Wosaka ndege - kachilombo komwe kamapezeka nthawi zambiri m'nkhalango kapena paki, komanso mnyumba yapadera, kanyumba kapena nyumba. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake onyansa, kukula kwake kwakukulu (monga kachilombo) komanso kuyenda mwamphamvu, cholengedwa ichi chitha kuwopseza aliyense. Komabe, tiyenera kudziwa kuti wowomberayo ndi tizilombo tomwe timakhala mwamtendere, komanso, chosangalatsa komanso choyenera kuphunzira zambiri za izi.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Flycatcher
Malinga ndi lingaliro la sayansi, wowerenga wamba (Chilatini Scutigera coleoptrata) si tizilombo konse, monga anthu wamba amakhulupirira, koma centipede. Inde, ndiko kulondola, popeza ndi a banja la nyamakazi, mtundu wawo wa centipede, mtundu wa Scutigera. Izi zikutsatira apa kuti ma centipedes si tizilombo konse, koma abale awo apamtima okha.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Pakadali pano, akatswiri a tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tikudziwa mitundu yoposa 12 sauzande, kuphatikizapo zokwiriridwa zakale zokwana 11.
Kukula kwa msodzi wouluka msinkhu kumadalira msinkhu wake ndipo kumatha kusiyanasiyana mkati mwa masentimita 3 mpaka 6. Komanso, kukula kwake kumatha kutengera malo okhala komanso kuchuluka kwa chakudya. Monga lamulo, thupi lake limakhala lofiirira lachikaso, lofiirira kapena laimvi ndi mikwingwirima yofiirira kapena yamabulu pamimba. Miyendo yambiri ya centipede imakhalanso ndi mitundu yosiyana.
Kanema: Woyendetsa ndege
Thupi la mbalameyi, mofanana ndi nyamakazi zonse, limakutidwa kuchokera pamwamba ndi chipolopolo chakunja cholimba chomwe chimachitchinjiriza ku zinthu zakunja ndi kuvulala. Exoskeleton imakhala ndi sclerotin ndi chitin. Thupi la wogwira mbalame wamkulu nthawi zambiri limagawika magawo 15, limakhala lathyathyathya komanso lalitali. Gawo lililonse lili ndi miyendo iwiri. Ndiye kuti, zikupezeka kuti chiwerengero chawo chonse ndi 30.
Ngakhale mutayang'anitsitsa wosaka ntchentche, sizidziwikiratu kuti mutu wake ndi uti. Izi zili choncho makamaka chifukwa chakuti miyendo iwiri yomaliza, mbali zonse ziwiri, ndiyotalika kwambiri ndipo imawoneka ngati masharubu. Miyendo iwiri (yomwe ili pamutu) imasiyananso ndi inayo chifukwa imagwira nsagwada zamiyendo, zomwe ndizofunikira kuti zigwire wolakwirayo panthawi yosaka, komanso kuteteza kwa adani.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Wosaka ntchentche yemwe wangobadwa kumene ali ndi miyendo 4 yokha. Pamene ikukula, ma molts angapo amapezeka, chifukwa cha zomwe otsalawo amawonekera pang'onopang'ono.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Momwe wowonera ntchentche amawonekera
Monga tanenera poyamba, wogwira mbalame wamkulu amatha kutalika kwa masentimita 6. Nthawi yomweyo, imawoneka ngati kangaude waubweya kwambiri, nyongolotsi kapena centipede. Mtundu wa thupi lake umayambira wachikaso, bulauni mpaka imvi ndi mikwingwirima yofiirira kapena yamabulu yomwe imadutsa kumbuyo kwake. Miyendo yake yayitali ilinso ndi mikwingwirima. Centipede wakhanda amakhala ndimagulu anayi okha ndi miyendo iwiri yolingana.
Wouluka ntchentcheyo ali ndi maso ang'onoting'ono awiri pamutu pake, yomwe imawathandiza kuti azitha kuona bwino kwambiri. Kumeneku kuli masharubu aatali kwambiri, omwe ali ndi zigawo zambiri, omwe kuchuluka kwawo kumatha kufikira mazana asanu ndi limodzi. Tinyanga timakhala tcheru kwambiri ndipo timatha kutenga magawo ambiri azakunja, komanso ngozi.
Tithokoze kuchuluka kwa zikopa ndi kuyenda kwa zigawo zonse za thupi, millipede imatha kuthamanga mwachangu kwambiri. Kuthamanga kwake kumatha kufikira 45-50 cm / sec. Ma "multifunctional" kwambiri ndi miyendo yakutsogolo kwa wowomberayo. Amamulola kuti azithamanga mwamphamvu kwambiri, zachilendo kwa tizilombo tina, ndikugwira mwamphamvu zomwe agwidwawo, komanso amateteza ngati adani awukira.
Tsopano mukudziwa momwe owerenga ntchentche amawonekera. Tiyeni tiwone komwe kachilombo kosazolowereka kamapezeka.
Kodi wosaka ntchentche amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Wotchera m'chilengedwe
M'malo awo achilengedwe, osaka ntchentche amakonda kukhala m'malo amdima kwambiri, okhala ndi mthunzi wabwino komanso chinyezi m'nkhalango, minda ndi mapaki. Nthawi zambiri amadzipangira nyumba yokhazikika pamiyala, nkhwangwa kapena milu ikuluikulu ya masamba omwe agwa. M'nyengo yopanda nyengo komanso nyengo yozizira, olowa m'malo amathawira m'ming'alu yakuya ndi ming'alu pansi pa khungwa la mitengo, m'mabowo, muziphuphu zowola zakale. M'chaka, kutentha kumayamba, amatuluka m'malo obisalamo ndikuyamba kufunafuna chakudya chawo, komanso kubala ana.
M'nthawi yotentha, kunja kukatentha, koma osatentha kwambiri, ogwira ntchentche amakonda kukhala pamakoma anyumba kwa nthawi yayitali ndikusangalala ndi dzuwa. Ndi kuyamba kwa nthawi yophukira, olipidwa amakakamizidwa kufunafuna moyo wabwino, ndipo chifukwa cha izi amatha kuwonedwa m'malo okhala anthu. M'nyengo yotentha, osaka ntchentche amathanso kukwawa m'nyumba ndi nyumba kuti azizizira komanso kuzizira.
Ngati osaka ntchentche amakhala ndi chakudya nthawi zonse pamalo okhala anthu, ndiye kuti amatha kukhala kumeneko chaka chonse ngakhale zaka zingapo motsatizana. Kumeneku, ma centipedes nthawi zambiri amabisala muzipinda zapansi, zomangamanga, zipinda zapansi, pansi pa mabafa ambiri, pomwe pamakhala bwino, mumdima, kutentha komanso chinyezi.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Ku India ndi kumayiko ena otentha, komwe, chifukwa cha nyengo, tizilombo todwalitsa tambiri tomwe tili ndi poizoni timalandiridwa kwambiri kwa opha ntchentche m'nyumba.
Kodi wogwira mbalame amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Flycatcher ya Tizilombo
Popeza kuti mbalameyi ndi ya mphalapala, ndi chilombo. Pachifukwa ichi, tizilombo timasaka tizilombo tina ndipo timapeza chakudya chake.
Arachnids ndi ma arthropod ang'onoang'ono amatha kukhala nkhomaliro, chakudya cham'mawa kapena chakudya chamadzulo:
- ntchentche;
- mphemvu;
- akangaude;
- nkhupakupa;
- utitiri;
- mole;
- nsikidzi;
- nsomba zasiliva;
- nsabwe.
Kutengera ndi mndandanda womwe uli pamwambapa, zikuwonekeratu kuti wosaka mbalameyo amawononga tizilombo tomwe timavulaza mnyumba ya anthu komanso m'munda wamaluwa kapena ndiwo zamasamba. Chifukwa chake, centipede, ngakhale amawoneka owopsa, amangopindulitsa. Samawononga zomera kapena mipando, samakhudza chakudya, ndipo ambiri, amayesetsa kuti asadziwonetse kwa anthu.
Chifukwa chake, ngati mwadzidzidzi mwawona wogwira ntchentche mnyumba mwanu kapena patsamba, dziwani: ichi ndi kachilombo kothandiza kwambiri kamene kangakupulumutseni kwa "oyandikana" osafunikira pamaso pa mphemvu, ntchentche ndi zovuta zina zosasangalatsa.
Anthu opha ntchentche amasaka pogwiritsa ntchito tinyanga tawo tomwe timathandiza kuti munthu aziona bwino zinthu komanso kuona bwino. Ataona nyamayo, amamuukira mwachangu, kumugwira ndi miyendo yakutsogolo (miyendo) ndikubayira poizoni wolumala. Pamapeto pa chakudyacho, centipede amabisala mnyumba mwake kufikira nthawi yomwe chakudyacho chimagayidwa ndipo amadzakhalanso ndi njala.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Flycatcher Wodziwika
Oyendetsa ndege amakonda kukhala moyo wamadzulo, ngakhale amatha kuwoneka masana, koma mumthunzi. M'mikhalidwe yovuta (kuzizira, kutentha, chilala), amakonda kuyang'ana malo abwino okhala. Centipedes ndi mtundu wa othamanga pamtunda wazitsamba, chifukwa amatha kuthamanga kwambiri kuposa masentimita 40 pamphindikati.
Poyenda, amakweza thupi lawo lodziwika bwino ndipo mwachangu, amalumikizana ndi miyendo yayitali. Pokhala bata, opha ntchentche amakonda kukhazikika pamwamba pomwe amapezeka, kaya ndi khoma la nyumba kapena khungwa la mtengo. Kapangidwe ka miyendo yawo kumakupatsani mwayi wosunthira pamalo onse opingasa komanso owongoka.
Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa chokhala ndi thupi losinthasintha, opha ntchentche amatha kukwera mosavuta. Ndi zonsezi, tizilombo timakhala ndi maso komanso fungo labwino kwambiri, lomwe limalola kuti akhale osaka za virtuoso.
Posaka, centipedes amakonda kudikirira nyama yawo, m'malo mongowathamangitsa. Nyama yabwino ikangowonekera pafupi, wowombayo amayiponya mwachangu, amaluma chipolopolo chachitsulo ndikubaya ndi poizoni wakufa. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zikhasu, wogwira ntchentche amatha kugwira tizilombo tambiri nthawi imodzi.
Ponena za anthu ndi ziweto, mankhwala a mphutsi si owopsa kwa iwo. Ndipo samachita bwino nthawi zonse kuluma kudzera pakhungu la munthu kapena nyama. Ngati wogwira ntchentcheyo adatha kuluma munthu, yemwe, mwanjira, amangochita pofuna kudziteteza, ndiye kuti kuluma kwake kumamveka ngati njuchi yoluma, yofooka kwambiri. Kuyabwa ndi kuwotcha kumawonekeranso, komwe kumatha patatha maola angapo, ndipo mawonekedwe otupa a mbola ya njuchi samawoneka.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Flycatcher mnyumba
Osaka ntchentche amakhala kuyambira zaka zitatu mpaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, ndipo amakula msinkhu pafupifupi chaka chimodzi ndi theka atabadwa. Amakhala moyo wawokha, ndipo milipedes imabereka m'nyengo yotentha - kuyambira Meyi mpaka Ogasiti. Amuna ndi akazi kunja kwenikweni samasiyana wina ndi mnzake ndipo amadzipezera okha ndi fungo. Kununkhira kumachita gawo lalikulu pano. Ngati wogwira ntchentche wamkazi sakonda fungo laimuna, ndiye kuti sangakwatirane ndipo adzafunafuna mnzake woyenera.
Kulumikizana kwa oponya ndege ndizosangalatsa. Kuphatikiza pa ma pheromones, yamphongo imatulutsanso mawu apansipansi, osamveka, omwe amakopanso akazi. Mzimayi akakhala pafupi, wamwamuna amaluka msangamsanga ulusi wa ulusi wochepa kwambiri, pomwe amaika timadzi timeneti (spermatophore). Wamkazi, "wosiririka" ndi ma pheromones ndikumveka, amalowa mchoko, motero kuwonetsa wamwamuna komwe amakhala, ndikutenga spermatophore mwa iyemwini.
Patatha masiku angapo, mkazi wokhwima uja amapeza malo obisika, amatenga kukhumudwa pang'ono m'nthaka ndikuikira mazira 50-60 pamenepo, nthawi zina zochulukirapo. Mazirawo ndi 1-1.5 mm m'mimba mwake, ozungulira, oyera, osasintha. Pambuyo pake, wogwira ntchentcheyo amakhala pa clutch ndikudikirira kuti anawo abwere. Nthawi yonse yamakulitsidwe (omwe ndi ochokera milungu iwiri kapena inayi), samayenda kutali ndi chisa ndikukhala m'manja mpaka pakamwa.
Ogwira ntchentche obadwa kumene nthawi zambiri amakhala oyera komanso osasintha. Ali ndi miyendo 4 yokha ya miyendo. Pakukula, pambuyo pa molt iliyonse, amawonjezera miyendo iwiri. Ana a Flycatcher amakhala masabata angapo oyamba amoyo wawo ndi amayi awo, kenako amusiya kwamuyaya.
Adani achilengedwe a osaka ntchentche
Chithunzi: Wotchera m'chilengedwe
Wosaka ntchentche ndi cholengedwa cham'mimba, chifukwa chake ndizachilengedwe kuti mbalame ndi nyama zina zimatha kuzisaka. Komabe, pali m'modzi "koma". Chomwe chimachitika ndichakuti ngakhale atagwira wosaka ntchentche, sizinyama zonse zomwe zidzafune kudzadya pambuyo pake.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Osaka mivi amatulutsa poizoni wapadera yemwe amakhala ndi fungo lamphamvu, losasangalatsa lomwe limathamangitsa adani.
Chifukwa chake adani akulu a owerenga ntchentche ndi, oddly mokwanira, anthu, osonkhetsa kwambiri kapena omwe akuvutika ndi mantha a tizilombo (arachnophobia). Ngakhale zili choncho kuti ma centipedes amachita zabwino zambiri kuposa zoyipa m'nyumba kapena m'munda.
Anthu omwe sakonda tizirombo tonse, powona ogwirizira nyumba zawo, amayesetsa kuzichotsa posachedwa. Zachidziwikire, ngati amathamanga pagulu lanyumba, ndiye kuti china chake chikuyenera kuchitidwa, koma m'modzi kapena awiri opha ntchentche okhala mnyumbamo amangothandiza. Komanso, amakonda kubisala kuposa kuthamangira poyera.
Pakadali pano, intaneti ili yodzaza ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zolimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kuphatikizapo owerenga ntchentche. Komabe, ziyenera kudziwika kuti njira zambiri sizigwira ntchito pa owerenga ntchentche konse. Mfundo apa ndi yapadera pa zakudya ndi moyo wawo. Popeza ma centipedes amadyetsa tizilombo tokha, nyambo zosiyanasiyana za chakudya sizoyenera pano. Misampha yomata samawapwetekanso, popeza kutayika kwa miyendo ingapo ya centipedes sikupha, ndipo posinthana ndi miyendo yotayika, yatsopano imakula pakapita nthawi.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Momwe wowomba ntchentche amawoneka
Mwachilengedwe, cholengedwa cha arthropod - chowombelera chimapezeka kudera lalikulu kwambiri:
- Europe (kumwera);
- Africa (kumpoto);
- Pafupi ndi East.
Ponena za mayiko okhalamo, ma centipedes amatha kuwona ku Ukraine, Crimea, Moldova, Russia (kumwera), Belarus (kumwera), Kazakhstan, Caucasus, dera la Volga, mayiko a Mediterranean, ndi India. Flycatcher wamba amalembedwa mu Red Book of Ukraine, pamtunduwu: "mitundu yosawerengeka". Ponena za chiwerengerocho ndi zifukwa zomwe zachepera, kafukufuku wofufuza akuwonetsa anthu osagwirizana. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mwa ena ndizofunikira, ndipo mwa zina ndizochepa kwambiri ndipo zimachepa mwachangu.
Zifukwa zakuchepa kwa osaka ntchentche, monga nthawi zonse, ndizofala: zochitika za anthu zodziwika bwino zokhudzana ndi ulimi, kudula mitengo, migodi, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo, katundu wambiri wosangalatsa, kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe ndi mankhwala owopsa ndi zinyalala zamafakitale.
Komanso, gawo lofunikira pakuchepa kwa anthu ndi chikhumbo cha anthu ena mwa njira zonse zochotsera tizilombo tonse mnyumbamo. Tsoka ilo, pamodzi ndi mphemvu, udzudzu ndi tizilombo tina tovulaza, ntchito zapadera zimawononga opha ntchentche, chifukwa mankhwala omwe amagwiritsa ntchito samasankha.
Chitetezo cha Flycatcher
Chithunzi: Flycatcher kuchokera ku Red Book
Anthu ambiri, powona opha ntchentche m'nyumba zawo, amanjenjemera ndipo nthawi yomweyo amayesa kuwagwira ndikuwaphwanya. Ndipo nzosadabwitsa - amawoneka owopsa. Komabe, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ndi amodzi mwamankhwala othandiza kwambiri okhala pafupi ndi anthu. Kupatula apo, zakudya za oimira milipedes makamaka zimakhala ndi tizilombo todetsa nkhawa: ntchentche, mphemvu, utitiri, kachilomboka kakang'ono, nyerere ndi tiziromboti tina tomwe timaphwanya chitonthozo chaumunthu.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: M'zinyama, ziphuphu nthawi zonse zimawerengedwa kuti si tizilombo, koma ngati abale awo apamtima. Pakadali pano, akatswiri azowona zakuthambo ali ndi malingaliro angapo otsutsana okhudza momwe oyendetsa ndege amapezekera.
Oyendetsa ndege, monga ma centipedes onse, ndi zolengedwa zakale kwambiri ndipo funso loti lidachokera silinaphunzirebe bwinobwino. Komanso, millipedes ndizofunikira kwambiri mu biogeocenosis. Kuyambira kalekale, anthu azolowera kuopa zomwe samamvetsetsa, chidziwitso chofunikira chomwe chimadzaza mpatawu sichingakhale chopanda pake. Chifukwa chake ngati tsiku lina wogwira ntchentche angayang'ane m'nyumba mwanu, musathamangire kuti muphe, koma ingozisiya nokha ndikupulumuka modekha - ndizotheka kuti cholengedwa ichi chidzapindulitsabe.
Wosaka ndege, kapena monga timatchulira nthawi zambiri, centipede, koma dzina ili siligwirizana ndi zenizeni, chifukwa limangokhala ndi miyendo makumi atatu (ma 15 awiriawiri), osati makumi anayi. Chinthu china cholakwika ndi nyumba yanyumba. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti ma centipedes ali ndi zosiyana zambiri kuposa kufanana ndi centipedes. Kupatula apo, nsombayi ndi yopanda vuto lililonse komanso yothandiza kwambiri yomwe imawononga tizirombo tating'onoting'ono, pomwe scolopendra ndi tizilombo toopsa kwambiri, tomwe titha kuvulaza thanzi.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 10/16/2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 21.10.2019 pa 10:35
