Moskovka kapena wakuda tit, moss ndi imodzi mwa mbalame zazing'ono kwambiri zomwe zimakhala ku Russia. Kulemera kwa mbalameyi ndi magalamu 7-10 okha, kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 12. Mbalame yothamanga kwambiri, yomwe imakhala m'nkhalango za coniferous m'dziko lathu nthawi zina, imapezeka m'minda yamapiri ndi m'mapaki. Sakonda kukhazikika m'midzi, koma amatha kuwuluka kupita kwa odyetsa pofunafuna chakudya. M'nyengo yozizira, amatha kukhala ndi gulu m'mapaki ndi mabwalo.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Moskovka
Periparus ater Moskovka ndi mbalame ya oda Passeriformes, banja la Tit, mtundu wa Periparus, mitundu Moskovka. Moskovka ali m'gulu lakale kwambiri la mbalame zodutsa. Zida zoyambirira zankhondo zidakhala padzikoli ngakhale pa Eocene. M'nthawi yathu ino, dongosolo la odutsa ndilochuluka kwambiri; limaphatikizapo mitundu pafupifupi 5400.
Mbalamezi ndizofala padziko lonse lapansi. Mitundu yamtundu wa Periparus m'dera lathu imayimilidwa ndi ma subspecies atatu, awiri mwa iwo ndi a gulu la subspecies "phaeonotus", mbalamezi zimagawidwa makamaka ku Turkey, Middle East ndi Caucasus. Kudera la Europe la dziko lathu, ma subspecies R. a afalikira. chotulutsa.
Kanema: Moskovka
Muscovites ndi mbalame zazing'ono, zazing'ono. Akazi ndi abambo ali ndi mtundu wofanana, nthawi zina mtundu wamwamuna umakhala wowala pang'ono kuposa akazi. Pamaso pa mbalameyi pali mtundu wina wa "chigoba" chamdima chifukwa chake mbalamezo zidadziwika. Gawo lakumtunda la mutu wake ndi siliva wabuluu wokhala ndi utoto wa azitona, pansi pake ndi mbalame yopepuka.
Pali nthenga zofiirira m'mbali mwake ndi pansi. Kuchokera pamzere wamaso mpaka pakhosi ndi pamwamba pa bere mtunduwo ndi woyera, wokhala ndi mawanga akuda pang'ono pachifuwa, m'mbali mwake ndi pansi pamapiko. Mapiko ndi mchira wa mbalameyi zimakhala ndi khungu lofiirira. Mlomo wawung'ono wakuda. Mutu wake ndi wozungulira, maso ndi ochepa, khungu la maso ndi mdima. Pamiyendo pali zala zinayi, kumapeto kwake kuli zikhadabo. Mtundu uwu udafotokozedwa koyamba ndi wasayansi Karl Linnaeus m'buku lake "The System of Nature" mu 1758.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Kodi moskow ndi chiyani
Muscovy ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi mawere wamba, komabe, ma Muscovites ndi osiyana pang'ono ndi ena oimira banja ili. Zamoyozi zimawerengedwa kuti ndi mbalame zazing'ono kwambiri m'banja la tit. Kukula kwa mbalameyo kuchokera kumlomo mpaka mchira ndi pafupifupi masentimita 11, ndipo Muscovy imangolemera magalamu 8-12 okha.
Mlomo ndi wowongoka, wawung'ono. Mutu ndi waung'ono, wozungulira mawonekedwe. Mbali yapadera ya mbalamezi ndi mtundu wawo wosazolowereka. “Masaya” oyera amaonekera pankhope pake. Kuyambira pakamwa kufika pamutu wonse, utoto wake ndi wamdima. Amakhala ndi chithunzi chakuti "chigoba" chimayikidwa pankhope pa mbalameyi, ndichifukwa chake mbalameyi idadziwika.
Muscovy atakhala wokondwa, amakweza nthenga pamphumi pake ngati kachingwe kakang'ono. Pamwambapa palinso malo oyera. Mtundu waukulu ndi wotuwa ndi bulauni. Nthenga zomwe zili kumutu zakuda ndi utoto wabuluu. Pa mapiko a Muscovy, nthenga ndi zotuwa, pali mitundu mu mawonekedwe a mikwingwirima yoyera. Mchirawo umakhala ndi chingwe cha nthenga.
Amuna ndi akazi samadziwika mosiyanasiyana. Achinyamata amakhala ndi mtundu wofanana ndi mbalame zazikulu. Kapu yakuda pafupifupi kapu yakuda yokhala ndi utoto wabulauni, pamasaya kumbuyo kwa mutu pomwe payenera kukhala mawanga oyera, utoto wachikasu. Mikwingwirima yamapiko imakhalanso yachikasu.
Ma trill a mbalamezi amamveka kulikonse kuyambira pakati pa Marichi mpaka Seputembara. Kuimba kwa a Muscovites kumakhala chete, mawu ndiwaphokoso. Nyimboyi ili ndi ziganizo ziwiri kapena zitatu za mtunduwo: "tuiit", "pii-tii" kapena "C-C-C". Amuna ndi akazi amayimba limodzi. Zolemba za mbalame imodzi zitha kukhala ndi nyimbo 70. Nthawi zina ma titi amagwiritsidwa ntchito pophunzitsa kuyimba kwa canary. Kumtchire, moss amakhala zaka pafupifupi 8-9.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Muscovites amakumbukira bwino, amatha kukumbukira malo omwe pali chakudya, anthu omwe amadyetsa mbalame, ndipo koposa zonse, atakhala malo achilendo kwanthawi yayitali, mbalamezi zimatha kupeza chisa chawo komanso malo omwe amabisako chakudya.
Tsopano mukudziwa momwe mbalame ya Muscovy imawonekera. Tiyeni tiwone komwe tit yakuda imapezeka.
Kodi Muscovy amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Mbalame Moskovka
Muscovites amakhala m'nkhalango za Eurasia ndi North Africa. Amapezekanso kudera la Atlas Mountains, Africa ndi Tunisia. Kumpoto kwa Eurasia, mbalamezi zimapezeka ku Finland komanso kumpoto kwa Russia, ku Siberia. Mbalamezi zimakhala zambiri m'dera la Kaluga, Tula, Ryazan, zimakhala ku Urals komanso kumpoto kwa Mongolia. Komanso mbalamezi zimakhala ku Syria, Lebanon, Turkey, Caucasus, Iran, Crimea ndi Transcaucasia. Nthawi zina Moskovok amapezeka pachilumba cha Sicily, British Isles, Cyprus, Honshu, Taiwan, ndi Kuril Islands.
Muscovy amakhazikika makamaka m'nkhalango za spruce. Nthawi zina nkhalango yosakanikirana imatha kusankhidwanso kwamoyo wonse. Ngati imakhala kumapiri, chisa pamapiri otsetsereka pomwe mitengo yamitengo ndi thundu imakula. Kawirikawiri sichikhazikika pamtunda woposa mamita 2000 pamwamba pa nyanja, koma ku Himalaya, mbalamezi zimawoneka pamtunda wa pafupifupi mamita 4500. A Muscovites samangokhala phee, ndipo pofunafuna chakudya amatha kufufuza madera atsopano.
M'malo okhala ndi nyengo yozizira ku Caucasus ndi kumwera kwa Russia, mbalame zimangokhala. Komanso mbalamezi nthawi zambiri zimakhalapo nyengo yachisanu, ndipo pakati pa Russia zimasamukira kumapaki ndi mabwalo. Muscovites chisa m'nkhalango. Mbalamezi nthawi zambiri sizimayenda nyengo zina, komabe, pakakhala kuti palibe chakudya kapena nthawi yachisanu yozizira, mbalame zimatha kupanga maulendo othamanga, ndikuphunzira magawo atsopano.
Kawirikawiri malo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito amagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira mazira, nthawi zambiri amakhala m'minda yatsopano. Chisa chimamangidwa mu dzenje kapena malo ena achilengedwe. Nthawi zina amatha kukhazikika mumtsinje wosiyidwa wa makoswe. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa adani kuthengo, komanso kulephera kwakanthawi kwakanthawi, a Muscovites amayesa kukhala pafupi ndi mitengo ndi tchire.
Amadya chiyani Muscovy?
Chithunzi: Moskovka ku Russia
Chakudya cha Moskovka ndichodzichepetsa kwambiri. Zakudya za mbalamezi zimadalira dera lomwe mbalameyi imakhala komanso nyengo yake. M'ngululu ndi chilimwe, mbalame zimadya tizilombo tambiri ndikubzala chakudya; kuyambira mkatikati mwa chilimwe, mbalame zimasinthira kubzala chakudya. M'nyengo yozizira, a Muscovites amakhala okhutira ndi mbewu, zipatso za rowan ndi zomwe mbalameyi yasunga nthawi yachilimwe m'nyengo yozizira.
Chakudya chachikulu cha Muscovy chimaphatikizapo:
- Zhukov;
- mbozi;
- nsabwe;
- mbozi;
- Ntchentche ndi udzudzu;
- ziwala, crickets;
- nyamakazi;
- nthanga za coniferous;
- zipatso za rowan, juniper;
- mbewu za beech, sequoia, mkuyu ndi zomera zina.
Mbalameyi imakondanso kudya zipatso zowutsa mudyo za zipatso zakupsa, mtedza. Muscovites ndiokwera kukwera nthambi zamitengo kuti adzipezere chakudya.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Muscovites ndiwosunga ndalama, ndipo kuthengo mbalamezi zimagwira ntchito molimbika nthawi yotentha ndikupanga zofunikira m'nyengo yozizira. Mbalameyi imapanga mtundu wina wa "nkhokwe" pansi pa khungwa la mitengo, pomwe imabisa nkhokwe zake, kuzitchinjiriza ku chisanu. Nthawi zambiri nkhokwezi ndizokwanira mbalameyo m'nyengo yonse yozizira.
Mbalame zomwe zimakhala pafupi ndi nyumba yomwe munthu amakhala zimawulukira m'malo odyetserako ziweto ndikunyamula zinyenyeswazi za mkate, mtedza, mbewu. Ngakhale mbalamezi zimaopa anthu, zimazolowera msanga omwe amazidyetsa, kumbukirani malo omwe wodyetserako amakhala ndikubweranso.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Moskovka, ndi mutu wakuda
Ma Muscovites, monga ma titi ambiri, amayenda kwambiri. Amayenda pakati pamitengo, kukwawa pakati pa nthambi kufunafuna chakudya. Amakhala moyo wongokhala, sakonda kusamuka ndikusiya malo okhala mwachizolowezi pokhapokha kusowa chakudya, kapena nyengo yovuta kwambiri. Pofuna kukaikira mazira, mbalame zimakonda kubwerera kumalo awo.
Muscovites amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono a anthu 50-60, komabe, ku Siberia ndi zikhalidwe zakumpoto, ziweto zidadziwika momwe munali anthu chikwi chimodzi. Gulu lankhosa nthawi zambiri limasakanikirana; Muscovites amakhala bwino ndi ma warblers, tufted titmice, kafadala ndi ma pikas. Pakukhalira zisa, mbalamezi zimagawika ziwiriziwiri ndikumanga zisa, ndikukhala gawo lalikulu.
Amayi ndi abambo abwino kwambiri, amakhala awiriawiri pafupifupi moyo wonse, amasamalira ana kwa nthawi yayitali. Chikhalidwe cha mbalamezo chimakhala chodekha, mbalame zimakhala mwamtendere mkati mwa gulu, nthawi zambiri sipamakhala mikangano. Mbalame zakutchire zimawopa anthu, ndipo yesetsani kuti musayandikire anthu, komabe, m'nyengo yozizira, nyengo yamkuntho imakakamiza mbalame kuti zisamukire m'mizinda ndi m'matawuni.
Mbalame sizizolowera anthu. Ngati Muscovy amasungidwa mu ukapolo, mbalameyi imazolowera anthu mwachangu kwambiri. Pakatha sabata limodzi, mbalameyo imatha kuyamba kubudula mbewu m'manja mwa mwini wake, ndipo pakapita nthawi, mbalameyo imatha kukhala yowawitsa. Amayi amadalira kwambiri, azolowera anthu mosavuta.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Tit Muscovy
Nthawi yokwanira ya Muscovites imayamba kumapeto kwa Marichi. Nthawi imeneyi, amuna amayamba kukopa akazi ndikuimba mokweza, komwe kumamveka kulikonse. Amadziwitsanso amuna ena za komwe madera awo ali, ndikulemba malire ake. Kuphatikiza pakuimba, amuna amawonetsa kukonzeka kwawo kupanga banja poyandama bwino mlengalenga.
Pakumvina, yamphongo imatulutsa mchira wake ndi mapiko ake, kwinaku ikupitilira kuyimba mokweza. Kusankha malo okhala chisa ndi nkhani ya amuna, koma mkazi amakonzekeretsa pogona. Mkazi amapanga chisa mkati mwa dzenje lopapatiza, mumng'alu wamwala kapena muboola wa makoswe. Moss wofewa, nthenga, zidutswa za ubweya wa nyama zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga chisa.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Zazikazi zimateteza ana awo; nthawi yophatira mazira, mkazi samachoka pachisa pafupifupi milungu iwiri.
M'chilimwe chimodzi, a Muscovites amatha kupanga zida ziwiri. Clutch yoyamba imakhala ndi mazira 5-12 ndipo imapangidwa mkatikati mwa Epulo. Clutch yachiwiri imapangidwa mu June ndipo imakhala ndi mazira 6-8. Mazira a Muscovites ndi oyera ndi zitsamba zofiirira. Kusakaniza mazira kumatenga pafupifupi milungu iwiri. Nthawi yomweyo, yaikazi imafungatira mazira popanda kuimirira, ndipo chachimuna chimateteza banja ndikupereka chakudya cha chachikazi.
Anapiye ang'onoang'ono amabadwa atakutidwa ndi zofewa, zotuwa. Yaimuna imabweretsa chakudya ku anapiye, ndipo amayi amawotcha ndikuwadyetsa masiku ena anayi, ndipo pambuyo pake amayamba kupeza chakudya cha anawo limodzi ndi champhongo, kusiya anapiye pachisa. Anapiye amayamba kuwuluka pachisa ali ndi zaka 22, akuphunzira kuti ana amatha kuuluka, amakhala usiku wonse pachisa kwa kanthawi; pambuyo pake, anapiye achichepere amachoka pachisacho, ndikusokera m'magulu ndi mbalame zina.
Adani achilengedwe a Muscovites
Chithunzi: Kodi moskovka amawoneka bwanji
Mbalame zazing'onozi zimakhala ndi adani ambiri achilengedwe.
Izi zikuphatikiza:
- mbalame zodya nyama monga mphamba, mphamba, nkhwangwa, mphungu, akadzidzi ndi akadzidzi;
- amphaka;
- martens;
- nkhandwe ndi nyama zina zolusa.
Nyama zolusa zimasaka akuluakulu onsewo ndikuwononga zisa, kumadya mazira ndi anapiye, motero mbalame zazing'onozi zimayesetsa kukhalira limodzi m'magulu. Fledglings, omwe akungoyamba kuphunzira kuuluka chifukwa ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu, nthawi zambiri amakhala nyama zolusa. Muscovites sakonda kuwonekera m'malo otseguka, amakonda kubisala m'mitengo ndi m'nkhalango. Amamva kukhala otetezeka kumeneko.
Zisa za mbalame zidzawonongedwa ndi makoswe, mahedgehogs, martens, nkhandwe ndi amphaka, chifukwa chake mbalame zimayesa kumanga zisa m'malo omwe adaniwo sangafikepo. Amasankha mabowo, mphako zokhala ndi khomo lopapatiza kuti nyama zolusa zisakweremo.
Ambiri a Muscovites samamwalira chifukwa cha nyama zolusa, koma chifukwa cha zovuta zachilengedwe. Mbalame sizilekerera chimfine; nthawi yozizira, mbalame zamtchire nthawi zambiri zimafa ndi njala osapeza chakudya chawo, makamaka nthawi yachisanu, pomwe chakudya chawo chimakutidwa ndi chipale chofewa. Kuti zikhalebe nthawi yozizira, mbalame zimasamukira kumizinda m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Anthu amatha kupulumutsa mbalame zokongola izi pongopachika chakudya pamtengo ndikubweretsa zinyenyeswazi za tirigu ndi mkate.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Moskovka
Masiku ano, mtundu wa Periparus ater uli ndi mitundu yazovuta kwambiri. Kuchuluka kwa mbalamezi ndi zochuluka kwambiri. Mbalame zambiri zimakhala m'nkhalango za ku Eurasia ndi kumpoto kwa Africa. Zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kudziwa kuchuluka kwa mbalamezi, chifukwa mbalame zimakhala m'magulu osiyanasiyana ndipo zimauluka, kudziwa madera atsopano. Popeza a Muscovites amakonda kukhazikika mu spruce ndi nkhalango zosakanikirana m'malo ambiri mdziko lathu, anthu amtunduwu akuchepa chifukwa chodula mitengo.
Mwachitsanzo, kudera la Moscow, kuchuluka kwa mbalamezi kwatsika kwambiri. Moskovka adatchulidwa mu Red Book of Moscow ndipo mitunduyo idapatsidwa gawo 2, mitundu yosawerengeka kudera la Moscow yomwe ili ndi nambala yocheperako. Pafupifupi 10 mpaka 10 okha pa chisa m'dera la Moscow. Mwina mbalamezi sizimakonda phokoso la mzinda waukuluwo, ndipo zimasankha malo abata moyo wawo wonse.
Pokhudzana ndi kuchepa kwa mbalamezi ku Moscow ndi derali, achitapo kanthu kuti ateteze mbalame:
- malo odyera mbalame otchuka ali m'malo otetezedwa mwapadera;
- mapaki ndi malo obiriwira akukonzedwa mdera la mzinda;
- akatswiri azakuthambo amayang'anira kuchuluka kwa mbalamezi ku Moscow ndikupanga zinthu zabwino pamoyo wawo.
Mwambiri, mitunduyo ndiyambiri mdziko lonselo, mbalame zimamva bwino m'chilengedwe ndipo zimaberekana mwachangu, mitunduyo siyifunikira chitetezo chapadera.
Moskovka mbalame yothandiza kwambiri. Mbalamezi ndizodalitsika m'nkhalango, zomwe zimawononga kafadala ndi tizilombo tomwe timawononga zomera komanso timanyamula matenda osiyanasiyana. Mbalame zimachitira anthu zabwino, ndipo nthawi yozizira zimauluka kupita kumizinda kukasaka chakudya. Tili m'manja mwathu kuonetsetsa kuti mbalamezi zimakhala momasuka pafupi nafe. Amangofunika kudyetsedwa panthawi yomwe mbalame sizikhala ndi chakudya.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 08/18/2019
Idasinthidwa: 18.08.2019 pa 17:51
