Echidna zochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe ake, popeza sizidziwikiratu kuti ndi nyama ziti zomwe zili pafupi. Amawoneka kuti ali ndi singano, osati chimbudzi kapena nungu, amene amawononga nyerere, koma alibe chochita ndi malo obisalira. Chomwe chiri chodabwitsa kwambiri ndi njira yakubereketsa ndi kulera anawo: amaikira mazira, koma amadyetsa anawo ndi mkaka, ngakhale osachokera ku nsonga zamabele. Ndiponso amanyamula ana mu thumba.
Amakhalanso kumayiko odabwitsa kwambiri - ku Australia. Zinali zoseketsa ponena za nyama izi: pakukhalapo kwake, echidna imanyoza asayansi. Zowonadi, akatswiri ambiri sanamvetse, ndipo mpaka lero echidna ili yosangalatsa kwa iwo. Anthu amderali amatchedwanso echidnu nyamayi.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Echidna
Echidna ndi imodzi mwazinyama zakale kwambiri padziko lapansi. Ndili m'gulu lapadera la nyama zoyambirira. Lamulo lokhalo pano ndi monotremes (mu mtundu wina - oviparous), womwe umaphatikizapo mitundu isanu ya nyama. Awiri mwa iwo ndi echidna komanso prochidna ya banja la echidna. Mitundu ina itatu yochokera ku banja la platypus si nyama zosangalatsa ayi.
Echidnas adakhala ndi gawo limodzi losinthika, lomwe lidawonekera zaka 180 miliyoni zapitazo ndipo lidachokera kuzinyama zakale kwambiri Padziko Lapansi - nyama zakumwera. Adapeza Jurassic ndi ma dinosaurs. Mwina zaka 25 miliyoni zapitazo, ma echidna adatuluka m'madzi kupita kumtunda. Anasunga zolandirira kuti aziponyera mikondo, kuti agwire nyama zamagetsi zosuntha zamagetsi. Kukhoza kusambira bwino pamadzi komanso pansi pamadzi kwasungidwanso.
Kalasi ya monotremes imadziwika ndikuchotsa kwa genitourinary system ndi matumbo m'malo amodzi - cloaca. Izi sizofanana ndi zinyama, ndipo zimasiyanitsa ma duwa pakati pawo.
Echidna ili ndi mitundu iwiri yaying'ono:
- Waku Australia;
- Chitamariya.
Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu ndikumadera omwe akukhalamo komanso kukula kwa echidna waku Tasmanian poyerekeza ndi waku Australia. Nthawi zina ubweya wochulukirapo umadziwika kale.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Animal echidna
Echidnas ndi nyama zazing'ono. Kulemera kwawo kumasiyana makilogalamu awiri mpaka atatu mpaka kilogalamu asanu mpaka asanu ndi awiri. Kutalika kwa thupi nthawi zambiri kumakhala pakati pa 30 mpaka 50 cm, koma nthawi zina, malinga ndi magwero ena, kumatha kufikira masentimita 70. Koma ndizotheka kuti kukula kwakukulu kotero sikutanthauzanso ma echidnas, koma ma prochidnas - izi sizinakwaniritsidwe makina.
Nyamayo imakhala ndi mchira waung'ono, nthawi zambiri imawoneka ngati kaching'onoting'ono. Mutu ndi waung'ono, wopapatiza, wosongoka, kuphatikiza bwino thupi. Pali mulomo wautali, wopapatiza, wowongoka, wonenepa, mpaka 75 mm kutalika. Mano akusowa ndipo pakamwa pamangotsegula mamilimita ochepa. Lilime lalitali limamatira, pomwe chakudya chimamatira.
Kanema: Echidna
Palibe ma auricles, komabe nyama zimamva bwino. Mphamvu ya kununkhira imapangidwanso kwambiri mu echidna, koma masomphenya siabwino kwambiri. Ngakhale malinga ndi malipoti ena amalemba kuti maso a echidna ndi owopsa, koma malingaliro asayansi ndiosiyana pankhaniyi. Chodabwitsa cha ma echidnas ndi kupezeka kwa khungu pakamwa, lokhala ndi mankhwala - ma electrolocators. Nyama zamakono zamasiku ano sizimatha kulanda magetsi azinyama zozungulira, pomwe echidna idazisunga.
Zala zake ndi zazing'ono ndi zala zisanu iliyonse, kumapeto kwa zala zake zimakhala ndi zikhadabo zamphamvu zophwatalala. Pa miyendo yakumbuyo pali claw imodzi yayitali kwambiri, yomwe nyama imaluma ndikuchotsa tiziromboti. Thupi lonse limakutidwa ndi tsitsi lolira, pamphuno ndi m'mphepete mwake ndi lalifupi. Thupi limaphimbidwanso ndi singano zopanda pake mpaka mainchesi sikisi kutalika. Mtundu wa malayawo ndi bulauni, wakuda, singano pamizu zimakhala zachikaso, ndipo kumapeto kwake ndi zakuda, koma atha kukhala achikasu kwathunthu.
Echidnas ali ndi minofu yotukuka kwambiri, ngakhale atakhala ochepa thupi, amatha kutembenuza zinthu mozama. Nthawi zambiri amachita izi ndi nyerere, koma pamakhala milandu pomwe munthu yemwe anali kunyumba ndi munthu amasuntha mipando yolemetsa.
Kodi echidna amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Red echidna
Echidnas amakonda zomera zowirira. Malo okhalamo nthawi zambiri amakhala nkhalango, momwe amatha kubisala munthambi, mitengo. Echidnas amakonda kubisala pakati pa mizu, m'mitsinje ya mitengo ikuluikulu yowola, zitsa. Amathanso kutenga mipando ya anthu ena, yomwe idakumba ndi hares kapena wombat nthawi imodzi. Amatha kukumba maenje ambiri ndikukumbamo, pangozi kapena nkhawa yayikulu. Amakhala nthawi yotentha kwambiri masana m'malo oterewa, ndipo kukayamba kulowa amatuluka ndikuyamba ntchito yawo.
Komabe, si nkhalango zokhazokha zomwe zimakhala malo awo okhala, zimapitilizanso kuyenda bwino m'malo owoloka komanso m'malo am'chipululu. Amatha kukhala pafupi ndi madera olimapo, koma amachita manyazi kupita kwa anthu. Zachidziwikire, amadalira chakudya, ndipo ngati ali ndi chakudya chokwanira, mtunda uliwonse ungachite. Ma echidna a m'mapiri amadziwika; mwa miyala yomwe ili m'mapanga ang'onoang'ono, amatha kugona bwino.
Chinthu chokha chomwe echidna sichilekerera ndi kusintha kwa kutentha; kuzizira kwambiri amakhala olema ndipo amatha kubisala. Alibe gland ofundira thukuta chifukwa chake samatha kutentha kwambiri. Mwachilengedwe, ma echidna amakhala ku Australia konse, komanso amagawidwa pang'ono ku New Guinea, Tasmania ndi zilumba za Bass Strait.
Kodi echidna imadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: echidna yaku Australia
Echidnas amadya tizilombo, sizachabe kuti m'modzi mwa asayansi adayesa kuziyesa nyamakazi. Ndi nyerere ndi chiswe zomwe zimapanga maziko a zakudya zawo. Amang'amba nyerere mosavuta, amakankhira ndi kutembenuza miyala, kukumba pansi ndi thunthu la mphuno.
M'nkhalango, amafunafuna chakudya pakati pa mitengo yovunda, pomwe amachotsa makungwa ake ndi mphuno. Tizilombo tambiri titha kupezeka pamenepo. Mphuno imathandiza kwambiri pa chakudya. Amakhala ndi fungo labwino. Nthawi zonse amafunafuna chakudya mothandizidwa nawo: amatha kumangoyesa malowo, ndikuponyera thunthu pansi pa mosses, masamba akugwa ndi nthambi zazing'ono.
Ndi lilime lokakamira, a Yezidnis amatenga chakudya ndikuchimeza. Pazu wa lilime pali mano ang'onoang'ono omwe echidna amapera chakudya. Chodabwitsa, monga mbalame, zimameza mwadala timiyala ndi mchenga, womwe pambuyo pake umagaya chakudya m'mimba. Kuphatikiza pa nyerere ndi chiswe, echidnas amadya nyongolotsi, slugs, molluscs ang'ono ndi zina zopanda mafupa.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Nyama ya Echidna yaku Australia
Echidna ndi nyama zokhazokha mwachilengedwe. Samalumikizana. Echidnas sakonda kusokonezedwa konse, nthawi yomweyo amatenga ndi chidani - amapindika kukhala mpira, monga ma hedgehogs ndikuwongola minga. Kuphatikiza apo, amakhala osamala kwambiri ndipo samapita kumalo komwe kuli nzika zambiri. Ndi nthawi yokhwima yokha pomwe amayamba kukopeka ndi amuna kapena akazi anzawo ndikumayang'ana mtundu wawo.
Nyamazi sizikhala chete, zikung'ung'uza ndi zida zomwe zili pafupi, ndipo zimangotulutsa zikung'a pofunafuna chakudya. Nthawi zambiri amakhala usiku. Amakonda kukhala nthawi yamasana ndi kutentha m'malo obisika, kupumula. Madzulo amatuluka kukasaka ndi kuyendayenda mpaka m'mawa.
Echidnas sakonda kuzizira kwambiri. M'nyengo yozizira, ntchito yawo imachepa kwambiri. Sangatuluke m'chipinda chawo chobisalira usiku wotsatira wosaka, koma amapita ku hibernation kwakanthawi kuti adikire nthawi yovuta. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti ma echidnas amakhala ndi kagayidwe kakang'ono kwambiri poyerekeza ndi zinyama zina. Kutentha kwa thupi kwawo sikukwera kuposa madigiri 32. Koma amatha kutsitsa mpaka madigiri 4. Chifukwa chake, amasinthidwa kuti azitha kugona.
Pankhaniyi, ma echidna amakhala ndi mafuta ochepa kwambiri, omwe amalandira michere panthawi yopuma. Kugona kwa nyama nthawi yozizira kumatha kukhala miyezi inayi. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti nyama izi zimatha kukhala kuthengo zaka 50, koma pafupifupi amakhala zaka 20. Nthawi ngati imeneyi ndiyachilendo kwambiri kwa nyama zazing'ono zotere. Akatswiri amati kutalika kwa nthawi yayitali kwakucheperako chifukwa chakuchedwa kwakapangidwe kazachilengedwe.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Echidna
Ndi kuyamba kwa nyengo yozizira yaku Australia, pofika Meyi, ma echidnas amasonkhana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Amakopeka ndi fungo lapadera lomwe limatulutsidwa ndi anthu panthawiyi. Amuna angapo amalumikizana ndi wamkazi m'modzi ndikudziyesa kuti akwatirana naye. Kuyenda limodzi ndikukhala limodzi kumatha kukhala pafupifupi mwezi umodzi. Akawona kuti chachikazi ndi chokwanira kukwatirana, amunawo adzapikisana. Amakumba ngalande mozungulira chachikazi ndipo champhongo chilichonse chimayesera kukankhira anzawo kunja kwa bwalolo. Wopambana m'modzi m'modzi wotsala amapeza mwayi wopatsa amayi.
Komanso, mkaziyo amatha kusankha mnzake, poyerekeza ndi wamwamuna m'modzi amatha kuchepa ndikusinthana singano, ndipo winayo, m'malo mwake, amatha kupezeka nthawi yomweyo. Kuswana ndikutalika, pafupifupi ola limodzi ndipo kumachitika mbali. Chida chosangalatsa cha mbolo yamphongo echidna. Choyamba, ndi chachikulu, pafupifupi masentimita asanu ndi awiri, kukula kwake konse kwa chinyama. Kachiwiri, ili ndi mitu inayi ndi mitsempha. Minga zimapangidwa kuti zithandizire mazira achikazi. Mitu imagwiritsidwa ntchito mosinthana, iwiri imodzi, popeza nyini yachikazi imakhalanso iwiri.
Pambuyo pa umuna, pambuyo pa masabata 3-4, mkazi amayika dzira limodzi lokha, ndi thumba. Zitha kuchitika nthawi yozizira. Dzira ndi laling’ono kwambiri, limangokhala magalamu amodzi ndi theka. Chikwama chazimayi chimangowonekera nthawi ino, kenako chimazimiririka. Mpaka pano, sizikudziwika kwa asayansi momwe akazi ochokera ku cloaca amasamutsira dzira m'thumba. Amadziwika kuti madzi omata amatuluka m'mimba omwe amakupatsani mwayi wopeza dzira lokulungika, koma mawonekedwe enieniwo sakudziwika.
Chifukwa chake, amakhalabe ndi dzira m'thumba masiku khumi. Mwana wamwamuna uja amaswa tinthu tating'ono kwambiri, sentimita imodzi ndi theka lokha, wadazi komanso wopanda chochita, amakhalabe m'thumba la mayi kwa masiku pafupifupi 50. Masiku onsewa, mwana amadya mkaka wa mayi, womwe sumatuluka m'mabele, monga zilombo zonse, koma pakhungu ndi malaya. Ndi kuchokera ku ubweya, mkati mwa thumba, momwe mwana amanyambita, ndikupeza zonse zomwe amafunikira.
Munthawi imeneyi, amakula mwamphamvu ndipo amalemera mpaka 400 g. Masingano amayamba kuwoneka ndipo amayi ake sakumuthanso kuvala. Pofuna kuti asabayele mkatimo, amamuika mdzenje lomwe amakumba ndikumubweretsera chakudya cha achikulire pamenepo. Izi zimachitika masiku ochepa komanso mocheperapo nthawi iliyonse. Mwana akangomva kuti wakwanitsa kutuluka, amachoka pachisa ndikupeza ufulu.
Adani achilengedwe a echidnas
Chithunzi: Animal echidna
Echidna ilibe chidwi ndi aliyense, chifukwa ndi yovuta komanso yowopsa, yosagwirizana. Momwemo idzakhotakhota kukhala mpira ndipo palibe chifukwa chofikira. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti ngakhale kwa munthu yemwe atha kupeza njira yosakira echidna, siosangalatsa. Chikopa chokhala ndi singano ndichosavomerezeka kulikonse ndipo osayesa kuchipeza. Nyamayo idayesedwa kale ndipo yapezeka yopanda pake. Chifukwa chake, munthu amatha kugwira ma echidna kokha m'malo osungira nyama ndi kafukufuku. Osati anthu ambiri omwe amafunikira izi.
Komabe zolusa zingapo zimatha kusaka echidna:
- agalu a dingo;
- amphaka odyetsa;
- nkhumba;
- nkhandwe;
- kuyang'anira abuluzi.
Amatha kupha echidna pamalo olimba ngati atha kugwira pamimba. Kuphatikiza apo, chinyama sichimakana ndipo zilombo zomwe zimadya zimapewa singano. Koma, zachidziwikire, ma echidnas samagonja mosavuta, amathamanga, ngakhale samathamanga kwambiri. Amayesa kubisala m'mapanga, mabowo, mabowo m'mizu ndi mitengo. Ngati sakhala pafupi, atha kuyamba kukumba pansi pomwepo ndikubowolera kuti singano zokha zakumbuyo zizikhala pamwamba. Kuphatikiza pa kuwopseza kwamoyo, palinso ngozi ina yama echidnas - iyi ndi misewu ikuluikulu. Nthawi zambiri, magalimoto amawagunda usiku.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Beast Echidna
Kuchuluka kwa mitunduyi kuli bwino. Chilombochi sichimangoganizira zachilengedwe ndipo chimakhala mdziko lonse lapansi. Chinthu chachikulu pa ma echidnas ndi kupezeka kwa chakudya chokwanira. Palibe kuchepa kwa echidna komwe adalembetsedwa ndi akatswiri. Izi ndizosadabwitsa, potengera mawonekedwe ake oswana: pambuyo pake, mkazi amakhala ndi mwana mmodzi kamodzi. Komabe, zonse zili mchikhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe achilengedwe.
Anthu omwe agwidwa kuthengo amakhalanso m'malo osungira nyama. Komabe, kuswana kunanenedwapo kamodzi kokha. Ana obadwa ogwidwa anamwalira molawirira kwambiri. Ichi ndi chinsinsi china cha asayansi: chomwe chimasowa kwenikweni kuchokera kwa njoka zomwe zimagwidwa. Ngakhale pakadali pano, zambiri sizikudziwikabe momwe mitunduyo imakhalira komanso mawonekedwe ake. Echidna nyama yachilendo, akatswiri adzapereka kafukufuku wambiri kwa iwo, chifukwa amanyamula zidziwitso kuyambira nthawi zakale kwambiri.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 17.02.2019
Tsiku losintha: 09/16/2019 ku 0:27
