Nyanja Yakuda mullet wofiira - chakudya chokoma kwambiri cha alendo omwe amakhala kutchuthi kwawo ku malo akuda a Nyanja Yakuda ndi Azov, malinga ndi mtundu wamakono, ndi wa banja la mbuzi. Kumasulira kwenikweni kuchokera ku chilankhulo cha ku Italiya, dzina la mitundu ya nsombazi limamasuliridwa kuti "ndevu". Dzinali ndilolungamitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe apadera a nsomba - mawonekedwe ake, chifukwa chake mullet wofiira sungasokonezeke ndi nsomba ina iliyonse, ndikupezeka kwa ndevu ziwiri zazitali. Ku Turkey, nsomba iyi nthawi zambiri imatchedwa sultanka, chifukwa mwachizolowezi imaperekedwa ku khothi la olamulira ngati chokoma chomwe amakonda.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Mullet wofiira
Kupatula ndevu ziwiri zazitali, mawonekedwe amtunduwu ndi mtundu wake. Mimba yofiira ya mullet imakhala yojambulidwa ndimayendedwe achikaso, koma masikelo okutira m'mbali ndi kumbuyo amakhala ndi utoto wapinki. Chikhalidwe china cha mitunduyi ndikupeza mtundu wofiyira wowonekera kuchokera mbali zonse atangotha kugwira. Blanching imachitika pakadutsa maola 4-5, ndiye nsomba iyi imasuta, monga akunenera, "pomwepo" kuti isunge "chiwonetsero" chake. Mullet wofiira womwe umagulitsidwa ndi utoto wowoneka bwino umawerengedwa kuti ndiwosayenerera kudyedwa (chifukwa umaphika)
Kanema: Mullet wofiira
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Anthu ena okonda kudya mosiyanasiyana (osasaka mikondo) amakhala nthawi yayitali akuyesa kukopa nsomba. Amatha kungowona nsombazi ndi ndevu pansi - mtundu woyambirira umawabisala bwino. Nthawi yomweyo, nsombazo sizimasiyana mwamantha, chifukwa chake, ngakhale ikapezeka, siyisambira kutali ndi osambira. Ambiri mwa iwo amatha kukopa sultanka pomupatsa chithandizo ngati zidutswa za mphutsi. Sadzasamala zokoma ngati izi!
Koma osati akatswiri azam'madzi okha omwe amasangalatsidwa ndi mullet wofiira - nsomba iyi imalemekezedwanso chifukwa chazakudya zake zam'mimba, ili ndi kukoma kodabwitsa. Nsomba zamtunduwu zimakondedwa chifukwa cha kukoma kwake. Nthawi yomweyo, mullet wofiira amadziwika kuti ndi chinthu chothandiza kwambiri. Nyama yake imakhala ndi pafupifupi 20 magalamu a mapuloteni - malinga ndi magalamu 100 a kulemera. Koma zomwe zili ndi mafuta athanzi m'menemo ndizochepa (kutanthauza polyunsaturated fatty acids). Pa 100 g ya mankhwala - osaposa 4 g wamafuta. Mfundo zofunika kwa iwo omwe akufuna kuonda: mullet wofiira amadziwika ndi mafuta ochepa, motero ndizomveka kwa iwo omwe akufuna kuchotsa kunenepa kwambiri kuti amvetsere zakudya zam'madzi.
Mullet wofiira ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri ngati nsomba yoyamba kuphatikizidwa pazakudya za makanda - imatha kupatsidwa miyezi 9-10. Pali zidziwitso kuti kumwa nsomba iyi kumakhudza khungu la ana. Ndikulimbikitsidwanso kudya mullet wofiira kwa othamanga ndi anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amtima - zimakupatsani mwayi kuti mubwezeretse nyonga mutalimbikira kwambiri thupi. Koma kwa odwala matendawa, nsombayi imakhumudwitsidwa kwambiri.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Momwe mullet wofiira amawonekera
Kutalika kwa mullet wofiira wamkulu kumasiyana pamasentimita 20 mpaka 30. Ena, makamaka asodzi opambana, anali ndi mwayi wokhala ndi zitsanzo za mullet wofiira, kutalika kwake kunali masentimita 45! Koma awa anali milandu yamasewera, posachedwa kupambana kumeneku kumalembedwa mocheperako, ngakhale anglers amateur amayamikira kwambiri nsomba iyi.
Thupi la mullet wofiira limakhala lopindika ndipo limakhala lathyathyathya, lopanikizika kuchokera mbali. Mapeto a caudal ndi aatali, koma kumatako ndi kumbuyo, m'malo mwake, ndi achidule kwambiri. Zitsanzo zofiira mullet (zonse zazimuna ndi zachimuna) zili ndi mutu wokulirapo wokhala ndi maso otalika kwambiri. Pokhala ndi mano ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi minyewa, pakamwa pake pamakhala pamunsi pamutu, womwe umatsika mwamphamvu, pafupifupi mphuno. Asodzi ambiri amadziwa mullet wofiira asanayambe kuwedza kumtunda - pokhala ndi ndevu ziwiri zazitali (ziwalozi ndizofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa nsombazo zimagwiritsa ntchito kupukuta mchenga kapena silt).
Ngakhale zonse zam'mimba, mullet wofiira sakhala ndi chidwi kwenikweni ndi asodzi chifukwa chakuchepa kwake. Chifukwa chake, nsombayo imakhalabe (makamaka) chinthu chofunikira pakuwedza amateur komanso zokoma kwa alendo. Mullet wofiira satumizidwa kunja ndipo sanatumizidwe ngakhale kumadera ena, chifukwa chake ndi alendo okha omwe afika kumalo ogulitsira a Nyanja Yakuda ndi Azov akhoza kudya. Nthawi yomweyo, munthu sangazindikire phindu la mullet wofiira - amafotokozedwa ndi zinthu zothandiza zomwe zili mmenemo mambiri. Komanso, madokotala amalimbikitsa kwambiri nsomba iyi chifukwa imakhala ndi mavitamini A, B ndi E.
Kuphatikiza apo, nyama yofiira mullet imakhala ndi pantothenic acid ndi mchere. Ndizotsimikizika mwasayansi kuti Black Sea mullet yofiira ndi gwero lofunikira lazinthu zazing'ono komanso zazikulu.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ofooka kwa mafupa amalangizidwa kuti adye mafupa ofiira a mullet (omwe ali ndi calcium).
Kodi mullet wofiira amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Black mullet wofiira mullet
Mitunduyi imakhala m'nyanja zamchere za Atlantic, Pacific ndi Indian Ocean. Ku Russia, kufalikira mu Nyanja Yakuda ndi Azov. Anthu aku Turkey akuwedza mwachangu mullet wofiira ku Nyanja ya Mediterranean. Masukulu a nsomba amakonda kuya kuyambira 15 mpaka 30 mita. Nthawi zambiri amasankha malo amchere kapena amchenga pansi - pamenepo mullet ofiira ndiosavuta kupeza chakudya pamenepo. Nthawi zina (kawirikawiri) nsomba zimapezekanso pamiyala.
Komabe, funso lakukula kwa nsombayi liyenera kufotokozedwa. Chomwe chimachitika ndichakuti mullet wodziwika bwino si mtundu umodzi, koma mtundu wonse wa nsomba za banja lofiira mullet, lotchedwanso sultanki. Komanso, mtundu uwu umaphatikizapo mitundu 4 yomwe imasiyana pang'ono kunja (zomwe zimatchedwa mawonekedwe a morphometric).
Koma mitunduyo imasiyanasiyana kwambiri:
- mullet wofiira kapena sultanka wamba (m'Chilatini - Mullus barbatus). Ndi iye amene amatumikira monga chokoma chokondedwa cha alendo. Kugawidwa (makamaka) m'nyanja za Azov, Black ndi Mediterranean, komanso pafupi ndi gombe lakum'mawa kwa Atlantic Ocean;
- Mediterranean sultana, alinso ndi millet yofiira (mu Chilatini - Mullus surmuletus). Amapezeka (nthawi zambiri) ku Mediterranean, Black and Baltic Seas, komanso North-East Atlantic;
- mullet wofiira wagolide (Mullus auratus). Amapezeka kokha ku Western Atlantic;
- Mullus argentinae (Argentina, South American mullet wofiira). Nsombazi zimatha kugwidwa pagombe la Brazil, Uruguay ndi Argentina;
- Asodzi amateur amatsimikizira kuti nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi kuwedza sultanka mozama pafupifupi 15-30 metres, koma pakhala pali zochitika zokumbukira zawo pomwe masukulu ofiira mullet adapezeka ndi echoer sounder mita 300 kuchokera pamwamba pamadzi.
Nthawi zambiri, nsomba imapita mozama kwambiri ndikayamba nyengo yozizira. Amakonda kukhala nthawi yayitali pansi. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndikufunika kofunafuna chakudya - chakudya chake chimapezeka makamaka pansi, chifukwa chake mullet wofiira samatuluka pansi kuchokera pomwe adasankha. Apa ndizotheka kuti onse azipeza chakudya ndi kubisala kwa adani - izi zimathandizidwa ndi mawonekedwe a thupi ndi utoto. Wosaoneka pansi pamchenga, umakhala nyama yosavuta m'mbali yamadzi komanso pamtunda.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe nsomba zofiira mullet zimapezeka. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe amadya.
Kodi mullet wofiira amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Mullet wofiira ku Black Sea
Akuluakulu ofiira mullet amadyetsa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono - monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, zamoyo zonsezi zimakhala pansi. Kawirikawiri (pafupifupi konse) mullet wofiira amadya mazira kapena mwachangu za nsomba zina. Ngakhale mullet wamkulu wofiira atapeza chowotcha cha wina (zikhale nyama ya nyama yolanda nyama, yomwe achikulire amakonda kudya sultanka ndi mwachangu), nsombazo sizingakhudze.
Chifukwa chiyani izi sizikudziwika, chifukwa ma caviar ndi achinyamata a mullet ofiira nthawi zambiri amakhala opha nyama zam'madzi. Koma mullet wofiira sasiya "kusewera pa anthu olemekezeka", kukhutiritsa chilakolako chake ndi mitundu yochepa ya moyo. Ponena za mitundu ya menyu, panthawi yamasamba, mullet wofiira amayamba kudyetsa amphipods, mollusks, nyongolotsi zam'madzi ndi nkhanu. Kuphatikiza apo, mullet wofiira amalemekezanso nyongolotsi yanthawi zonse (nyambo yomwe amakonda kwambiri asodzi amateur), kuwonetsa kuluma bwino.
Mullet wofiira samakumana ndi zovuta pakuchotsa chakudya - tinyanga tawo ndiabwino kugwedeza nthaka ndikupeza chakudya. Vuto lalikulu pakufunafuna chakudya limakhala kubisa kwa adani ndi kuzindikira nyambo zowedza. Ndipo ngati mullet wofiira ali ndi zocheperako ndi zoyambazo, ndiye kuti ndiye kuti alibe chinyengo cha nsomba zachabechabe ndi nsomba zina zamadzi, zomwe zikugwera pachikopa.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Nsomba zofiira mullet
Nsomba iyi imakhala nyengo yozizira yakuya pafupifupi 60 - 90 m.Pofika mullet wofiira masika amasunthika m'miyendo. Mayendedwe a kusamuka (nthawi zambiri) ndi awa - m'mbali mwa nyanja za Caucasus ndi Crimea molunjika Kerch. Kutentha kwamadzi am'nyanja kukafika 14-16 °, nsomba zimayamba kusambira kupita pagombe ambiri - kusefukira kwamphamvu kumeneku kumafotokozedwa ndi chikhumbo chofiyira mullet kuti abwerere kwawo komwe amakhala, komwe kali pagombe kokha.
Caviar imamera pansi - ndizomveka, chifukwa ndipamene ndimakonda kwambiri. Pafupifupi, pali 1.5-2 miliyoni mwachangu mullet mullet wofiira aliyense wamkazi. Mwachangu mullet amadya zooplankton, ndipo kuti adzipatse kudzidalira kwakukulu amasambira m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, osangoyimba. Panthawi yobzala, nsomba zofiira mullet zimawoneka bwino; imakhala yoyenera kubereka pafupifupi zaka 1-2.
Nthawi yayitali ya mullet wofiira sikudutsa zaka 12, ngakhale ochepa okha ndi omwe amakhala ndi moyo wolemekezedwa chonchi. Nsombayi ili ndi adani ambiri, ndipo kuchuluka kwa anthu kumaperekedwa ndi chonde chokha. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwonongeka kwachilengedwe sikungakhudze kwambiri mullet wofiira.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Mullet wofiira wanyanja
Mullet wofiira wakuda ndi imodzi mw nsomba zomwe zimapezeka kwambiri m'madzi. Njira yoberekera imatha kudziwika motere. Anthu amakula msinkhu wazaka ziwiri ndipo amayamba kubereka. Nthawi yokolola imatha kuyambira zaka khumi ndi ziwiri kapena zitatu za Marichi mpaka Juni. Kawirikawiri, sultan amasankha malo amchenga pansi, omwe ali mozama pafupifupi mamita 10-40, kuti aswane ndi kuikira mazira.
Pakubereka, yaikazi imatha kutulutsa mazira opitilira 10,000. Amuna ali othamanga kuchiza mazira onse osungidwa ndi umuna mwachangu. Zitatha izi, caviar imakwera pamwamba pamadzi. Mphutsi zimayamba kuthyola pakadutsa masiku 2-3 kuchokera pa umuna.
Pambuyo pa miyezi 2-2.5, kutalika kwa thupi la mphira wofiira kumatenga masentimita 4 mpaka 5. Mwachangu nthawi zambiri amasambira pafupi ndi gombe kuti adzipezere chakudya pansi. Mtundu wawo ndi wofanana ndi wa akuluakulu. Miyezi ina isanu ndi umodzi idzadutsa, ndipo nsomba zazing'ono zomwe zidabadwa zitha kukhala zosazindikirika kuchokera kwa akulu (mu mawonekedwe a morphometric). Ndi ochepa okha omwe adzapulumuke mpaka pano - ndipo ndi ochepa okha omwe adzapirire nyengo yozizira konse.
Nsombayi ili ndi adani ambiri komanso chitetezo chofooka kwa adani ambiri, omwe amawona nyama yofiira mullet kuti ndiyabwino kwambiri. Zinangochitika kuti tinyanga tating'onoting'ono tomwe, tomwe nsomba imamasula mchenga posaka chakudya, ndi chizindikiro chowulula kubisala - nsomba zolusa zimadziwa bwino kuti "nkhomaliro" yawo ili ndi tinyanga tating'onoting'ono.
Adani achilengedwe a mullet wofiira
Chithunzi: Momwe mullet wofiira amawonekera
Kuwonongedwa kwakukulu kwa nsomba izi ndi adani achilengedwe (osati ngakhale anthu) ndichimodzi mwazifukwa zazikulu zakuchepa kwa anthu. Mavuto (ndi akulu) amayamba kuyambira zaka zazing'ono kwambiri. Caviar ndi ang'onoang'ono, obadwa kumene komanso osasinthika molingana ndi nkhanza zofiira pabere lofiira ndizabwino kwambiri kwaomwe amakhala m'madzi / m'nyanja. Koma zomwe zilipo - pachakudya ichi nthawi zonse pamakhala "mzere wonse" wa iwo amene akufuna. Ngakhale nsomba zodyetsa sizimadana ndi kudya mullet wofiira caviar.
Koma achikulire ofiira mullet ali ndi chidwi, makamaka, ndi nsomba zolusa zazing'ono ndi zazing'ono. Poganizira momwe moyo wa mullet wofiira umakhalira (nthawi zonse umasaka chakudya masana, kutakasa mchenga ndi tinyanga tomwe timatulutsa), nsomba iyi imasakidwa ndi odyetsa masana okhaokha.
Ndiye kuti, adani ake akulu ndi tambala wam'nyanja, katran, mackerel wamahatchi, ruff ndi flounder. Payokha, muyenera kuganizira za omalizira - monga wokhala pansi, ndiye amene amawononga mazira ofiira a mullet ndi ana ake. Kupatula apo, ndikosavuta kuti iye apeze nsomba zofananira zapansi monga iyemwini - makamaka ngati nyamayo "imadzivulaza" chifukwa cha kusasamala kwake.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Red mullets
Chiwerengero cha mullet wofiira munyanja ya Black, Azov ndi Mediterranean chakhala chikuchepa posachedwa - ngakhale kuti kuwedza nsomba iyi ndi kofooka kwambiri (chifukwa chakuchepa kwachuma, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa nsombazo komanso zovuta kuzisodza pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamalonda).
Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mullet wofiira ndikufalikira kumafotokozedwa ndi ichthyologists ndi izi:
- kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa ziwombankhanga, zomwe mullet wofiira (makamaka mazira ake ndi mwachangu) ndimakonda kwambiri. Asayansi akuwona chifukwa cha izi posokoneza zachilengedwe zam'madzi;
- kuphwanya zachilengedwe, zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi mpweya wa mafakitale, kuchuluka kwake komwe kumagwera makamaka m'malo am'mphepete mwa nyanja - malo okondedwa a mullet wofiira;
- poaching of mullet wofiira. Ngakhale kuti nsomba zofiyira mullet sizikukula kwenikweni, asodzi ambiri, pofuna kusangalatsa alendo ndi chakudya chokoma chotere, amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosodza zosaloledwa. Muthanso kukumana ndi nsomba zofiira mullet mukamabereka.
Pofuna kubwezeretsa kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamtengo wapatali choterechi, asayansi akufuna kuti chaka chimodzi chiletse kusodza konse. Koma pakadali pano njirazi sizinatengedwe - mitunduyo siili mu Red Book (m'boma lililonse), kotero akuluakulu amakhulupirira kuti molawirira kwambiri msanga, ndipo ndizopanda phindu kukana alendo kusangalala kudya nsomba zoterezi. Mwachitsanzo, ku Italy kuli malo odyera ambiri - Porto Maltese, omwe adadzipangira mbiri pazakudya zofiira, alendo ambiri ku malo odyera odabwitsa ku Italy amapita koyambirira.
Mullet wofiira - mtundu wamtengo wapatali wa nsomba m'mawu am'mimba. Kuphatikiza pa kuti ili ndi kukoma kodabwitsa, ili ndi michere yambiri, mavitamini, zinthu zazing'ono ndi zazikulu. Pokhala makamaka m'mphepete mwa nyanja, nsomba ndizomwe zimasodza. Ndi asodzi omwe amachita masewerawa omwe amapereka mullet wofiira kumalo osungira utsi ndi malo ogulitsa nsomba, komwe alendo akumizinda yakunyanja angasangalale ndi chakudyachi. Poganizira kuti m'chilengedwe, ambiri okhala m'madzi samanyalanyaza kuwona mullet wofiira pamndandanda wawo, nsomba zikuchepa pang'onopang'ono - kuthekera kwake komwe sikungalole kuti kuthana ndi chidwi chowonjezeka choterocho.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 08/17/2019
Tsiku losintha: 08/17/2019 ku 0:29
