Ngati wina sakudziwa, ndiye kadzidzi Ndi kadzidzi kakang'ono kokhala ndi mawonekedwe okongola komanso owoneka bwino. Ndi kadzidzi, nthawi zambiri, pakati pa akadzidzi onse omwe amakhala ziweto, chifukwa ndi ochepa kukula kwake, ndipo kuwasamalira sikovuta kwenikweni. Tiyeni tiyesetse kumvetsetsa zofunikira za kadzidzi omwe amakhala mwachilengedwe, kuthengo, pofotokoza zizolowezi zawo za kadzidzi, zizolowezi zawo, malo osankhidwa okhala ndi mawonekedwe akunja.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Owl
Kadzidzi ndi mbalame yam nthenga ya banja la kadzidzi ndi dongosolo la akadzidzi. M'Chilatini, dzina la mbalameyi limamveka ngati "Athene", lomwe limalumikizana mwachindunji ndi mulungu wamkazi wankhondo wachi Greek, Athena Pallas, yemwe amatanthauza nzeru. Akadzidzi ndi njoka amamuwona ngati mnzake wokhulupirika komanso wodalirika, chifukwa chake amawonetsedwa nthawi zambiri limodzi ndi mawonekedwe ake pazosema ndi zojambula zosiyanasiyana.
Dzinalo "owl" lili ndi mizu yaku Russia, limalumikizidwa ndi chilankhulo cha Proto-Slavic ndipo limalumikizidwa ndi kulira mluzu, mluzu ndi onomatopoeia. Nthano ndi malodza amapangidwa za akadzidzi, nthawi zina samakhala olemekezeka komanso opambana monga ku Greece wakale. Makolo athu amakhulupirira kuti kukumana ndi kadzidzi kumachitira chithunzi tsoka ndi zovuta zomwe zitha kubweretsa mavuto, mwachindunji (mwathanzi) kapena mwanjira ina (munthu wina amafuna zoyipa).
Chosangalatsa: Kadzidzi akuwoneka wowoneka bwino komanso wokwiya, kuyang'ana kwake ndikuboola komanso cholinga, zikuwoneka kuti nthenga yamphongo yafooka, ndipo wakwiyitsa nkhope. N'kutheka kuti nkhope za mbalameyi zinkapereka malodza osagwirizana ndi zilombo zolusa zachilendozi.
Tsopano mu mtundu wa kadzidzi, mitundu itatu ya mbalame imasiyanitsidwa, ikuphatikizapo:
- kadzidzi nyumba;
- brahmin kadzidzi
- kalulu kadzidzi.
M'mbuyomu, panali mitundu yambiri ya akadzidzi, koma mwatsoka, zinatha, zina ngakhale zaka mamiliyoni angapo zapitazo. Tiyeni tifotokozere mawonekedwe amitundu yomwe idakhalapo mpaka pano. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti palinso mitundu ingapo ya mbalamezi. Kadzidzi wa Brahmin amatha kutchedwa wocheperako, thupi lake lili pafupifupi 21 cm, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi magalamu 120. Kulira kwakukulu kwa nthenga kumakhala kofiirira komanso kokhala ndi zigamba zoyera.
Kanema: Owl
Pamimba, m'malo mwake, pali mtundu woyera woyera wokhala ndi zotuwa zofiirira. Khola loyera limayima pakhosi. Mawu a mbalameyi ndi okwera kwambiri ndipo amafanana ndi kukukuta mano. Kadzidzi wanyumba ndi wokulirapo kuposa wa Brahmin, kutalika kwake kumafika kotala la mita, ndipo mbalameyo imalemera pafupifupi magalamu 170. Mtundu wa nthenga za mtundu uwu ndi bulauni wonyezimira, malankhulidwe amchenga okongoletsedwa ndi nthenga zoyera amatha kupambana.
Chosangalatsa: Kadzidziyu amatchedwa brownie, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amakonda kukhala m'nyumba zapamwamba ndi masheya. Mbalameyi sichithawa malo okhala anthu, motero imaweruzidwa.
Akadzidzi a kalulu amasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wofiirira, womwe imvi yake imawoneka pang'ono, koma mizere yayikulu yoyera imawonekera bwino. Chifuwa ndi pamwamba pamimba ndizofiirira komanso zotuwa, pansi pamimba pamakhala monyezimira, choyera-choyera. Kutalika kwa thupi la mbalame kumatha kufikira masentimita 23. Akadzidziwa ndi achilendo chifukwa amakhala otakataka osati usiku komanso masana. Kalulu wa kalulu amalingaliridwa chifukwa chakuti nthawi zambiri amakonzekeretsa malo okhala mu mabowo a akalulu.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Momwe kadzidzi amaonekera
Ngati tiyerekeza akadzidzi ndi akadzidzi, ndiye kuti oyamba amakhala ochepa kwambiri, kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi masentimita 30, ndipo mbalamezo siziposa magalamu mazana awiri. Kadzidzi wamba amafika pa gramu 700 ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 65. Mutu wa kadzidzi umakhala pansi pang'ono, ndipo mu kadzidzi ndi wozungulira. Mu nthenga za kadzidzi, zikopa zoyera zimakhazikika; mu kadzidzi, mikwingwirima imawonekera bwino pa nthenga, zomwe zimapezeka komanso kudutsa. Kadzidzi alibe makutu a nthenga, mosiyana ndi akadzidzi, munjira zina zonse kadzidzi ndizofanana.
Mutu wa kadzidzi ndiwosangalatsa kukula kwake, koma koposa zonse amadabwitsidwa ndi maso ake akulu komanso olasa omwe amakhala m'matumba amaso. Poyang'ana mbali, kadzidzi amayenera kutembenuza mutu wake. Iris wamaso amatha kukhala achikuda kwambiri, agolide kapena achikasu pang'ono, kutengera mtundu wa mbalame. Ana akulu ozungulira owoneka bwino amawoneka bwino motsutsana ndi nthenga za bulauni kapena zotuwa. Kukula kwa kuyang'ana kwa mbalameyi kumaperekedwa ndi ma supraorbital protrusions ofanana ndi nsidze za anthu, chifukwa chake, anthu opusa nkhope nthawi zambiri amafunsidwa funso ili: "Mukuyang'ana ngati kadzidzi?"
Chosangalatsa: Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira molakwika kuti kadzidzi amatha kutembenuza mutu wawo madigiri 360, sizili choncho, kadzidzi amatha kuyang'ana pamapewa awo, kupotoza mutu wawo madigiri 135, koma chifukwa cha khosi losinthasintha, mawonekedwe ozungulira amatha kufika madigiri 270.
Mchira wa kadzidzi ndi wamfupi, mapiko opindidwa amawonekeranso mwachidule. Nthenga zimakhala ndi nthenga zambirimbiri, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofiirira kapena zamchenga, zomwe zimachepetsa madera oyera, choncho kadzidzi amaoneka wosautsidwa. Mimba ya avian ndiyopepuka ndimadontho akuda. Zikhadabo za nyamazi zikhoza kutchedwa chida chake, ndizitali komanso zakuthwa ndipo zimakhala ndi bulauni lakuda, pafupifupi mtundu wakuda.
Phokoso lamlomo likhoza kukhala:
- wachikasu (kuchokera kowala mpaka utoto wokwanira);
- wobiriwira pang'ono;
- wachikasu wokhala ndi vuto loyera.
Kwawonedwa kuti mbalame zomwe zimakonda kuchita mbalame nthawi zambiri zimakhala zopepuka kuposa mandible.
Kodi kadzidzi amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Mbalame ya Owl
Malo ogawa akadzidzi ndi ochuluka kwambiri. Mbalame zinkakhala ku Asia, Europe, kumpoto kwa kontinenti ya Africa, ndipo zimapezeka m'magawo a New World.
Zowononga nthenga zimapezeka mu:
- nkhalango;
- mapiri;
- madera a chipululu ndi chipululu;
- pabwalo lotseguka lotseguka;
- pafupi ndi munthu.
A Brahmin Owls asankha South Asia, amakonda nkhalango zotseguka ndi malo otseguka okhala ndi shrub yochepa. Nthawi zambiri kadzidzi ameneyu amapezeka m'malo okhala anthu, omwe amakhala pafupi ndi Calcutta ndi Delhi. Kadzidzi amakonza zisa zake mobwerezabwereza, koma amatha kukhazikikanso m'nyumba zowonongedwa, nyumba zakale zosiyidwa, m'makoma. Nthawi zambiri, kadzidzi amakhala zisa za anthu ena, zomwe zidasiyidwa ndi nzika zam'mbuyomu (mwachitsanzo, Indian starlings-myna).
Kadzidzi m'nyumba kumakhala kwakukulu ku Central ndi Kumwera kwa Europe, zigawo zakumpoto kwa kontrakitala wa Africa komanso pafupifupi gawo lonse la Asia. Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'malo otseguka, amakhala m'malo amchipululu komanso achipululu. Pofuna kudzala, kadzidziyu amasankha maenje, masango amiyala, zitsa za mitengo ndi malo ena obisika. Akadzidzi a kalulu amakhala ku North ndi South America konse, mbalame zimakonda malo otseguka okhala ndi zomera zochepa. Ziwombankhanga zisa m'mabowo a akalulu ndi malo ena akuluakulu a makoswe.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe kadzidzi amakhala. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe amadya.
Nanga kadzidzi amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Owl Night
Kadzidzi ndiye, choyambirira, chowononga, chifukwa chake chakudya chake chimakhala ndi chakudya cha nyama, koma mumitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi subspecies chimasiyana. Tisaiwale kuti zala zakumbuyo kwa mbalamezo zili awiriawiri, ndipo awiriawiriwa amalunjika mosiyanasiyana (kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo), izi zimakuthandizani kuti mumvetse ndikugwira nyama. Mbalamezo zilibe mano, choncho zimang'amba nyama zikuluzikulu, ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimameza zazing'ono kwambiri. Mitundu ya Owl imasiyanasiyana osati pazakudya zosiyanasiyana pazosankhazi, komanso munjira zosakira.
Kadzidzi amasaka awiriawiri kuti atenge nyama yayikulu, kugwira ntchito limodzi, chifukwa paokha sangathe kupirira. Mbalamezi zimadya tizakudya tating'onoting'ono kamodzi. Kadzidzi wamng'ono amakonda kudya ma voles, mileme, jerboas, ndi hamsters. Mbalameyi imakana tizilombo tosiyanasiyana ndi ziphuphu. Kadzidziyu satenga chipiriro podikirira wovutitsidwayo, kuukira kumachitika pamene nyama yomwe ikufuna kugwidwa amaundana ndipo siyenda. Kusaka kumachitika pamtunda komanso mlengalenga. Kadzidzi wamng'ono amakhala wanzeru ndipo amapanga chakudya.
Chosangalatsa: Kadzidzi amakhala nthawi yayitali m'mayenje akusaka ma voles, chifukwa chake nthenga zomwe zili kumutu ndi kumtunda nthawi zambiri zimafota, ndipo maziko okhawo a nthenga otsala pamenepo, ofanana ndi singano za hedgehog.
Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono ta kadzidzi ndi tomwe timakonda mbalame zazing'ono ndi makoswe. Samameza omwe akukhudzidwa nawo kwathunthu, koma mosamala amadula ndikusankha chokoma kwambiri. Kadzidziyu amakonzekeretsa masika a nthawi yophukira m'mayenje. Upland Owl imayang'anira zomwe zikuchitika pamwambapa, kuchokera kokabisalira, kufunafuna chakudya chokoma, chomwe chimamezedwa kwathunthu. Makoswe ndi mbalame zazing'ono zimamukondanso iye. Elf owl amadziwika kuti ndi tizilombo; amakonda kudya ndi ziwala, dzombe, mbozi, akangaude, ntchentche, ntchentche, ndi zinkhanira.
Nthawi zonse amadya nyama yomwe wagwidwa mnyumba mwake. Kadzidzi sadzakana achule, abuluzi, achule, ndowe. Otsatirawa amangopembedzedwa ndi akadzidzi a kalulu, omwe abwera mochenjera kuti akope tizilombo timeneti. Mbalame zimakoka manyowa m'mabowo awo, zomwe zimakopa nyama zomwe zikukwawa m'phanga la zodya nthenga.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Owl owl
Ziwombankhanga zimatha kutchedwa kuti mbalame zomwe sizimangokhala. Nthawi zina amatha kusamukira kamtunda pang'ono, koma, amakhala malo amodzi. Maso ndi kumva kwawo ndizabwino kwambiri, chifukwa kusaka usiku ndichabwino. Chenjezo ndi kupanda phokoso zimakhalapo mu mbalame, chifukwa chake, omwe angazunzidwe nthawi zambiri samakayikira kuti posakhalitsa adzakhala chakudya chodya nyama zodya mapiko.
Chosangalatsa: Kwa akadzidzi a kalulu, zochitika masana ndizofunikanso, pomwe abale ena onse akadzidzi amasaka usiku komanso kunja kutacha.
Masana, pafupifupi akadzidzi onse amakhala m'malo awo okhala, kupumula pambuyo pophulika usiku. Mbalamezi zimakonzera mapanga awo m'malo osiyanasiyana.
Kadzidzi amagwiritsira ntchito nyumba zawo:
- manda;
- osema mitengo;
- denga la nyumba;
- dzenje;
- zitsime;
- nyumba zosiyidwa;
- zinthu zakale ndi mabwinja osiyanasiyana;
- ming'alu yamiyala.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti tinthu tina ting'onoting'ono ta mbalamezi zimakhala ndi mapanga m'malo osowa kwambiri.
Chosangalatsa: Kadzidzi wokhala ku North America ali ndi mlomo wocheperako, kotero kuti iye mwini sangayese kubowola, nthawi zambiri amakhala pazisa zopanda kanthu ndi maenje a mbalame zina. Koma malo oyambirira omwe amakhala amakhala obowoka, opangidwa mu nkhadze yayikulu yotchedwa saguaro, yomwe ndi yachilendo kwambiri.
Akadzidzi ali ndi mphatso yoposa yodzibisa, amatha kumva, koma ndizovuta kuziwona. Ndimakonda moyo wachinsinsi, wazondi, chifukwa amakhala osamala pazonse, makamaka pakakumana ndi ma bip, omwe sakhulupirira. Kulira kwa kadzidzi usiku kumatha kuchititsa mantha ndikuwopseza, sizopanda pake kuti mbalameyi ndi ngwazi ya zikhulupiriro ndi zikhulupiriro zosiyanasiyana zowopsa. Kutengera njira zosiyanasiyana zosakira, chizolowezi chopanga makeke, kadzidzi amatha kutchedwa mbalame zanzeru kwambiri, zachuma komanso zanzeru. Ngati simusamala zizindikiro zonse ndi zamatsenga, ndiye kuti ndizotheka kuziweta ndikuzisunga kunyumba.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Mbalame ya Owl
Akadzidzi okhwima ogonana amakhala pafupi chaka chimodzi. Sizachabe kuti tidawatcha kuti anzeru, chifukwa amayamba kufunafuna chilakolako chokha kale ndikubwera kwa February, ndipo nyengo yaukwati imangoyamba masika. Anthu okwera pamahatchiwa ndi kufuula kwawo mokopa amakopa azimayi omwe ali ndi nthengawo, kenako amawasamalira, ndikuwachitira zabwino zonse zomwe zapezeka.
Mapiko achikondi amakondana ndi kunyozana pang'ono ndi milomo yawo. Pambuyo pokonza malo obisalapo, yaikazi imayamba kuikira mazira, omwe amatha kuyambira 2 mpaka 5. Makulitsidwe amayamba kuyambira nthawi yomwe dzira loyamba litayikira, chifukwa chake anapiye amakula mosagwirizana ndipo akapeza nthenga wamba, ndiye kuti mwana mmodzi kapena awiri okha amakhala ndi moyo, ngakhale makolo amawachitira mosamala kwambiri.
Mkaziyo sakhala wopanda ana kamodzi patsiku, ndipo ngakhale pamenepo, kwakanthawi kochepa. Nthawi yonseyi bambo wamtsogolo wamamayi amasamala za iye, kumubweretsera chakudya ndikumuteteza kwa omwe akufuna zoipa. Wamwamuna amalowanso m'malo mwa mnzakeyo akachoka. Anapiye amaswa patatha mwezi umodzi, ana amabadwa akhungu ndikuwaphimba.
Pakangodutsa nthenga, ana amakhala mchisa cha makolo awo pafupifupi milungu itatu, pomwe makolo amakaphunzitsira ana maluso onse osaka. Kukula kwa mbalame kumakhala kofulumira, kotero patatha mwezi umodzi amawoneka ngati abale awo okhwima. Zinyama zazing'ono zimapeza ufulu wonse mu Ogasiti, mpaka zimakula, zomwe nkhuku zimatha mpaka zaka khumi ndi zisanu.
Adani achilengedwe a Owl
Chithunzi: Owl m'nyengo yozizira
Kadzidzi ali ndi adani okwanira m'malo achilengedwe. Mbalame zomwe zimakhala pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu nthawi zambiri zimavutika ndi amphaka wamba, okhala ndi nthenga zam'malo otentha amawopa anyani, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupi ndi mizinda. Kuopsa kadzidzi kumaimiridwa ndi mitundu ingapo, yamphongo, mbalame zazikulu (mwachitsanzo akhwangwala). Khwangwala akhoza kupha kadzidzi ndi mulomo wake. Njoka zosiyanasiyana zimaopseza anapiye obadwira m'mabowo a mitengo.
Kadzidzi amavutika kwambiri ndi tiziromboti tomwe timawawononga, mkati ndi kunja komwe. Ndi anapiye omwe ali ndi tiziromboti tomwe timafa nthawi zambiri asanamwalire. Adani a kadzidzi amathanso kuphatikiza munthu yemwe nthawi zambiri amalowa m'malo okhala mapiko, ndikuwachotsa kumayiko okhala chifukwa cha zochitika zosiyanasiyana zachuma, zomwe zimasokoneza moyo wa mbalameyo.
Ziwombankhanga zimakhala ndi chidwi ndi anthu, osazilola kuyandikira pafupi nawo. Ngati munthu akadali pafupi kwambiri, ndiye kuti kadzidzi yemwe amachita mantha amayesa kuopseza omwe adadulidwa, akusunthira mbali zosiyanasiyana ndikugwada moseketsa. Ndizosangalatsa kuwona kuvina kotere, koma kumachitika kawirikawiri. Ngati njira yovina yovutayi ilibe mphamvu, ndipo mdaniyo sakubwerera m'mbuyo, kadzidzi amanyamuka ndikuuluka pafupi ndi nthaka.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Momwe kadzidzi amaonekera
Gawo logawira kadzidzi ndi lalikulu kwambiri, ndipo m'malo ena ziweto zawo ndizochulukirapo, sizimayambitsa mantha, koma si kulikonse komwe zinthu zili bwino. Pazaka khumi zapitazi, zadziwika kuti kuchuluka kwa akadzidzi kudera lonse la Europe kwatsika kwambiri, izi zikugwiranso ntchito mdziko lathu. Mabungwe achitetezo akuda nkhawa ndi izi ndipo akuyesetsa kuchita zonse zofunikira kuti akhazikitse chiwerengerochi.
Palibe chimodzi, koma zinthu zingapo zimasokoneza kuchuluka kwa akadzidzi. Choyamba, awa ndi anthu omwe amawononga zachilengedwe, zimawononga chilengedwe, ndikukhala m'malo otumizira mbalame zosowa zawo. Pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osiyanasiyana opha tizilombo pothirira minda yolimidwa, munthu amawononga akadzidzi ambiri, omwe amadya makoswe.
Kachiwiri, awa ndi majeremusi omwe amatenga miyoyo yambiri ya mbalame, makamaka omwe angobadwa kumene. Chachitatu, kusowa kwa chakudya m'malo ena (makamaka munthawi yozizira) kumachepetsa kwambiri mbalame. Chachinayi, kuchuluka kwa ma corvids kumavulaza kwambiri kadzidzi. Kuchuluka kwa zovuta zomwe zidatchulidwa kumabweretsa mfundo yakuti kuchuluka kwa akadzidzi kukucheperachepera, chifukwa chake, m'malo ambiri, amafunikira chitetezo chapadera.
Chitetezo cha Owl
Chithunzi: Owl kuchokera ku Red Book
Monga zinawululidwa kale, kuchuluka kwa akadzidzi kukucheperachepera, zomwe sizingakhale zofunikira kwa mabungwe oteteza zachilengedwe. Kadzidzi wamng'ono adatchulidwa mu Red Book of the Moscow Region kukhala osowa. M'madera onse oyandikana nawo, mbalameyi imadziwikanso ngati mtundu wa Red Data Book.Njira zodzitetezera zatengedwa m'chigawo cha Moscow kuyambira 1978, ndipo kadzidzi adapezeka mu Red Book likulu lokhalo mu 2001. Malo obisalira mbalame amadziwika kuti ndi otetezedwa. Zomwe zikulepheretsa apa ndi izi: nyengo yovuta, mvula yambiri yozizira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kupeza chakudya, kuchuluka kwa ma corvids omwe akuukira kadzidzi.
Mpheta ya mpheta imaphatikizidwa mu Red Data Books ya zigawo za Amur ndi Tula. Kulikonse komwe zimawerengedwa kuti ndizosowa, ndipo m'chigawo cha Amur, kuchepa kwa anthu ochepa kale kudalembedwanso. Zomwe zingachitike pazifukwa izi ndi kusowa kwa malo omangira zisa ndi kudziwa mtunduwu. Upland Owl imawoneka pamndandanda wofiira wa madera a Lipetsk, Ryazan ndi Tula, Mordovia. M'madera a Moscow ndi Nizhny Novgorod, zili pamndandanda wazamoyo zomwe zimafunikira kuwongolera kuchuluka kwawo ndi momwe zilili. Apa, kuchuluka kwa mbalame kumakhudzidwa ndi kudula nkhalango zakale. Kusaka mbalamezi ndikoletsedwa. Padziko lonse lapansi, mitundu yonse ya akadzidzi idalembedwa pamndandanda wachiwiri ku Msonkhano wa CITES.
Pamapeto pake ndikufuna kuwonjezera kuti, ngakhale pali nthano zoopsa komanso zamatsenga, kadzidzi Zikuwoneka zokongola komanso zokongola, ndipo maso akuya, opatsa chidwi, anzeru komanso olasa a mbalame amangokometsa. Ataphunzira za moyo wawo ndi zizolowezi zawo, zimawonekeratu kuti nyama zoyipa zazing'onazi ndizanzeru, osamala komanso odziyimira pawokha.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 07/30/2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 07/30/2019 pa 23:26
