Mbira yaku America - yochepa, nthumwi amphamvu banja Laskov. Ndi mbira yokhayo yomwe imakhala ku North America. Mbira zimakhala ndi thupi lalitali, miyendo yayifupi, ndi timfungo tokometsera. Mbalame zaku America ndizokumba mwachangu kwambiri zomwe zimatha kubisala mobisa ndikutha posawoneka m'masekondi ochepa.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: American badger
Gulu la mbira ndilovuta. Maguluwa amawunikidwanso mosalekeza, ndikupangitsa kuti kafukufuku aliyense akhale wolondola kwakanthawi. Ndizomveka kunena kuti pali mkangano womwe ukupitilira kuti ndi nyama ziti zomwe ziyenera kukhala "mbira zenizeni." Asayansi ambiri amavomereza mitundu itatu: Mbalame ya ku Eurasia, mbira ya ku Asia, ndi mbira ya ku North America.
Mbalame zaku America ndizogwirizana mwachilengedwe ndi ma ferrets, minks, otters, weasels, ndi wolverines. Nyama zonsezi ndi mamembala a Banja lalikulu kwambiri mwadongosolo Carnivores - Wachikondi. Mbira ya ku America ndi mitundu yokhayo ya New World yomwe imapezeka kumadzulo kwa North America.
Kanema: American Badger
Mbira zaku America ndi nyama zokhazokha zakumwera. Amabisala mobisa m'mabowo omwe adapanga okha. Ngati iwo sali mu maenje awo, ndiye kuti akuyenda kukafunafuna nyama. Kuti apeze chakudya, mbira zimayenera kuzikumba m'makumba awo, ndipo ndizomwe zimawongolera. M'miyezi yotentha ya chaka, mbira zaku America nthawi zambiri zimayendayenda ndipo zimatha kukhala ndi burrow yatsopano tsiku lililonse.
Sikhala madera okha, ndipo nyumba zawo zimatha kupezeka. Kukayamba kuzizira kwambiri, mbira zimabwerera kuphanga limodzi kukakhala kumeneko nthawi yachisanu. Mbalame zolimbitsa thupi zimayamba kunenepa nthawi yotentha ndipo zimachepa poyembekezera nyengo yozizira yayitali popanda nyama. Amakhala ndi mafuta ochulukirapo mpaka nthaka itasungunuka masika otsatirawa. Pofuna kusunga mphamvu, amagwiritsa ntchito torpor, dziko lofanana ndi kugona tulo.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Momwe mbira yaku America imawonekera
Chilichonse chokhudza mbira yaku America chimapangidwira kukumba. Amakhala owumbika mphete, ngati fosholo wam'munda, wokhala ndi mitu yaying'ono, khosi lakuda ndi mapewa amphamvu. Mapazi awo akumaso alinso ndi ulusi pang'ono, zomwe zimasunga zala zawo pafupi kuti zikumbe mwamphamvu kwambiri. Maso awo amatetezedwa ku dothi louluka ndi fumbi ndi chivindikiro chamkati kapena "zotsekera" zomwe zimatsetsereka pakufunika. Amakhala ndi khungu lotayirira, lomwe limawalola kuti atembenukire movutikira kufikira malo.
Mbira zaku America zimakhala ndi matupi ataliitali komanso atatambalala ndi miyendo yayifupi, yomwe imawalola kuti azikhala pafupi ndi nthaka ndikusaka mosaka. Nyama zimakhala ndi zipsinjo zazing'ono ndi mphuno zazitali. Ubweya wawo ndi wabulauni kapena wakuda mtundu, wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yayitali yoyera kuyambira kumapeto kwa mphuno mpaka kumbuyo. Mbira za ku America zili ndi makutu ang'onoang'ono ndi zikhadabo zakutsogolo, zakuthwa kutsogolo. Kuchokera pa masentimita 9 mpaka 13 m'litali ndi 3 mpaka 12 kilogalamu, mbira yaku America ndi yayikulupo pang'ono kuposa mchimwene wake wakumwera, mbira ya uchi, komanso yocheperako poyerekeza ndi mchimwene wake "padziwe lonse", mbira yaku Europe.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Ng'ombe ya ku America ikakhala pangodya, imalira, imalira ndikuwonetsa mano, koma ngati phokoso lalikulu silikukuwopsani, liyamba kutulutsa fungo losasangalatsa la musky.
Tsopano mukudziwa momwe mbira yaku America imawonekera. Tiyeni tiwone chakudyachi.
Kodi mbira ya ku America imakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Mbira yaku America yaku USA
Musalole kuti dzina lawo likupusitseni, mbalame zaku America sizimangokhala ku United States. osiyanasiyana awo amapitanso ku Canada. Native kumpoto kwa North America komwe kumayambira kumwera kwa Canada kupita ku Mexico, mbira ya ku America ili ndi umodzi mwamitunduyi waukulu kwambiri. Nyengo youma kwambiri imakonda mbira za ku America, ndipo zimakonda kukhala m'minda ndi m'madambo omwe ali ndi mpweya woipa. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, mbira za ku America zimapezeka m'zipululu zozizira komanso m'mapaki ambiri.
Mbira ya ku America imakonda malo odyetserako ziweto komwe amatha madzulo kukumba nsomba kuti apeze nyama ndi kubisala m'nyumba yawo yokoma. Nyama zimakhala m'malo otseguka monga zigwa ndi madera, minda ndi m'mphepete mwa nkhalango. Ali ndi magawo akulu kwambiri; mabanja ena akuthengo amatha kutambasula maekala masauzande ambiri kuti apeze chakudya chokwanira! Nthawi zambiri amakhala akusuntha ndipo amakhala m'malo amodzimodzi masiku angapo asadapitebe.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Mbira ya ku America imakhala pafupifupi zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi kuthengo kwa amuna ndi akazi onse; nthawi yayitali kwambiri yomwe idalembedwa inali zaka 14 kuthengo.
Ku United States, mbira zaku America zimapezeka kuchokera kugombe lakumadzulo kupita ku Texas, Oklahoma, Missouri, Illinois, Ohio, Michigan, ndi Indiana. Ikupezekanso kumwera kwa Canada ku British Columbia, Manitoba, Alberta ndi Saskatchewan.
Ku Ontario, mbalame zaku America zimapezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana monga mapiri ataliatali a udzu, madera amchenga, ndi minda. Malo amenewa amapatsa mbira nyama zochepa, kuphatikizapo nyongolotsi, akalulu ndi makoswe ang'onoang'ono. Popeza mbira zimakonda kuyenda usiku komanso zimawopa anthu, si anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi mwayi wopeza imodzi kuthengo.
Kodi mbira ya ku America imadya chiyani?
- Chithunzi: American badger m'chilengedwe
Mbalame zaku America ndizokonda kudya zokha, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amadya nyama, ngakhale masamba ochepa komanso bowa amadya nawo ngati maselo. Zikhadabo zazitali zakuthwa ndi mphamvu yayikulu ya mbira yaku America zimamuthandiza kugwira nyama zazing'onoting'ono zomwe zimadya.
Zakudya zazikulu za mbatata zaku America ndi izi:
- gophers;
- makoswe;
- mbewa;
- ziphuphu;
- mapuloteni;
- owerenga;
- akalulu.
Kuti munthu atengeke pansi, nyamayo imagwiritsa ntchito zikhadabo zake. Pokumba nyama yaying'ono iliyonse, mbira yaku America imakumba dzenje lokhalo ndikuyendetsa mbewa m'nyumba mwake. Nthawi zina mbira yaku America imatha kukumba mumng'oma wa nyamayo ndikuidikirira kuti ibwerere. Mimbulu nthawi zambiri imaima pomwe mbira imabisala ndikugwira nyama zomwe zimatuluka mu mphanga, kuyesera kuthawa mbira. Nthawi zina nyamayo imabisa chakudya pansi "mosungidwa" kuti idye pambuyo pake.
Ngati sichipeza nyama zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa, mbira yaku America imathanso kudya mazira a mbalame, achule, mazira akamba, slugs, nyama zazing'ono, nkhono, kapena zipatso. Kudzera m'mbuyomu, mbalame zaku America zimathandizira kuwongolera mbewa m'zinthu zomwe amakhala.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Mbira yaku America m'nyengo yozizira
Ngakhale mbira yaku America ndiyinyama wamba m'nkhalango za North America, sizitanthauza kuti mutha kukwera mosamala pamodzi mwa anyamatawa. Mbalame zamtundu wa Badger mwachilengedwe mwachilengedwe ndipo zimathandizira kwambiri pachilengedwe ku North America. Simungathe kusewera nawo, chifukwa ndiwowopsa ku thanzi lanu.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Mbira zaku America ndizinyama zokhazokha zomwe zimachitika palimodzi nthawi yokwatirana. Akuti pafupifupi mbalame zisanu zokha ndizomwe zimakhala m'dera lomwelo, ndimagulu osachepera kilomita imodzi.
Mbira yaku America imayenda usiku ndipo imangokhala yosagwira ntchito m'miyezi yachisanu, ngakhale sikuti imangobisala. Nyama zimakumba maenje oti mugone, komanso kubisala kuti mugwire nyama ikasaka. Miyendo yamphamvu ya mbira yaku America imasefa mwachangu nthaka, zomwe ndizothandiza kwambiri kwa nyama posaka nyama ikubowoka.
Mbira ya ku America siibisalira m'nyengo yozizira, koma imatha kugona kwa masiku angapo kuzizira kwambiri. Nyamayi imakhala nthawi yayitali pansi kapena pansi, koma imatha kusambira komanso kumira pansi pamadzi. Ma lairs ndi ma burrows ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri m'moyo wa mbira. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mapanga ndi mabowo osiyanasiyana. Amagwiritsa ntchito tulo, kusaka, kusunga chakudya ndi kubereka. Mbira ya ku America imatha kusintha phanga lake tsiku lililonse, pokhapokha ikakhala ndi ana. Mbira ili ndi khomo limodzi lokhala ndi mulu wa dothi pambali pake. Mbira ikamaopsezedwa, nthawi zambiri imabwerera ku mphako ndikubowola mano ndi zikhadabo. Izi zimathandiza kutseka khomo lolowera kubowola.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: American Badger Cub
Mbira ya ku America ndi nyama yokhayokha kupatula nthawi yoswana. Zimakwatirana m'miyezi yachilimwe ya Julayi ndi Ogasiti. Komabe, mazira samayamba kukula mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Disembala chifukwa chakuchedwa kuikidwa mchiberekero, njira yotchedwa "embryonic diapause". Mbira zazimayi zimatha kuthana ndi miyezi inayi yakubadwa; male badgers amatha kukwatirana zaka ziwiri. Mbira yamphongo imatha kuthana ndi akazi angapo.
Njira yokhayokha ya embryonic itachitika, chipatso cha badger ku America chimakula mpaka mwezi wa February ndipo chimabadwa m'miyezi ya masika. Pafupipafupi, mbira yachikazi yaku America imabereka ana asanu pa zinyalala. Akangobadwa, anawa amakhala akhungu komanso osowa chochita kwa milungu ingapo yoyambirira ya moyo wawo, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amadalira amayi awo kuti apulumuke.
Pambuyo pa nthawi imeneyi, ana a mbira zaku America azitha kuyenda, ndipo pakatha milungu isanu ndi itatu amachotsedwa pamkaka motero amayamba kudya nyama. Ali ndi miyezi isanu kapena isanu ndi umodzi, ana a mbira zaku America amasiya amayi awo. Amapitilizabe kuzungulira kwa moyo, kusaka palokha ndikubereka ana awo. Pafupifupi, mbalame zaku America zimakhala zaka zakutchire mpaka zaka zisanu.
Adani achilengedwe a mbira zaku America
Chithunzi: Momwe mbira yaku America imawonekera
Mbira za ku America zili ndi adani ochepa achilengedwe chifukwa zimatetezedwa ku adani. Khosi lawo laminyewa ndi ubweya wakuda komanso wotakasuka zimawateteza ku adani. Izi zimapatsa mbalame yaku America nthawi kuti igwire chilombocho ndi claw. Mbira ikagwidwa, imagwiritsanso ntchito mawu. Nyamayo imalira, imalira komanso imalira. Zimatulutsanso fungo losasangalatsa lomwe limathandizira kuthamangitsa mdaniyo.
Adani akulu a mbira zaku America ndi awa:
- red lynx;
- ziwombankhanga zagolide;
- zofunda;
- bowa;
- mimbulu;
- mimbulu;
- Zimbalangondo.
Komabe, anthu ndi omwe amawopseza kwambiri mitundu iyi. Malo okhala achilengedwe a ku America atasandulika kukhala minda kapena ziweto, nyamayo imakhala tizilombo kwa iwo omwe amawona maenje awo ngati chiwopsezo ku ziweto kapena cholepheretsa kubzala mbewu.
Chifukwa chake, chiwopsezo chachikulu kwa mbira zaku America ndikutaya malo. Badgers ayenera kuti adachepa chifukwa malo odyetserako ziweto adasandulika kukhala malo olimapo, ndipo chitukuko chamatauni lero chikuwopseza mtundu uwu ndi mitundu ina yambiri. Ma Badger nawonso ali pachiwopsezo chogundana ndi magalimoto, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amadutsa misewu posaka nyama.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: American badger m'chilengedwe
Malinga ndi asayansi, m'malo ena anthu aku America mbira anali anthu pafupifupi 20,000. Badgers akutaya nyumba zawo mwachangu, komabe, popeza malo akukonzedwa kuti akhale minda ndi nyumba. Pali anthu ochepera 200 omwe amakhala ku Ontario, okhala ndi anthu awiri okha kumwera chakumadzulo ndi Northwest Ontario. Mbira zotsalira zaku America ziyenera "kupikisana" ndi anthu kuti apeze chakudya ndi malo okhala.
Kusintha kumeneku kumakhudzanso nyama zina, zomwe zimachepetsa nyama zomwe zimasaka mbalame zaku America. Malo okhala Badger nawonso akugaŵikana kwambiri ndi misewu, ndipo mbira nthawi zina zimaphedwa ndi magalimoto poyesa kuwoloka msewu womwe umadutsa m'malo awo.
Kuti tithandizire mbira, tifunikiradi kusunga malo awo okhala kuti akhale ndi malo okhala, kusaka, ndi kupeza anzawo. Tsoka ilo, sitikudziwa zambiri za iwo chifukwa ali owerengeka. Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yochokera ku mbira yaku America ndi malo ake kudzatithandiza kumvetsetsa zomwe zimawopseza anthu awo.
Malinga ndi zomwe zaposachedwa kwambiri pamndandanda wazowopsa za Mitundu Yowopsa ya Mitundu Yotsimikizika yotulutsidwa ndi International Union for Conservation of Nature, mbira yaku America imadziwika kuti ndi "yowonongeka", zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mtunduwo umakhala kuthengo, koma ukuyang'anizana ndi kutha kapena kutha.
Chitetezo cha mbira ku America
Chithunzi: American badger kuchokera ku Red Book
Mbira yaku America idavoteledwa ngati yomwe ili pachiwopsezo chachikulu pomwe Endangered Species Act idayamba kugwira ntchito mu 2008. Mu 2015, anthu adagawika pakati, pomwe anthu akumwera chakumadzulo komanso anthu akumpoto chakumadzulo adalembedwa kuti ali pangozi.
Zamoyo zikatchulidwa kuti zili pangozi kapena pangozi, malo awo okhala amakhala otetezedwa mosavuta. Malo okhala onse ndi omwe nyama zimadalira zochitika zamoyo. Izi zikuphatikiza malo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mtundu ngati phanga, chisa, kapena malo ena. Siphatikizira madera omwe mtunduwo umakhalako kapena komwe ungabwezeretsedwe mtsogolomo.
Kutsatira kukhazikitsidwa kwa njira yobwezeretsa ndikufalitsa kwa zomwe boma likuyankha, pakukhazikitsidwa lamulo lokhudza zachilengedwe lomwe lidzalowe m'malo mwa chitetezo chonse cha malo. Malo okhala nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha amayambitsidwa kutsatira lamulo la Mitundu Yowopsa.
Kutsogozedwa ndi yankho, boma:
- imagwira ntchito ndi anthu, magulu azachilengedwe, matauni ndi ena ambiri kuwathandiza kuteteza mitundu ya ziweto zomwe zili pangozi komanso malo awo okhala;
- imathandizira ntchito zoyang'anira madera omwe amathandizira kuteteza ndikubwezeretsa nyama zomwe zatha;
- imagwira ntchito ndi mafakitale, eni nthaka, opanga, ofufuza ndi ena omwe akufuna kuchitapo kanthu zomwe zingawononge zamoyozo kapena chilengedwe;
- amachita kafukufuku wazinthu zachilengedwe komanso malo okhala.
Mbira yaku America kusinthidwa kuti moyo pansi. Amapeza nyama zambiri mwa kukumba maenje ndipo amatha kuthamangitsa nyama yawo mwachangu chodabwitsa. Poyang'anira makoswe ndi tizilombo, mbira zaku America zimathandiza anthu, ndipo akalulu ndi ena omwe ali m'chilengedwe amapindula ndi maenje aulere.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 08/01/2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 09/28/2019 pa 11:25
