Nyerere mkango Ndi kachilombo kamene kamatchulidwa ndi mphutsi yomwe imadya, yomwe imagwira nyerere ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono m'mabowo omwe anakumbidwa pansi. Mikango imapezeka padziko lonse lapansi, makamaka m'malo ouma, amchenga. Ndi tizirombo tambiri tambiri tambiri tosiyanasiyana ta mitundu yosiyanasiyana, tomwe timakhala ndi maudindo ofanana kwambiri ndi nyerere.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Nyerere mkango
Mikango ndi gulu la tizilombo m'ndondomeko ya Retinoptera. Mwadongosolo ili, amagawidwanso m'banja la Ant lion, lomwe lachokera ku Greek kuchokera ku myrmex, kutanthauza nyerere, ndi leon, kutanthauza mkango.
Kanema: Nyerere mkango
Mwaukadaulo, mawu oti "mkango wa nyerere" amatanthauza magawo osakhwima kapena abungu a m'banjali. Mphutsi za nyerere zimadya, pomwe gawo lalikulu limadya timadzi tokoma ndi mungu. Mphutsi ndi zolusa zolusa za nyerere ndi tizilombo tina tating'onoting'ono tomwe timalowa m'maenje omangika.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Mphutsi za nyerere zimadziwikanso kuti zilembo. Dzina lakutchulidwali likuwoneka kuti limatanthawuza njira zokhotakhota zomwe mphutsi zazing'ono zimayenda mumchenga, kufunafuna malo oyenera omangira nyumba yawo yamatenda. Mapazi akuwoneka ngati wina anali akunyinyirika mumchenga. Nyumba ya grub mumchenga ndi msampha watsopano wa tizilombo wodziwika ngati dzenje.
Mphutsi za nyerere ndi zina mwa tizilombo tosangalatsa kwambiri. Amapezeka m'chigawo cha Galveston-Houston, koma osati zochuluka. Mikango ya nyerere imapezeka kwambiri kumadera okhala ndi dothi lamchenga.
Chifukwa chake, amapezeka m'malo otere.:
- Piney Woods (Kum'mawa kwa Texas);
- Phiri (pakati pa Texas);
- m'dera la gombe lapakati pa Gulf of Texas.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Momwe mkango wa nyerere umawonekera
Mwana wamkulu wa nyerere amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi tinyanga tawo titalitali. Ndi woyendetsa ndege wosauka, akuuluka mumlengalenga usiku kufunafuna wothandizira. Wamkulu samadyetsa ana ndipo amakhala ndi moyo waufupi masiku 20-25 kapena kupitilira apo (mpaka masiku 45). Monga nyama zonse, popanda kufunika kokwatirana, majini amtunduwu adzatayika kwamuyaya. Gawo labwino kwambiri la moyo wake limayamba mzimayi wapakati atayikira mazira ake mumchenga, ndipo pambuyo pake mphutsi zosakhwima zimaswa m'mazirawo.
Mphutsi ya nyerere ndi cholengedwa choopsa, ndipo mutu wake uli ndi nsagwada zooneka ngati zenga (zooneka ngati nsagwada) zomwe zimakhala ndi zibangili zakuthwa. Zowonjezera zimakhala ndi kuboola ndi kuyamwa. Pogwira nyama, mphutsi imaziumitsa ndi poyizoni yemwe amaluma koyamba.
Ma enzyme owonjezera amathandizidwa kuti awononge ziwalo zamkati mwa wovutitsidwayo, ndipo nyongolotsiyo imayamwa timadziti tofunikira. Itatha kudya zakumwa zamthupi la wovulalayo, mbozi yamphongoyo imatulutsa mtembo wopanda moyo, wokhutitsidwa mdzenjemo. Kenako amamanganso dzenje la wotsatira wina wosayembekezereka.
Kutha kugonjetsa nyama, yomwe ndi yayikulu kwambiri kuposa iyo, makamaka chifukwa chakuti thupi lonse la mphutsi limakutidwa ndi ma bristles olimba, omwe amathandizira kulimangirira mumchenga, pomwe nthawi yomweyo amalimbana ndi zoyesayesa za wolanda. M'malo mwake, ma bristles amalunjika kutsogolo, zomwe zimapereka mwayi wowonjezera kuti amange zolimbitsa thupi lawo kulimbana mwamphamvu ndi nyama yake. Mphutsi za nyerere zomwe zakula bwino, zimatha kukula mpaka 1.2 cm. Wamkulu ndi 4 cm kutalika.
Kodi mkango umakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Mkango wa nyerere ku Russia
Mikango imapezeka m'malo ochepa m'chigawo chonse cha Galveston-Houston. Amapezeka nthawi zambiri kumadera a Texas ndi dothi lamchenga. Mkango wa nyerere ndi chimodzi cha zolengedwa zosaoneka zomwe zimakhala kumwera chakumadzulo kwa United States. Ichi ndi kachilombo kakang'ono kochititsa chidwi komwe kumawoneka kuthengo.
Ngakhale amakhala mdziko lopikisana kwambiri, nthawi zambiri m'malo osokonekera, okhala m'matauni, ndiwopulumuka m'malo ovuta. Ngati misampha yawo yaying'ono ngati crater mumchenga iwonongedwa ndi mphepo, mvula, nyama, kapena magalimoto odziwika bwino awiri, atatu, kapena anayi, amangomanganso ndikudikirira modekha nyama yotsatira. M'malo mwake, ndi luso komanso khama lomwe mosakayikira limafotokozera kupulumuka kwa mikango ya nyerere kwazaka mazana ambiri.
Mphutsi za nyerere zakhala zikugwiritsa ntchito njirayi kugwira nyama kwa zaka mamiliyoni ambiri osasintha pang'ono kapena ayi. Monga zolengedwa zina zodabwitsa, machitidwe awo achibadwa amakhala opangidwa ndi chibadwa, mbadwo watsopano uliwonse umadziwa bwino momwe ungagwirire ntchito zomwe zimawoneka zosatheka mwaluso komanso zaluso.
Tsopano mukudziwa kumene mkango umakhala. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe amadya.
Kodi mkango umadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Mkango wa nyerere mumchenga
Maenje a mikango ya nyerere amapangidwa ngati phirilo. Amapezeka m'malo ouma, otetezedwa ku mphepo yamphamvu ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa. Maenje nthawi zambiri amamangidwa pansi pa nyumba zomangidwa, pansi pa nyumba zothandizidwa, ndi zina zambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mainchesi a 2.5 mpaka 5 masentimita ndipo mozama pafupifupi momwemo. Mitundu ina ya nyerere imabisalanso pansi pa zinyalala kapena mitengo ndikuukira tizilombo todutsa.
Mphutsi ya nyerere imadikirira pansi pa dzenje lake kuti nyerere kapena tizilombo tina titsetsere pamchenga wosakhazikika ndi kugwa. Wosakondedwayo amagwera pakatikati pa dzenje ndipo nthawi yodyetsa mkango wa nyerere imayamba.
Nthawi zambiri nyama zolanda nyama zimayesetsa kukwera pamakoma otsetsereka. Kuyesayesa kofuna kupewa mikhalidwe nthawi zambiri sikulephera. Mphutsi ya nyerere imalepheretsa msangamsanga zoyesayesa zothawa mwa kugwedeza mitsinje yamchenga yosasunthika, yomwe imasokoneza khoma la dzenjelo ndipo potero imagwetsa nyama.
Zomangamanga zadzenje monga kupingasa, kutsetsereka, ndi kuya zimakhudza kupambana pakugwira nyama. Kugwira bwino ndikugwiritsa ntchito nyama kumadalira kuthekera kogwira nyama (kugundana) ndikuchepetsa mwayi woti wozunzidwayo athawe (chidebe). Zinthu ziwirizi ziyenera kukhala ndi tanthauzo pakukonzekera msampha. Mwachitsanzo, kukulitsa m'mimba mwake msampha kumawonjezera mwayi wokumana nawo, pomwe malo otsetsereka komanso kuya kwakuya kumawonjezera mwayi wosunga nyama.
Mphutsi zimadyetsa kwambiri nyerere ndi tizilombo tina tating'onoting'ono tomwe timalowa m'dzenje kuwonjezera pa akangaude ang'onoang'ono. Antlions achikulire amadya timadzi tokoma ndi mungu.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Tizilombo ta nyerere mkango
Antlion amadziwika kwambiri ndi misampha yawo yochenjera komanso njira yawo yochenjera yolowerera nyama mwa kupanga kugumuka kochepa. Misampha yawo iyenera kukhala yothandiza chifukwa chakudya cha nyerere ndi tizilombo tambiri ndipo chakhalapo kwazaka zambiri.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: M'chaka cha moyo, mbozi imasonkhanitsa misampha mazana ndipo imagwira mazana a tizilombo. Komabe, nthawi ikakwana, amadziwa mwachibadwa momwe angapangire chikuku choteteza pansi pa mchenga, pomwe pang'onopang'ono amasintha kukhala chrysalis ndipo kenako amakhala wamkulu wamapiko. Koko wamchenga wokhala ndi makhiristo ake owala a quartz, mica ndi feldspar ndi ntchito yojambula.
Mphutsi ikayamba kukumba dzenje latsopano, imayenda pang'onopang'ono mozungulira, ikugwedeza mchenga kuchokera kubowo pogwiritsa ntchito zibowo zake ndi pakati, pomwe imagwiritsa ntchito miyendo yake yamphongo yamphamvu kukumba mumchenga.
Dzenjelo limayamba kuzama pang'onopang'ono, mpaka mbali yokhotakhota ikafika pompumulo (ndiye kuti, malo okwera kwambiri omwe mchenga ungathe kupirira, pomwe watsala pang'ono kugwa kuchokera pakukhudza pang'ono). Dzenje likadzaza, mbozi imakhala pansi, imakwiriridwa m'nthaka, ndipo nsagwada zokha zimayenda pamwamba pake.
Nyerere yatsoka ikasochera mosadziwa ili mdzenje ndikuyesera kuthawa, mkango wa nyerere umagwetsa nyamayo ndi mchenga. Pogwetsa mchenga kuchokera pansi pa dzenjelo, mboziyo imawonongetsanso m'mbali mwa dzenjelo, ndikuwapangitsa kugwa ndikubweretsa nyama. Chifukwa chake, zilibe kanthu kuti ngati mbozi imapatsira nyamayo mvula yamchenga. Mwanjira ina, ngakhale nyerere ichite chiyani, imayenera kubwerera m'nsagwada zaimfa.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Nyerere mkango
Tizilombo timeneti timasinthasintha kwathunthu ndi magawo otsatirawa:
- dzira;
- mphutsi;
- chidole;
- wamkulu wamapiko.
Mphutsi nthawi zambiri imakhala yowawa, yopanda mapiko yokhala ndi nsagwada zazitali ngati chikwakwa. Ana nthawi zambiri amapezeka mumkaka wopanda silika, komabe, silika samapangidwa ndimatenda osinthidwa, monga tizilombo tambiri, koma amapangidwa ndi ma tubules a malpighian ndipo amazungulira kuchokera ku anus.
Mphutsi za nyerere zimanyamula m'nthaka. Akuluakulu amafanana ndi agulugufe ndi zokongola, kupatula kuti mkango wa nyerere umapinda mapiko ake kumbuyo ngati hema kwinaku ukupuma. Pambuyo pake, mboziyo imafika pachimake kwambiri ndipo imasinthidwa, pomwe imasanduka wamkulu wamapiko.
Nthawi yonse kuyambira dzira mpaka wamkulu imatha kutenga zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu. Kusintha kwanthawi yayitali kumeneku kumachitika chifukwa cha kusatsimikizika komanso kusasintha kwa chakudya. Ikayamba kuswa, mboziyo imakhazikika mu tizilomboti tating'onoting'ono kwambiri, koma ikakula, imapanga maenje akuluakulu ndikugwira nyama yayikulu.
Akakula mokwanira, mboziyo imapanga mphalapala wa mchenga wokhala ndi silika. Zikwama wamba kumwera chakumadzulo kwa United States ndizofanana kukula ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi zitosi zazikulu za akalulu ndipo zimatha kuyikidwa m'masentimita angapo mumchenga. Momwe mphutsi imagwirira ntchito pansi pamchenga osapeza mchenga mkati mwa cocoko ndizodabwitsa kwambiri.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Akuluakulu sawoneka kutchire chifukwa nthawi zambiri amakhala akhama madzulo. Mikango ya nyerere imapuma masana, nthawi zambiri imakhala yosayenda ndipo imabisalikika bwino ndi mapiko owonekera komanso matupi abulauni. Kuphatikiza apo, mosiyana ndi agulugufe, tinyanga tating'onoting'ono ta nyerere wamkulu timawonekera kwambiri ndipo pamapeto pake timakhala ndi mawonekedwe a mpira.
Adani achilengedwe a mikango ya nyerere
Chithunzi: Momwe mkango wa nyerere umawonekera
Mphutsi ya nyerere simakhala ndi adani, kapena majeremusi. Pali mavu a parasitic, Lasiochalcida pubescens, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zikhomo zake zolimba kuti agwire nsagwada za mbozi ya nyerere ndikuikira mazira pa mphutsi. Si mavu okhaokha amene amapasitsa mikango. Mphutsi za ntchentche ya ku Australia, Scaptia muscula, imathanso kuba nyama kuchokera m'maenje a mikango, zomwe zimadziwika kuti kleptoparasitism.
Mafangayi amathanso kumera m'matupi a mikango. Bowa uwu, wotchedwa Cordyceps japonensis Hara, umatulutsa timbewu timene timamatira pamatupi a antlions ofooka ndikukula, kutenga chakudya chonse kuchokera kwa omwe ali ndi antlion kupita nawo ku bowa. Mikango yolandirayo ikayamba kufooka pang'onopang'ono, ndipo pofika nthawi bowa wa tizilomboto atasanduka bowa, nyererezo zimafa.
Kwa ena onse, nyerere za mikango ndizo nyama zowononga zosawerengeka, zomwe zimatha kugunda nyama popanda kusiya mpata uliwonse wopulumuka. Pali mitundu ingapo ya nyerere yomwe imapangitsanso maenje amenewa, monga Dendroleon pantherinus. Amakhala m'matumba ndi mitengo kuti abzale nyama.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Mphutsi ya nyerere
Mikango yamphongo imaphatikizaponso mitundu yoposa 600 yofotokozedwa. Awiri mwa genera lofala kwambiri kumwera chakumadzulo kwa United States ndi mkango wamba wa ant ant ndi brachynemurus. Monga mamembala ena ambiri mgululi, mikango yayikulu nthawi zambiri imawonekera pamoto ndi moto, makamaka kumapeto kwa chirimwe ndi kugwa. Ali ndi awiriawiri awiriawiri, mapiko opapatiza okhala ndi mitsempha yambiri komanso mimba yayitali, yopyapyala. Ngakhale amafanana kwambiri ndi agulugufe ang'onoang'ono osagwirizana omwe amatchedwa okongola, ali m'gulu losiyana kwambiri ndi tizilombo. Mikango imakhala pamalo otetezeka.
Kugawidwa, momwe zimakhalira ndi chilengedwe cha mikango ya nyerere zidaphunziridwa ku Sandlings mu 1997. Kuwunika kumachitika m'malo angapo kuti muwone ngati mitundu ya zamoyozo ndi kuwona momwe zinthu zikusinthira chifukwa chomera kapena kuwonongeka kwa nyama kapena anthu. Chiwerengero cha maenje chidasindikizidwa mu lipoti lapachaka la projekiti ya Sandlings Walks, ndipo pambuyo pa lipoti la 1997, malo atsopano adapezeka. Kuwunikira mogwirizana kudzagwiranso ntchito mtsogolo. Kudziwitsa mitundu yakula chifukwa cha zofalitsa monga Walk of the Sandlings, Proceedings of the Suffolk Naturalists Society komanso tsamba latsopano la Sandlings.
Mbiri yoyamba yotsimikizika ya mikango ya nyerere inali mu 1931, ndipo pakhala pali malipoti a nthawi yayitali okalamba osakwatira kuyambira pamenepo. Mu 1997, 1998, ndi 2000, kafukufuku adawonetsa kuchuluka kwa anthu ku Suffolk Sandlings. Izi zitha kutanthauziridwa kuwonetsa kuti kachilomboka kakhala m'derali kwazaka 70 kapena kupitilira apo, koma chifukwa zimafunikira chidziwitso kuti mupeze ndikuzindikira nyerere mkango ndi mphutsi zobisika zomwe sizikudziwika. Kapenanso, derali likadatha kulamulidwa ndi akazi angapo okwatirana ku North Sea kuchokera kwa anthu aku Europe.
Nyerere mkango, monga akangaude, mapemphero opempherera ndi kafadala, mwakachetechete amapatsa anthu ndi dziko lonse lapansi zachilengedwe, zopanda poizoni. Kusintha kwawo kukhala achikulire ndikusintha kwamakhalidwe abwino kwa iwo - kuchokera kuzinyama zopanda pake amasanduka ntchentche yokoma yomwe imadya timadzi tokoma ndi mungu. Ndizosangalatsa kuonera, ndipo olemba zopeka zasayansi mwina amalimbikitsidwa ndi zolengedwa zoterezi.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 08/07/2019
Tsiku losintha: 28.09.2019 nthawi ya 22:59
