Arkhangelsk Pomors ndi asodzi aku Iceland adakongoletsa nyumba zawo popachika mitu ya zoumba zouma padenga, omwe ziphuphu zawo zazikulu zidakopa chidwi cha alendo.
Kufotokozera kwa catfish
Nsombazi zikuluzikulu ngati njoka zimawoneka ngati zouluka ndi zopota, koma sizimawoneka ngati ubale wapamtima nawo.... Catfish (Anarhichadidae) amakhala m'madzi ozizira / ozizira akumpoto kwa hemisphere ndipo ndi am'banja lomwe limalizidwa ndi ray.
Maonekedwe
Nsombazi zimakhala ndi dzina lodziwikiratu - chinthu choyamba chomwe chimakopa mukakumana nawo ndi zibambo zoyipa zapamwamba, zimangotuluka mkamwa. Nsagwada za catfish, monga nyama zambiri zomwe zimagwidwa ndi imfa, zimafupikitsidwa patsogolo, ndipo minofu yotafuna imatuluka ngati ma nodule. Msodzi wamkulu amadya fosholo kapena mbedza popanda kupsinjika, koma nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mano ake pazolinga zomwe akufuna - amatenga zipolopolo ndi zipolopolo. Nzosadabwitsa kuti mano amatha msanga ndipo kamodzi pachaka (nthawi zambiri m'nyengo yozizira) amatuluka, ndikupatsa ena omwe amatha kwathunthu patatha mwezi umodzi ndi theka.
Nsombazi zonse zimakhala ndi thupi lotambalala lomwe limapindika mwamphamvu poyenda. Mwa njira, kusinthasintha kowonjezeka kwa thupi, komanso kutalika kwa kutalika, kudakhala kotheka chifukwa cha kutayika kwa zipsepse za m'chiuno. Chowonadi chakuti makolo akutali anali ndi zipsepse zam'chiuno chikuwonetsedwa ndi mafupa a chiuno a nsombazi zamasiku ano zomangiriridwa lamba wamapewa. Mitundu yonse yamatchire imakhala ndi zipsepse zopanda utoto, ziphuphu zakumaso ndi kumatako, ndi zipsepse zazikulu zazikazi zooneka ngati mafani. Mapiko omaliza (ozunguliridwa kapena oduladula ngati nsomba zambiri zosambira pang'onopang'ono) amakhala kutali ndi zipsepse zina. Zitsanzo zina za catfish zimakula mpaka 2.5 m ndikulemera pafupifupi 50 kg.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
“Chigoba chimenechi ndi chofinya komanso chotuwa ngati lalanje lowola. Chosemphacho chimafanana ndi chilonda chosalekeza, ndi milomo yayikulu yotupa yomwe imafalikira m'lifupi mwake lonse. Kumbuyo kwa milomo mumatha kuwona zipsinjo zolimba ndi kamwa yopanda malire, yomwe, zikuwoneka, yatsala pang'ono kukumeza kwamuyaya ... "- ndi momwe McDaniel, waku Canada akuwopedwera ndi chilombo pakuya kwa mita 20 m'madzi a Briteni, adauza za msonkhano wake ndi Pacific catfish.
Nsomba zonse zimakhala ndi moyo wokhazikika: ndipamene amafunafuna chakudya, osanyoza pafupifupi zamoyo zilizonse. Pofika madzulo, nsomba zimapita kukasaka, kuti zibwerere kuphanga kwawo kotuluka dzuwa. M'nyengo yozizira ikamayandikira, msombayo amira kwambiri.
Ndizosangalatsa! Kukula kwa nkhandwe za Atlantic ndikofanana ndendende kuzama komwe amasungako. Pakuya kwambiri, Whitefish catfish m'zaka 7 imakula pafupifupi masentimita 37, Nyanja ya Barents inali ndi mizere - mpaka masentimita 54, yowonekera - mpaka 63 cm, ndi buluu - mpaka 92 cm.
Nsombazi zimasambiranso nthawi yotentha kuposa nthawi yozizira, koma (mosiyana ndi yamagulu akuluakulu) zimayenda mtunda wautali. Catfish wamba amakonda kupumula m'miyala pakati pa algae, kuwatsanzira osati mitundu yokha (mikwingwirima yakumbuyo yakuda-bulauni), komanso ndi kugwedezeka kwa thupi lomwe limangoyenda pang’onopang’ono. Pansi penipeni pomwe nsombazi zimalimbirana m'nyengo yozizira, mikwingwirima imatha ndipo imayamba kukhala yosaoneka, ndipo utoto wonsewo umakhala wonyezimira pang'ono.
Sizodabwitsa kuti nsombazi zimatchedwa nkhandwe yam'madzi (Anarhichas lupus): imatha, ngati nkhandwe yonse, imagwiritsa ntchito zibambo zamphamvu, kudzitchinjiriza ku mibadwo yamwano ndi adani akunja. Asodzi odziwa bwino ntchito yawo amasamalira nsomba zomwe agwidwawo mosamala, chifukwa amamenya mwamphamvu komanso kuluma kwambiri.
Ndi nsomba zingati zomwe zimakhala
Amakhulupirira kuti anthu achikulire omwe apulumuka mosangalala ndi zida zausodzi amatha kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 18-20.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mphalapala ndi nyama zobisalira. Poyambitsa kuluma pa ndodo yopota, nsomba imayamba kusekedwa. Mboni zowona zimatsimikizira kuti mphalapala ndiwosalinganika pogogoda zonyamula pamwala. Mwa njirayi, dzina lidapangidwa - kugwira pogogoda.
Zoyipa zakugonana
Zazikazi ndizocheperako kuposa zamphongo ndipo zili ndi utoto wakuda. Kuphatikiza apo, akazi alibe zotupa m'maso mwawo, milomo yawo siyotupa kwambiri, ndipo chibwano chawo sichimadziwika kwenikweni.
Mitundu ya mphalapala
Banjali lili ndi mitundu isanu, itatu mwa iyo (wamba, yowoneka bwino komanso yopanda buluu) imakhala kumpoto kwa Atlantic Ocean, ndipo awiri (Far Eastern ndi eel-like) asankha madzi akumpoto a Pacific Ocean.
Nsombazi (Anarhichas lupus)
Oimira mitunduyo ali ndi mano otukuka omwe amasiyanitsa nsombayi ndi yamawangamawanga komanso yamtambo. Patsaya lakumunsi, mano amasunthira kumbuyo kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zitheke bwino zipolopolo zomwe zimakumana ndi mavuto kuchokera ku nsagwada. Komanso, mitsamba yamagulu ndi yocheperako poyerekeza ndi yamawangamawanga ndi ya buluu - mitundu yopambana kwambiri sikukula kuposa 1.25 m ndikulemera kwa 21 kg.
Zowonongeka (Anarhichas wamng'ono)
Imakhala pakatikati pakati pa buluu ndi milozo catfish. Nsomba zamatope, monga lamulo, ndizazikulu kuposa zamizeremizere, koma zochepa kutsika kwa buluu, zikukula mpaka 1,45 m ndikulemera kopitilira 30 kg. Mano a tubercular omwe ali mu mphalapala wamatope samakulira kwenikweni kuposa nsombazi zamizere, ndipo mzere wa masanzi sunasamuke kupitirira mizere ya palatine. Mwachangu nsombazi zimakongoletsedwa ndi mikwingwirima yayikulu komanso yakuda yopingasa, yomwe imasanduka mabala akutali pakusintha kupita kumalo okhala pansi. Mawanga amasiyanitsidwa wina ndi mnzake, ndipo, ngati aphatikizika ndi mikwingwirima, kenako amakhala osiyananso pang'ono kuposa nsomba zamitundumitundu.
Nsomba za buluu (Anarhichas latifrons)
Amawonetsa mapangidwe ofooka kwambiri a mano opweteka, pomwe mzere wamavuto ndi wamfupi kwambiri kuposa mizere ya palatal, pomwe imakhala yayitali mu mphamba zina. Nsomba yayikulu ya buluu imasambira mpaka 1,4 mita ndikulemera 32 kg.
Amadziwikanso ndi nsomba zochititsa chidwi, zosachepera 2 mita kutalika. Katchi ya buluu imapangidwa utoto pafupifupi wa monochrome, mumayendedwe akuda okhala ndi mawanga osadziwika, omwe magulu awo ali ndi mikwingwirima ndiosazindikirika.
Chiwombankhanga chakummawa (Anarhichas orientalis)
Nkhandwe ya Far East imakula mpaka mamitala osachepera 1.15. Imadziwika pakati pa nkhandwe ya Atlantic ndi kuchuluka kwa ma vertebrae (86-88) komanso kunyezimira pachimake (53-55). Mano a tubercle ndi olimba kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa wamkuluyo kuphwanya zipolopolo zazikulu kwambiri. Mikwingwirima yakuda m'minyamata siyowoloka, koma mthupi: nsomba zikamakhwima, zimasokera m'malo am'deralo, omwe pambuyo pake amasiya kumveka bwino ndikusowa mdima wolimba.
Nsomba za Eel (Anarhichthys ocellatus)
Ndi yosiyana kwambiri ndi mphamba zonse, chifukwa chake imasankhidwa ngati mtundu winawake wapadera. Momwe mutu ndi mawonekedwe amano, nsomba ya mmbulu yofanana ndi eel imafanana ndi Far East, koma ili ndi thupi lalitali kwambiri lomwe lili ndi mafupa ndi ma radiation ochulukirapo (200) ndi zipsepse zakuthambo / kumatako.
Nsombazo zimakhala ngati nsombazi zikuluzikulu nthawi zambiri zimakhala mpaka mamita 2.5. Zinyama zamtunduwu zimakhala zazitali kwambiri, koma pambuyo pake mikwingwirima imasanduka mabala omwe amakhalabe owala mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo wa nsomba.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Catfish ndi nsomba zam'madzi zomwe zimakhala m'malo ozizira komanso ozizira a kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi.... Catfish imakonda alumali am'kontinenti ndipo imakhala pansi pake mozama kwambiri.
Mitunduyi ili ndi mitsinje ikuluikulu:
- gawo lakumadzulo la Nyanja ya Baltic ndi gawo lina la Kumpoto;
- Zilumba za Faroe ndi Shetland;
- kumpoto kwa Kola Peninsula;
- Norway, Iceland ndi Greenland;
- Magulu a Motovsky ndi Kola;
- Chilumba cha Bear;
- gombe lakumadzulo kwa Spitsbergen;
- Nyanja ya Atlantic yaku North America.
Mitundu iyi ya catfish imakhalanso ku Barents ndi White Sea. Kusuntha kwa ma shozi kumangofika kukafika kunyanja ndikusunthira pansi (mpaka 0.45 km).
Ndizosangalatsa! Nsomba zamphamba zam'madzi zimagwidwa pamalo omwewo (kupatula Nyanja ya Baltic, pomwe siyilowamo konse), koma zigawo zakumpoto zimakhalabe zochulukirapo kuposa zakumwera. Pamphepete mwa nyanja ya Iceland, pali nsomba zamizeremizere 20 pa nsomba imodzi yokha.
Amakhala, monga nsomba zina zam'madzi, pagombe ladziko lonse, koma amapewa gombe ndi ndere, amakonda kukhala wamkulu, mpaka theka la kilomita, kuya. Dera la catfish wabuluu limagwirizana ndi dera la nkhandwe, koma mosiyana ndi mitundu ina, imayenda mtunda wautali kwambiri ndikukhala kutalika, mpaka 1 km, kuya.
Nsomba za Far Eastern zimapezeka ku Norton Bay, pafupi ndi zilumba za Aleutian, Commander ndi Pribylov, komanso kunyanja kuchokera pafupifupi. Hokkaido (kumwera) kum'mawa kwa Kamchatka (kumpoto). Mbalameyi imapezeka pagombe la Pacific ku North America kuchokera ku California kupita ku Alaska (Chilumba cha Kodiak).
Zakudya zam'madzi
Osiyana amapeza nkhanu kuchokera m'matumba opanda zipolopolo / zipolopolo zomwe zakhala zikuyandikana pafupi ndi mapanga am'madzi... Ma molars amphamvu ndi mayini owopsa amafunikira ndi mphamba kuti agaye zamoyo zomwe zavala zida zankhondo kapena chitin.
Chakudya chomwe ndimakonda kwambiri:
- nkhandwe, kuphatikizapo nkhanu;
- nkhono;
- Zinyama zam'madzi;
- nyenyezi zam'nyanja;
- Nkhono;
- nsomba;
- nsomba.
Ndizosangalatsa! Ndi mano ake, nsombazi zimang'amba pansi pa echinoderms, molluscs ndi crustaceans zomatira, ndipo ndi mano ake amaswa / kuphwanya zipolopolo zawo ndi zipolopolo. Posintha mano, nsombayo imafa ndi njala kapena kutafuna nyama yomwe siikutidwa ndi chipolopolo.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphamba ili ndi zokonda zawo zam'mimba: mwachitsanzo, nsomba zamizeremizere sizisamala kwenikweni za nsomba, koma imakonda nkhono (zomwe zimawerengedwa ngati nyambo yabwino mukasodza ndi mbedza). Zokonda za mphalapala ndizofanana ndi zokonda za mphamba zamizeremizere, kupatula kuti zoyambilira zimatsamira pang'ono pa molluscs, ndi zina zambiri pa echinoderms (starfish, ophiur ndi urchins).
Nkhandwe zakum'maŵa akutali zomwe zimakhala m'nkhalango zam'mphepete mwa nyanja zimadya echinoderms, molluscs, nsomba ndi nkhanu. Zakudya zodyedwa ndi blue catfish zimangokhala pa jellyfish, zisa zam'madzi ndi nsomba: nyama zina (crustaceans, echinoderms makamaka molluscs) ndizosowa kwambiri pakudya kwake. Chifukwa cha chakudya chosakhwima, mano a blue catfish pafupifupi samatha, ngakhale amasintha chaka chilichonse.
Kubereka ndi ana
Kamodzi m'moyo wonse, nsomba yamphongo iliyonse imalimbana ndi nkhondo yomwe imadziwitsa tsogolo lake: ngati zotsatira zake zatheka, njondayo imapambana mzimayi, yemwe amasungabe kukhulupirika kwake mpaka kumapeto kwake. Amuna omwe amamenya nawo nkhondoyi amenyetsa mitu yawo pamodzi, kuluma mano awo kwa mdani wawo panjira. Milomo yolimba komanso kukhathamira kozungulira maso kumapulumutsa ma duel ku mabala akuya, koma zipsera pamitu zawo zidatsalira.
Kubzala mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphaka kumasiyana mwatsatanetsatane. Nsombazi wamkazi amatulutsa mazira kuyambira mazira 600 mpaka 40,000 (5-7 mm m'mimba mwake), ndikumamatirana mu mpira womwe umamatira pansi. M'madera akumwera, kubereka kumachitika m'nyengo yozizira, kumpoto - chilimwe. Amuna amayang'anira clutch, koma osatenga nthawi yayitali, chifukwa mazira amakula pang'onopang'ono, ndipo ana akuluakulu (17-25 mm) amangowonekera masika.
Ataswa, mwachangu amakwera pansi, akuyandikira nyanja, koma akukula mpaka masentimita 6-7, amadzanso pansi ndipo sapezeka konse pagawo lamadzi.
Zofunika! Akamakhwima, chakudya chawo, plankton, chimalowedwa m'malo ndi zakudya zachikulire, kuphatikiza nkhono, nkhanu, starfish, nkhanu, ophiuria ndi zikopa zam'nyanja.
Mbalame zamitundumitundu 0.9-1.2m kutalika kwake zimayambira mazira 12 mpaka 50,000, ofanana m'mimba mwa mazira a mphamba wamba. Amapangidwanso mozungulira, koma chomalizachi, mosiyana ndi nsomba zazingwe, zili mozama (pansi pamamita 100) komanso kutalikirana ndi gombe. Mwachangu amakwera kwambiri ndikukhala patali kwambiri ndi gombe kuposa mwachangu wa nkhandwe yamizeremizere, ndipo kusintha kwawo kukhala moyo wapansi kumakhala kopumira.
Msodzi wamkazi wamtambo wa buluu 1.12-1.24 m kutalika amatulutsa mazira 23 mpaka 29,000 (6-7 mm m'mimba mwake), ndikuwapatsa chilimwe, nthawi yophukira kapena masika, koma palibe amene adapeza clutch ya mtunduwo. Pomors amatcha amasiye amtundu wa blue catfish, chifukwa ndi okhawo osakwanira omwe amapezeka mu Nyanja ya Barents. Nsomba zazing'ono zamtundu wa buluu sizikufulumira kupita kuzinthu zapansi, ndipo nsomba zoyamba zimapezeka mu trawl nsomba sizinafanane ndi momwe zimakhalira mpaka 0.6-0.7 m. Far Eastern catfish imabala mchilimwe, ndipo ikatha kusambira mwachangu kupita kumtunda. Malinga ndi akatswiri a ichthyologists, pafupifupi 200 mwachangu kuchokera ku clutch amapulumuka mpaka kutha msinkhu.
Adani achilengedwe
Nsomba zonse zam'madzi zam'madzi zimadya nyama zazing'ono zam'madzi, ndipo akulu amawopsezedwa ndi zisindikizo (m'madzi akumpoto) ndi nsombazi zazikulu, zomwe sizimasokonezedwa ndi kukula kwa nsomba za nkhandwe ndi mano awo owopsa.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Ngakhale kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha nsomba zonse zankhandwe, mkhalidwe wawo suli wowopsa kotero kuti ungapangitse mabungwe osamalira zachilengedwe kuti atchule mimbulu ya nkhandwe mu Red Book. Koma popeza kuchepa kwa manambala kumachitika makamaka chifukwa cha usodzi wopitilira muyeso, mayiko ambiri ayamba kuwongolera nsombazo.
Zidzakhalanso zosangalatsa:
- Nsomba zaimvi
- Nsomba za Sturgeon
- Salimoni
- Nsomba Pinki
Mtengo wamalonda
Nyama yamadzi kwambiri, ngakhale yodzaza ndi vitamini A, ili mu katchi ya buluu, koma yamawangamawanga ndi yamizeremizere imakoma m'njira zosiyanasiyana - yokazinga, yophika, yosuta, yamchere komanso yowuma. Caviar ya Catfish siyabwino kuposa nsomba ya chum, ndipo chiwindi ndichakudya.
Ndizosangalatsa! M'mbuyomu, mitu, zipsepse ndi mafupa a nsomba zamphongo ankagwiritsidwa ntchito kudyetsa ziweto, kuwonjezera (makamaka) mafuta amkaka wa ng'ombe, ndipo bile m'malo mwa sopo. Tsopano kuchokera ku zikopa za mphalapala zomwe zimawonedwa amapanga matumba, nsonga za nsapato zowala, zomangira mabuku ndi zina zambiri.
Nsomba zakum'mawa kwa Far zimakondedwa pa Sakhalin - zimakhala ndi nyama yoyera, yonenepa komanso yokometsera mopanda majeremusi amodzi. Palibe malonda, koma asodzi am'deralo amasangalala kugwira nsomba za agalu (monga momwe amatchulidwira pano).
