavuta kukhala osadziwika ndipo motero kuyandikira wovulalayo;
- anthu nthawi zambiri amakhala osowa kwambiri kuno. Ngakhale anali wolimba mtima, efa imakondabe kukhala kutali ndi maso aanthu, m'malo momenya nkhondo.
Koma mulimonsemo, samadzipangira okha malo otere, posankha kuti azingokhala m'malo obisika ngati kuli kofunikira. Kupatula kokha ndi nthawi yomwe amakhala ndi ana.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe njoka ya efa imapezeka. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe amadya.
Kodi efa njoka amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Njoka ya poizoni efa
Efa ikuyenda nthawi yayitali. Ngakhale atadya chakudya chabwino, samachedwetsa. Ndiye chifukwa chake zimakhala zosavuta kwa iye kupeza chakudya. Amatha kuyenda maulendo ataliatali ndikudzipezera chakudya chokoma m'malo atsopano. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwake modabwitsa, nthawi zambiri kumakhala kosavuta kugwira nyama.
Efa akhoza kudya chakudya chilichonse chomwe chingagwire. Bugs, centipedes, dzombe ndi tizilombo tina timapanga maziko a zakudya za Efa. Koma izi zimangokhudza achinyamata komanso njoka zazing'ono. Akuluakulu amakonda makoswe ngakhale anapiye, abuluzi ang'onoang'ono. Izi zimawapatsa iwo kukhutitsa kwanthawi yayitali ndikuchotsa kufunikira kofunafuna chakudya.
Nthawi zambiri njoka zimakonda kusaka usiku. Izi ndizowona makamaka masiku otentha a chilimwe. Kenako Efa imadikirira kutentha kwa dzenje, ndikupita kukasaka usiku. Popeza njoka zimatha kuwona bwino mumdima, sizovuta kuyenda bwinobwino mderalo posaka nyama. Koma nthawi yonseyi, Efa imatha kukhala ndi moyo wofananira nthawi iliyonse, osasiya kusaka masana.
Njoka yaying'ono ingameze nyama yonse, yomwe ndi yabwino kwambiri. Koma ngati wovulalayo ndi wamkulu kwambiri kapena angathe kulimbana, ndiye kuti njokayo imayimitsa kaye ndi poyizoni, kenako nkuidya. Usiku, Efa nthawi zambiri amakonda kusaka mbewa ndi makoswe ena ang'onoang'ono.
Chosangalatsa: Efa ndiyowopsa kotero kuti imatha kusaka ngakhale zinkhanira.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Njoka yamchenga efa
Zokwawa zambiri zimakonda kugawa tsiku lawo m'magawo awiri: kupumula ndi kusaka. Koma izi sizachilendo kwa Efe: njokayo imagwiranso ntchito masana komanso usiku. Ngakhale atadya bwino, Efe safunika kupumula - atha kumangoyenda pang'ono. Kupanda kutero, zochitika zake sizisintha.
Efa sichitha. M'nyengo yozizira, akupitiliza kukhala ndi moyo wofanana. Chifukwa chake, mwa njira, sichimakhala mthupi la njoka mokha. Amangokhala kumadera kumene nyengo yozizira yozizira nthawi zambiri samachitika. Ndicho chifukwa chake kagayidwe kake ka thupi sikasintha mwanjira iliyonse. Ngati, komabe, Efe ayenera kudikirira chisanu, ndiye kuti amasankha kusankha mink kapena chinsinsi. Koma pakadali pano, sadzabisala, koma angochepetsa pang'ono mayendedwe ake ndikukana kuyenda maulendo ataliatali.
Ndi masika okha pomwe njoka imadzilola kuti ichepetse pang'ono ndikukhala padzuwa mutadya pang'ono. Kwa anthu, efa ndi ngozi ina. Ngati simupereka thandizo munthawi yake, ndiye kuti mutha kufa mwachangu komanso mopweteka. Poizoni yemwe ali ndi poyizoni wake amayamba kuwononga maselo amwazi mwachangu. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa seramu kumafunika mwachangu.
Efa mwamtheradi saopa anthu. Amatha kukhazikika mu kabati kapena malo ena aliwonse mnyumbamo. Woyamba nthawi zambiri amaukira. Ndiye chifukwa chake muyenera kukhala osamala makamaka pafupi ndi malo omwe njokazi zimakhalira. Efa ndi mgulu la njoka zoyipa kwambiri, ndichifukwa chake nthawi zambiri amakonda kuphedwa ngati atakhazikika pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu.
Chifukwa chake ndiukali kwambiri. Ngakhale akatswiri ena amati Efa imangowukira ngati yasokonezedwa, izi sizowona. Nthawi zambiri amawonetsa udani popanda chifukwa ndipo amatha kuukira koyamba, ndikupanga kulumpha kwa mita 1-1.5 Kuphatikiza apo, amayenda mwachangu kwambiri, zomwe zimamupangitsa kukhala wowopsa kwambiri.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Efa njoka
Aefs ndi njoka zokha. Komabe, monga mitundu ina yambiri. Amakonda kukhala moyo wawokha ndipo amalumikizana nthawi yokhwima. Nthawi yonseyi, amasankha mabowo mwakufuna kwawo, osayang'ana ena. Ngakhale malo ena ali ofanana kwa ambiri, ndi chifukwa cha nyengo yabwino kapena zina zilizonse, koma osati chifukwa choti anthuwo asankha kukhala limodzi.
Efa ndi gulu la njoka viviparous. Kukhathamira nthawi zambiri kumachitika mu Januware, ndipo njoka zazing'ono zimabadwa mu Marichi. Nthawi yomweyo, kuvina kwakulumikizana kwa njoka kumayambira koyambirira kwenikweni kwa dzinja. Efa imatha kubereka ana 3-15 nthawi imodzi, yomwe kuyambira pachiyambi imakhala ndi moyo wokangalika. Kutalika kwakuthupi kwa nthumwi za ana obadwa kumene sikuposa masentimita 15.
Achinyamata amakula mwachangu ndipo posachedwa amafika masentimita 60. Nthawi yakukhwima, Efa amawasamalira mwachangu, amawaphunzitsa kuwasaka ndi kuwadyetsa. Mwa njira, nthawi zambiri, njoka zimatha kupanga mtundu wamabanja, kenako wamwamuna ndi wamkazi amatha kusamalira anawo mpaka atha msinkhu.
Ngakhale efa ndipo amatanthauza viviparous, koma osati nyama. Pachifukwa ichi, njoka siyidyetsa ana akhanda ndi mkaka. Kuyambira pachiyambi, amayamba kudya chakudya chofanana ndi cha akulu. Pachifukwa ichi, amayi amawapatsa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Posachedwa amayamba kusaka mwakhama ndikupeza nyama yaying'ono paokha.
Chosangalatsa: Ngakhale milomo yakupha itachotsedwa mu ukapolo, njoka zobadwa kumenezo zitha kukhala zowopsa, chifukwa zidzakhala nazo.
Adani achilengedwe a epha
Chithunzi: Momwe efa njoka amaonekera
Chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri, efa ili ndi adani ochepa mwachilengedwe. Ambiri amatcha mdani wamkuluyo munthu amene akufuna kufafaniza anthu omwe angakhale oopsa. Koma makamaka, mwachilengedwe, efu imakumananso ndi zoopsa. Makamaka, nthawi zina abuluzi komanso olimba, njoka zazikulu (mwachitsanzo, mphiri) zitha kuwononga eff.
Chosangalatsa: Nthawi zambiri azimayi amadyetsana.
Nthawi zonse, ndikosavuta kuti njoka ingothamanga kapena kukankhira mdani moyenerera. Koma panthawi yomwe kutentha kwakukulu kumadziwika, Ephs amakhala olema kwambiri ndipo sangathenso kuyankha moyenera. Pakadali pano, akadzidzi amatha kukhala owopsa kwa iwo, ndipo akawoloka ndi anyani, nawonso. Mbalame zimenya mutu kapena chiwindi ndi milomo yawo. Nthawi yomweyo, sanayese konse njokayo. Palinso milandu yodziwika pomwe mbalame zimangoluma mchira wa njoka.
Mavu ndi nyerere ndizowopsa makamaka kwa njoka zotopa kapena zazing'ono kwambiri. Amatha kuukira njokayo, kuluma pakhungu ndikupweteketsa zilonda zazing'ono, koma zazikulu. Njokayo ikakhala yofooka kwambiri, imathira nkhondo mochuluka, choyambirira ikalowa mkamwa ndi m'maso mwa chokwawa. Pomaliza pake, nyerere zimatha kutafuna njokayo moti mafupa amodzi okha atsala. Mwachilengedwe, ma mole vole amathanso kuvulaza kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri imatseka dzenje labowo pomwe pamakhala njokayo. Zotsatira zake, chokwawa chimatsamwa.
Chosangalatsa: Ngati ngozi ikafika pa efe, imatha kubisala mumchenga mwachangu kwambiri kotero kuti imawoneka ngati ikumira.
Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti posachedwapa, nthawi zambiri amakonda kusunga eff mu ukapolo, popeza kale anali atachotsa poizoni wakupha. Pansi pa izi, amphaka wamba ndi owopsa pamitundu iyi ya njoka. Amatha kumenya njokayo pamutu mwamphamvu ndi mphamvu, kenako ndikumuluma m'khosi.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Njoka ya poizoni efa
Efa ali mgulu la njoka, zomwe nthawi zonse zimawonongedwa. Chifukwa chake ndichoti ndi chowopsa kwa anthu. Nthawi yomweyo, pakadali pano, pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya njoka zowopsa zimatha kutetezedwa ndi boma.
Efa ndi gulu la njoka, zomwe zimapatsidwa mwayi wokhala "mitundu yomwe ikuchepa mwachangu." Koma lero, ngakhale kuli koletsedwa kupha njoka, anthu akupitilizabe kuchepa. Tsopano chiwerengero chachikulu cha ef chikuwonetsedwa ku Saudi Arabia. Apa chiwerengero chawo sichikuchepa kwambiri.
Pafupifupi kulikonse, nthumwi zilizonse za banja lamanjoka zimatha kutetezedwa mwanjira yoti ndizoletsedwa kupha zokwawa izi. Koma izi sizimalepheretsa kuwonongedwa kwa njoka, osati ngakhale podziteteza. Aliyense amadziwa kuti khungu la njoka limadziwika kwambiri ngati chinthu chopangira zikwama, nsapato ndi zina. Popeza efa amadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwa njoka zokongola kwambiri, amawononga, kuphatikiza cholinga chofananacho. Njoka zochepa zimagwidwa kuti zizisungidwe m'mabwalo am'mabanja ndi m'masekisi.
Nthawi yomweyo, momwe chitukuko cha mitunduyi chidakhalira. Chifukwa chake ndikutentha. Mwambiri, kutentha padziko lapansi kumayamba kukwera. Pachifukwa ichi, kuchuluka kwa zokwawa zamitundu yonse kukuwonjezeka. Chifukwa chake, simuyenera kuda nkhawa zakusowa kwathunthu kwa anthu motero.
Ngakhale njoka efa ndi imodzi mwanjoka khumi zapoizoni kwambiri padziko lapansi, koma ndikofunikira kuteteza mtundu uwu. Amayenera kusamalidwa pazifukwa ziwiri: kukongola kwapadera komanso moyo wosiyana. Posachedwa, f-fs yakhala ikuukira anthu mocheperako, posankha kukhala kutali ndi nyumba.Komabe, mukakumana ndi njoka ngati imeneyi, muyenera kukhala osamala kwambiri, chifukwa kumakhala kovuta kuti mupulumuke ikaluma.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 11/10/2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 11.11.2019 pa 11:56
