Maonekedwe a M'busa wa Hungary ndi wapadera. Galu wamkulu wokhala ndi tsitsi lopanda chingwe, lofanana ndi ma dreadlocks, amadzutsa chidwi, chidwi ndi chisangalalo. Kuyankhulana ndi woimira mtunduwu kumatsimikizira kuti nyama zimayenda bwino m'banja, koma ntchito yawo yeniyeni ndikulondera. Mtsogoleri - galu ndi munthu wopanda mantha, womenya weniweni.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Mbiri ya mtunduwu imabwerera kumbuyoko ku Babulo. Ubweya wapaderawo udathandiza galu kukhala mlonda woposa wina aliyense - simungapeze wamkulu pagulu la nkhosa. Mmbulu kapena chimbalangondo zikawonekera, wolondayo amaukira adani mopanda mantha. Malinga ndi nthano, nkhondoyi idalandiridwa kuchokera pakuwoloka kwa agalu ndi mimbulu. Pali mitundu yoyambira yochokera ku agalu aku Tibetan ngati makolo.
Atsogoleriwo adabwera ku Hungary ndi mafuko a Polovtsian (Cumans - malinga ndi magwero a Byzantine) munthawi ya XII-XIII century. Mpaka pano, anthu ochuluka kwambiri amtunduwu amakhala kumeneko. Anapeza kutchuka pakati pa zaka za zana la 16, pomwe adakhala ngwazi zolemba zambiri.
Pali kutsutsana pamazina agalu. Yoyamba imawonetsa mtundu wa ziweto. Dzina lachiwiri "komondor" limatanthauziridwa kuchokera pakuphatikiza kwa kuman-dor, i.e. Galu wa Polovtsian. Mitundu yosowa yomwe idadziwika padziko lonse lapansi itatenga nawo gawo pazowonetsa agalu ku Europe. Mulingo wovomerezeka wa 1989 umaphatikizanso mawonekedwe a Hungarian Shepherd Dog.
Agalu ali ndi malamulo olimba olemera makilogalamu 50-60. Kukula kwa 60-65 cm, nthawi zina pamakhala anthu akulu mpaka masentimita 80. Kuwona, nyamazo zimawoneka zazikulu chifukwa cha ubweya wapadera womwe umakulungidwa ndi zingwe. Mbusa wa ku Hungary amadziwika kuti ndi amodzi mwamitundu yayikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Chifuwa chachikulu, mimba yamimba, thupi lokhala ndi minofu yamphamvu. Mtsogoleri akukweza mutu wake. Maso ofiira ngati amondi, okhazikika, owoneka chidwi. Makutu ndi akulu pakati, olephera. Miyendo ndi yamphamvu, zikhomo ndi zikhadabo zakuda, ziyangoyango zaimvi, zolimba mpaka kukhudza.
Ubweya wonenepa umafanana ndikumverera. Mu ana ndi ofewa, koma mapangidwe pang'onopang'ono a ma curls amasandutsa mitolo yolimba. Palibe malaya amkati. Tsitsi la silky sililoledwa ndi mtundu wa mtundu. Pamalo amaso, pamiyendo, tsitsi silikhala lalitali, kukula kwake kuli mchira, kumbuyo kumbuyo.
Mtundu uyenera kukhala woyera. Kukula kwa malaya kumatenga moyo wonse. Agalu achikulire ali ndi zingwe mpaka 2000 zolemera pafupifupi 7 kg.
Agalu amatha kuwona bwino kudzera pachinsalu chaubweya. Mwachibadwa chisamaliro chimalola mtunduwo kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mlonda. Makhalidwe ochezeka amatha kukhala bwino m'mabanja, moyo wam'mizinda.
Khalidwe
Mtsogoleri wa ku Hungary - galu wanzeru kwambiri. Eni ake amasunga ziweto ndi luso loteteza ku madera akumidzi, nyumba zazing'ono. Agalu omwe amamvera m'malo abwinobwino amatha kuwonetsa munthu wodziyimira pawokha, munthawi yowopsa, apange chisankho.
Kuukira mdani kuli msanga. Ngakhale mdani wamkulu komanso wamphamvu saletsa Mbusayo. Eni ake sayenera kusiya Oyang'anira okha ndi alendo. Kuteteza zofuna za banja, galu amatha kuwonetsa zankhanza. Amakhulupirira kuti ndikosavuta kufikira mdera la wamkulu, koma ndizovuta kutuluka.
Mutha kuyenda ndi galu wanu m'malo odzaza ndi leash. Galu akhoza kukayikira zolinga zoyipa - chibadwa cha mlonda chidzagwira ntchito. Malingaliro kwa mwini wake, malo omuzungulira ndi okhulupirika kwambiri, ochezeka.
Ziweto zimafunikira maphunziro kuyambira masiku oyamba okhala mnyumbamo. Mtsogoleriyo mwachilengedwe amayesetsa kukhazikitsa malamulo ake, pomwe amatha kudziwa zatsopano. Kuyankhulana tsiku ndi tsiku ndi mwana wagalu kumapanga machitidwe oyenera, omasuka kwa aliyense m'banjamo, kuphatikiza m'busa. Kutamandidwa, kukondana, zochitika zogwirizana zimakopa chiweto, zimapangitsa chidwi chofuna kusangalatsa mwiniwake.
Ana a Commander kukhwima pang'onopang'ono. Khalidwe la galu wamkulu limangowonekera pofika zaka zitatu. Chinyama chimasungabe kwakanthawi kuwonjezeka kwa "mwana", wosewera. Malingaliro kwa ana ang'onoang'ono m'banjamo ndi odekha - amapirira molimba mtima zokomera komanso zosangalatsa za ana. Mtsogoleriyo nthawi zonse amayimirira kuti ateteze mwanayo mopanda mantha ngati zingafunike kuti atenge nawo mbali.
Mitundu
Kennel wa ku Hungary wa József Bukowski "Karcagpusztai" anali malo oyamika omwe mtunduwo udadziwika padziko lonse lapansi. Nthawi yankhondo idakhala poyesa kupulumuka, agalu ambiri adamwalira. Oyang'anirawo ankagwira ntchito yankhondo, adatenga nawo gawo pankhondo zankhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse.
Amatha kupulumutsa mitunduyo mothandizidwa ndi anthu aku America omwe anali wamkulu wawo, wopangidwa ndi osamukira ku Hungary munkhondo isanachitike. Masiku ano, agalu ochuluka kwambiri akadali ku Hungary ndi America.
Atsogoleri osiyanasiyana owona oyera mtsogoleri wakuda... Metis sakuimira mtundu wosiyana. Amanena za chidwi cha obereketsa kuti akwaniritse mawonekedwe amitundu yosowa.
Mitundu yoyandikana ndi Bully ikufanana ndi wamkulu pang'ono. Wotchuka ku Hungary ngati galu woweta, mnzake wabwino wa anthu achangu. Galuyo adatumizidwa kukatumikira apolisi, kukafufuza zophulika. Amphamvu, olimba, okhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino oteteza, mtunduwu watchuka m'maiko osiyanasiyana.
Kusamalira ndi kukonza
Wobereka wamkulu pachithunzichi amakopeka ndi mawonekedwe achilendo, ofanana ndi chidole chachikulu chofewa. Kukwaniritsa chiweto chokongola sikophweka. Kusamalira mwapadera chovala chapadera cha Commander kwakhala chifukwa chachikulu chofalitsira Agalu Aubusa aku Hungary m'maiko osiyanasiyana.
Eni agalu amafuna ma shampoo apadera, nthawi, chipiriro, ndi luso loyeretsa ndikulekanitsa zingwe - sangaswidwe. Osati wokonzekera aliyense adzagwira ntchito yayitali komanso yotopetsa iyi.
Agalu ena amafunika kutero katatu pachaka, ena amafunikira chithandizo chapadera mwezi uliwonse kuti zingwe zisalumikizane. M'ngululu, kugwa, galu amatulutsa. Tsitsi lakufa limatsalira zingwe, palibe vuto.
Pambuyo poyenda, kusamalira galu kumaphatikizaponso kuwona kupezeka kwa tizirombo tomwe talowa mu malayawo, kutsuka m'manja. Ngati wamkuluyo ndi wakuda kwambiri, ndiye kuti muyenera kukhala oleza mtima kuti muwombole chiweto chonse. Zimatenga ola limodzi kuti galu anyowe.
Kuyanika kumatenga zoposa tsiku limodzi ngakhale ndi zowumitsa tsitsi. Kumeta tsitsi kwa Commander imathandizira kwambiri chisamaliro, ngakhale izi ndizofunikira kwa agalu ogwira ntchito - amataya chitetezo ku nyengo, zolusa. Wapadera lumo la wamkulu wa agalu zopangidwa ndi chitsulo chapadera. Maso ndi makutu a ziweto zanu amafunika kuyeretsa pafupipafupi. Pansi paubweya, sizotheka nthawi zonse kuwona dothi lomwe lalowa mwa iwo.
Zakudya zabwino
Mtsogoleri ndi galu wamkulu, koma amadya pang'ono - kuchuluka kwa chakudya ndi makilogalamu 1-1.5 patsiku. Nthawi zonse payenera kukhala madzi abwino omwe amapezeka mosavuta. Mwambiri, Hungarian Shepherd Galu amadziwika ndi kudzichepetsa kwa chakudya.
Eni ake akuyenera kusankha zomwe galu wamkulu angadye - chakudya chouma kapena zinthu zachilengedwe. Akatswiri amalangiza njira yoyamba chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kapangidwe kake, kokhala ndi mchere komanso mavitamini oyenera.
Chiwerengero cha feedings chimadalira msinkhu wa chiweto, ana agalu ayenera kudyetsedwa patsiku:
- mpaka miyezi 1.5 - kasanu;
- mpaka miyezi isanu ndi umodzi - nthawi 4;
- mpaka chaka - katatu;
- zoposa chaka - kawiri.
Zakudya za agalu kuchokera ku chakudya chachilengedwe zimaphatikizapo nyama (ng'ombe, nkhuku), masamba, mkaka (tchizi, kanyumba tchizi), chimanga, zipatso. Simungapereke chiweto chanu:
- nyama yamafuta - osatengeredwa m'mimba;
- mafupa - kuwononga m'mimba;
- mkaka - kumabweretsa kudzimbidwa;
- chokoleti ndi maswiti ena - zimayambitsa matenda am'mimba.
Mutha kugula fupa lapadera lakuthwa mano anu ku sitolo yogulitsa ziweto.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Oyang'anira ali okonzeka kubereka miyezi 15-18. Ndichizoloŵezi chokwatitsa nyama kumalo a galu. Mimba ya akazi imakhala masiku 56-72. Ndikosatheka kuwonetsa mawonekedwe a galu yemwe akuyembekeza ana. Koma machitidwe ake amasintha - mayi woyembekezera amakhala wokonda kwambiri, wodekha.
Ngati galu akuyembekezeka kubereka koyamba, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tiitane veterinarian. Chiwerengero cha zinyalala zoyambirira nthawi zambiri chimakhala chocheperako poyerekeza ndi chotsatira. Ndi zaka, ana aang'ono akhanda amachepetsanso.
Makanda amakonzekera kusamutsira kwa eni atsamba ali ndi zaka 45-50. Wogwirizira agalu amayesa nyamazo kuti zitsatire miyezo ya mtunduwo. Mpaka miyezi itatu, ana agalu amapatsidwa katemera woyenera. Kutalika kwa moyo kwa olamulira ndi zaka 10-12.
Mtengo
Agalu amtundu wa Commander ndi mtundu wosowa kwambiri, chifukwa chake sangakhale otsika mtengo. Zinyama zakunja zitha kugulidwa kwa akatswiri oweta. Mtengo wamtundu wa Commander zimatengera mtundu wa nyama, kuyenera kuswana. Mtengo wa ana agalu m'makalasi osiyanasiyana:
- chiwonetsero - kuchokera ma ruble 55,000, munthu payekha atha kulipira mpaka ma ruble 10,000. Ana agalu abwino kwambiri ochokera ku zinyalala omwe ali ndi chiyembekezo chowonetsa;
- kalasi ya mtundu - kuchokera ku ruble 35,000 mpaka 55,000. Ana agalu okhala ndi machitidwe abwino obadwa nawo;
- kalasi ya ziweto - mpaka ma ruble 35,000. Ana agalu okanidwa kumatayala, osayenera kuwonetsa zochitika, kuswana chifukwa cha zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi mtunduwo.
Onetsani agalu am'kalasi ndiokwera mtengo kwambiri, koma oweta nthawi zambiri sathamangira kuti agawane ndi galu wofunika, ngakhale atapeza ndalama zambiri. Kugulidwa kwa mwana wagalu ndi chochitika chofunikira kwambiri, muyenera kuyifikira mwanzeru, ndikumvetsetsa cholinga chomwe mwana wagalu wagula.
Maphunziro
Nzeru zapamwamba zamtunduwu zimathandizira kuphunzitsa bwino agalu. Tisaiwale kuti dongosolo la maphunziro liyenera kukhala losiyanasiyana, liyenera kuchitidwa moyerekeza. Olamulira amakonda kukhala ouma khosi, ngati atatopa ndi kubwerezabwereza, alibe chidwi ndi makalasi.
A Hungarian Shepherd sangafune kutsatira malamulo mpaka mwiniwake atasintha ntchito. Njira zankhanza zogwirira ntchito ndi agalu ndizotsutsana. Kupsa mtima poyankha kumangokhalira kukwiya ndi chiweto. Chikondi, chikondi, ndi matamando ndizo maziko a kuchita bwino.
Kuyambira ali mwana, kucheza ndi galu ndikofunikira - kuzolowera zochitika zatsopano, kulumikizana kwatsopano ndi alendo, nyama. Kupanda kutero, chibadwa chachilengedwe choteteza chimalamulira, ndikupangitsa galu kukhala wowopsa kwa ena.
Matenda omwe angakhalepo ndi momwe angawathandizire
Commander ndi galu wolimba mwachilengedwe. Koma agalu amodzi amatha kusokonekera m'chiuno. Kukula kwa chilema kumatheka chifukwa cha zolimbitsa thupi zolakwika. Matendawa amawoneka opunduka, kuyenda pang'ono kwa nyama. Galu amamva kupweteka kwambiri chifukwa cha kukangana kwa mafupa olowa.
Vutoli limathandizidwa ndi mankhwala amtundu wolumikizana, nthawi zina opaleshoni - posintha cholumikizira m'chiuno. Vuto lina ndi entropy, kapena cholakwika cha chikope. Njira yotupa ya diso lozungulira imachitika. Maonekedwe apadera agalu adapangidwa mwachilengedwe, koma kuteteza ndi kupititsa patsogolo mtunduwo kumadalira munthuyo.
