Scolopendra ndi kachilombo koyenda mwachangu. Afalikira padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo malo omwe amakonda kwambiri ndi achinyezi komanso malo ozizira. Usiku ndi nthawi yabwino yamasana kwa iye. Kulimbikira komanso kuthamanga kumathandizira kuti centipede ipezere chakudya chokha, chomwe chimafunikira nthawi zonse.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Scolopendra
Scolopendra ndi tizilombo tomwe timachokera ku mtundu wa tracheal arthropods. Pali mitundu yambiri ya scolopendra, ndipo mitundu ina sinaphunzirebe mpaka pano. Centipede amatha kukhala kuthengo, kunkhalango komanso m'mapanga, komanso kunyumba. Anthu okhala mnyumbamo amatchedwanso opha ntchentche. Sizivulaza eni nyumbayo, koma zimathandiza kuthana ndi tizilombo tina tokwiyitsa.
Kanema: Scolopendra
Centipede ndi imodzi mwazilombo zakale kwambiri padziko lapansi. Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa tinasinthika mwa mawonekedwe omwe ali nawo tsopano, zaka zambiri zapitazo. Asayansi apeza zojambula zakale zomwe zidachitika zaka 428 miliyoni zapitazo. Pofufuza ma molekyulu, asayansi apeza kuti kupatukana kwa magulu akulu a centipedes kunachitika munthawi ya Cambrian. Malinga ndi kafukufuku waposachedwa mu 2005, P. newmani ndiye nyama yakale kwambiri yomwe idapezeka.
Poyerekeza ndi tizilombo tina, scolopendra ali ndi zaka zana, anthu ena amakhala zaka 7. Ngakhale, pafupifupi, munthu amakhala zaka ziwiri. Kukula kwa kachilomboka kumapitilira moyo wonse, ngakhale mwa anthu ena, kukula kumathera pa msinkhu wakutha msinkhu. Chodziwika kwambiri cha scolopendra ndikumakonzanso kwamiyendo. Zotupa zotayika zimakula zitasungunuka, koma zimasiyana kukula, miyendo yatsopano ndi yayifupi kuposa yoyamba ija ndipo imafooka.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Momwe centipede amawonekera
Scolopendra ili ndi thupi lofewa, gawo lalikulu la exoskeleton ndi chitin. Chifukwa chake, monga nyama zina zopanda mafupa, imasungunuka, ndikuthira chipolopolo chake ikamakula. Chifukwa chake, wachinyamata amasintha "zovala" kamodzi miyezi iwiri iliyonse, wamkulu - kawiri pachaka.
Centipedes amasiyana kukula. Nthawi zambiri, kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala masentimita 6, komabe, pali mitundu yomwe kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 30. Thupi la scolopendra limagawika mutu ndi thunthu ndipo limakhala ndi magawo pafupifupi 20 (kuyambira 21 mpaka 23). Magawo awiri oyamba ajambulidwa ndi utoto wosiyana ndi mtundu waukulu wa scolopendra, ndipo alibe. Kutha kwa miyendo ndi munga. Pali gland wokhala ndi poyizoni kumiyendo.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Ngati centipede amathamangira thupi la munthu, imasiya njira yoterera komanso yoyaka.
Mutu wa centipede umalumikizidwa ndi mbale imodzi, pomwe maso, tinyanga tating'onoting'ono ndi nsagwada zapoizoni zimapezeka, mothandizidwa ndi omwe amaukira nyama. Pazigawo zina zonse za thupi, pali miyendo iwiri. Scolopendra imagwiritsa ntchito miyendo yomaliza pometa komanso kusaka nyama yayikulu. Amakhala ngati nangula wake.
Mtundu wa centipede ndiwosiyana: kuchokera pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya bulauni mpaka yobiriwira. Palinso mitundu yazofiirira komanso yamtambo. Mtundu wa kachilombo sikudalira mtunduwo. Scolopendra amasintha mitundu kutengera msinkhu ndi nyengo momwe akukhalamo.
Kodi scolopendra amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Crimea skolopendra
Scolopendra imapezeka m'malo onse anyengo. Komabe, kuchuluka kwawo kukukulira makamaka m'malo otentha: nkhalango zotentha za ku Central ndi South America, kudera la equator ku Africa, kumwera kwa Europe ndi Asia. Centipedes zazikulu zimangokhala m'malo otentha, malo omwe amakonda kwambiri ndi Seychelles. Centipedes amakhala m'nkhalango, pamapiri ataliatali, m'dera lamapululu ouma otentha, m'mapanga amiyala. Anthu omwe amakhala m'malo okhala ndi nyengo zotentha samakula.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Sizingatheke kukumana ndi chimphona chotchedwa scolopendra m'madera mwathu, chifukwa pano ndi oimira ochepa chabe amtundu wa arthropods omwe amakhala pano.
Scolopendra amakonda usiku, chifukwa kuwala kowala sikukuwakonda. Satha kupirira ndi kutentha, ngakhale mvula sindiwo chimwemwe chawo. Pomwe zingatheke, amasankha nyumba za anthu ngati zogona. Apa, nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'chipinda chamdima, chonyowa.
Kumtchire, centipedes amakhala m'malo opanda madzi, amdima, nthawi zambiri mumthunzi pansi pa masamba. Makungwa a mitengo yovunda, zinyalala za masamba akugwa, makungwa a mitengo yakale, ming'alu yamiyala, mapanga ndi malo abwino kukhalapo scolopendra. M'nyengo yozizira, centipedes amathawira m'malo otentha.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe centipede amapezeka. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe tizilombo timadyera.
Kodi scolopendra amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Tizilombo ta Scolopendra
Centipede mwachilengedwe amakhala ndi zida zamatomedwe zomwe amatha kuthana nazo ndi nyama:
- nsagwada;
- khosi lonse;
- zopweteka zapoizoni;
- miyendo yolimba.
Centipede ndi chilombo. Mukamenyana ndi nyama, centipede amayamba kumulepheretsa wovulalayo, ndiyeno amadya pang'onopang'ono. Mpata wokhoza kuthawa ku centipede ndiwotsika kwambiri, chifukwa sikuti umangoyenda mwachangu kwambiri, umapangitsanso kudumpha koukira.
Chosangalatsa: Scolopendra imatha kuyenda mpaka 40 cm pamphindikati.
Ubwino wa scolopendra posaka nyama:
- ali ndi luso loyenda bwino;
- Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakhala tothamanga kwambiri ndipo timathamanga;
- imayankha mwachangu kugwedera kulikonse mlengalenga;
- munthu amatha kugwira anthu angapo nthawi imodzi.
Scolopendra wakunyumba - osaka ntchentche, idyani tizilombo tosiyanasiyana: mphemvu, ntchentche, udzudzu, nyerere, nsikidzi. Chifukwa chake, wosaka ntchentche amapindula ndi nyumba yomwe akukhalamo.
Mitengo ya nkhalango imakonda zamoyo zomwe zimakhala mobisa: nyongolotsi, mphutsi, kafadala. Kukada ndipo centipede atuluka pamalo obisalapo, amatha kusaka ziwala, mbozi, njoka, mavu ndi nyerere. Scolopendra ndiwolimba kwambiri, amafunika kusaka mosalekeza. Amakwiya kwambiri akakhala ndi njala. Centipede wamkulu amalowanso makoswe ang'onoang'ono: njoka, abuluzi, anapiye ndi mileme.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Scolopendra m'dera la Krasnodar
Scolopendra ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda oopsa omwe ndi mdani woopsa kwa tizilombo tambiri ndi nyama zazing'ono. Kuluma nyamayi, centipede amaumitsa ndi poizoni ndipo amadya pang'onopang'ono. Popeza kuti centipede imagwira ntchito usiku, zimapindulitsa kwambiri kusaka nthawi ino yamasiku. Masana, centipede imabisala kwa adani, kuti asadye chakudya chamadzulo cha ena, ngakhale masana samadandaula kudya.
Centipedes amakonda moyo wosakonda anzawo, chifukwa chake amakhala okha. Centipede samakonda kuwonetsa wachibale wake, koma ngati pali nkhondo pakati pa anthu awiri, m'modzi wa iwo amamwalira mulimonsemo. Scolopendra, monga lamulo, samawonetsa zaubwenzi mokhudzana ndi dziko lozungulira. Ichi ndi tizilombo tomwe timachita mantha komanso tomwe timayambitsa matendawa, omwe nkhawa zawo zimayambitsidwa ndi kuzindikira kwa kuwala ndi mitundu ya dziko lozungulira ndi maso ake.
Chifukwa chake, nyama iliyonse kapena tizilombo tomwe timavutitsa scolopendra timangokhalira kuwukira. Ndizotheka kuthawa ku centipede, chifukwa imathamanga kwambiri komanso yosavuta. Kuphatikiza apo, dongosolo lakugaya chakudya la centipede, lomwe limagaya chakudya mwachangu kwambiri, limafuna kukonzanso chakudya nthawi zonse. Chifukwa cha izi, scolopendra amafunikira nthawi zonse kufunafuna chakudya.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Chitetezo cha ku China chimadya pang'ono pang'ono theka la nkhomaliro kwa maola atatu.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Centipede wakuda
Scolopendra amakhala wokhwima pogonana mchaka chachiwiri chamoyo. Amayamba kuberekana pakatikati pa masika ndipo samatha nthawi yonse yotentha. Njira yokhwimirayi itatha, patatha milungu ingapo, mkaziyo amayamba kuikira mazira. Malo abwino oti aziikira mazira ndi achinyezi komanso ofunda. Pafupipafupi, mkazi amapatsa mazira 40 mpaka 120 pa clutch, koma si onse omwe amapulumuka. Zazikazi zimayang'anira zowalamulira zawo ndikuzisamalira, ndikubisa ngozi. Pambuyo pa nthawi yakusasitsa, mbozi zazing'ono zimatuluka m'mazira.
Pobadwa, ma centipedes a ana amakhala ndi miyendo inayi yokha. Ndi njira iliyonse yosungunulira, ma paw amawonjezeredwa ku centipede yaying'ono. Mpaka msinkhu winawake, mayiyo amakhala pafupi ndi mwana. Koma ma centipedes amwana amasinthasintha mwachangu malo awo ndikuyamba kukhala pawokha. Poyerekeza ndi zina zopanda mafupa, zamoyo zopanda msana ndizowona zaka zana. Amakhala ndi moyo pafupifupi zaka 6 - 7.
Pali magawo atatu amakulidwe ndi kusasitsa kwa ma centipedes:
- mluza. Gawo, lomwe limatenga mwezi umodzi kapena theka;
- nymph. Gawo ili limatenga mwezi umodzi ndi theka;
- wachinyamata. Gawo lomwe centipede laling'ono limafikira pambuyo pa molt wachitatu;
- popita nthawi, mtundu wamtundu wamutu umasinthira wakuda, ndipo mbaleyo imasiyanitsidwa ndi thupi. Scolopendra wachichepere amayamba kukhala payekha kumapeto kwa sabata lachitatu. Wachikulire kwathunthu, scolopendra amakhala kokha mchaka chachiwiri - chachinayi cha moyo.
Kukula kwa centipedes ndi kuthamanga kwake kumadalira nyengo, zakudya, chinyezi ndi kutentha. Mitundu iliyonse ya scolopendra imakhala ndi moyo wautali. Atakula, anthu, kutengera mtunduwo, amatha kukhala zaka ziwiri kapena zisanu ndi ziwiri.
Adani achilengedwe a scolopendra
Chithunzi: Momwe centipede amawonekera
M'malo awo okhala achilengedwe, nyama zolusa zimasakanso tambala. Nthawi yomweyo, mitundu ya mitundu yomwe imadya centipede ndiyochepa. Adani achilengedwe owopsa a centipede ndi achule, achule, nyama zazing'ono (shrew, mbewa), ndi mbalame. Akadzidzi amakonda kusaka ma centipedes. Komanso, scolopendra ndi chakudya chopatsa thanzi chopatsa thanzi.
Nyama zoweta monga agalu ndi amphaka zimadyanso osaka ntchentche. Koma izi zitha kukhala ndi zoopsa zina, chifukwa tiziromboti nthawi zambiri timakhala mkati mwa ziphuphu. Nyama ikadya kachilombo kodzaza ndi tiziromboka, imakhalanso kachilombo. Scolopendra ndi chidutswa chokoma cha njoka ndi makoswe.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Ziphuphu zazikulu zimatha kudya zazing'ono.
Anthu ena mpaka lero amaganiza kuti scolopendra ndi chakudya chokoma komanso chopatsa thanzi, chifukwa thupi lake lili ndi mapuloteni ambiri. M'zikhalidwe zina, pali chikhulupiriro kuti centipede, monga chakudya, amachiza matenda ambiri omwe sangachiritsidwe ndi mankhwala.
Mankhwala achikhalidwe samalimbikitsa kudya scolopendra kwa anthu, makamaka mawonekedwe ake obiriwira, chifukwa anthu ambiri padziko lapansi ali ndi tiziromboti. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timakhala m'thupi la centipede ndi khoswe wam'mimba. Tiziromboti timayambitsa matenda owopsa omwe samangotengera matenda osachiritsika am'mimba, koma ngakhale imfa.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Scolopendra
Centipedes amawerengedwa ngati achibale apafupi kwambiri a tizilombo ta nthambi imodzi. Akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo masiku ano ali ndi zikhulupiriro ziwiri zazikuluzikulu zazomwe zimakhazikika. Lingaliro loyamba ndiloti scolopendra, pamodzi ndi ma crustaceans, ali mgulu la tizilombo ta Mandibulata. Omvera lingaliro lachiwiri amakhulupirira kuti centipedes ndi gulu la alongo poyerekeza ndi tizilombo.
Asayansi padziko lonse lapansi ali ndi mitundu 8 zikwi za scolopendra padziko lonse lapansi. Nthawi yomweyo, pafupifupi 3 zikwi zokha adaphunzira ndikulemba. Chifukwa chake, scolopendra amayang'aniridwa kwambiri ndi akatswiri azamoyo. Masiku ano, anthu a scolopendra adasefukira padziko lonse lapansi. Mitundu ina ya tizilombo timapezekanso kunja kwa dera la Arctic Circle.
Ndizovuta kwambiri kufafaniza anthu a scolopendra, chifukwa ndi olimba. Kuti mubweretse wosaka nyumba, muyenera kuyesetsa kwambiri. Chikhalidwe chachikulu ndikupereka zolemba mchipinda momwe amafunikira kuthamangitsidwa. Scolopendra samalekerera zopangira. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kuchotsa chinyezi. Centipedes sayenera kukhala ndi madzi, popanda iwo sangakhalemo.
Kulimbitsa zotsatira zake, ming'alu yonse m'nyumba iyenera kuphimbidwa kuti anthu atsopano asalowe mkati. Ngati ma centipedes akhazikika m'nyumba, ndiye kuti pali ngodya yabwino, yakuda komanso yonyowa. Nthawi yomweyo, izi sizitanthauza kuti ayamba kuberekana ndikudzaza nyumba yonse.
Scolopendra kachilombo kosasangalatsa komanso kowopsa kunja, kuphatikiza anthu. Kuluma kwake koopsa kumatha kufa. Chiwerengero cha centipede chafalikira padziko lonse lapansi. Chifukwa chaukali komanso ulesi, amadzipezera chakudya, makamaka mumdima.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 08/17/2019
Idasinthidwa: 17.08.2019 pa 23:52
