Hatchi Yanyanja - wokhala m'madzi odziwika bwino. Amakumbukiridwa chifukwa cha mawonekedwe achilendo amthupi, zomwe zimapangitsa munthu kudabwa: kodi nyanjayi ndi nsomba kapena nyama? M'malo mwake, yankho lake ndi lomweli. Komanso, zolengedwazi zimakhala ndi zinsinsi zambiri zachilendo zomwe zimakhudzana ndi malo awo, moyo wawo komanso magawidwe awo.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Seahorse
Ma seahorses ndi amtundu wa nsomba zopangidwa ndi ray zochokera ku nsomba za acicular. Kafukufuku wamphepete mwa nyanja awonetsa kuti ma seahorses ndi subspecies zosinthidwa kwambiri zafishfish. Monga nsomba za singano, ma boti apamtunda amakhala ndi mawonekedwe olimba, mawonekedwe apadera am'kamwa, ndi mchira wautali wosunthika. Palibe zotsalira zambiri zam'nyanja zam'nyanja - zoyambilira zoyambira ku Pliocene, ndipo kulekanitsidwa kwa nsomba ndi ma seahorses zidachitika ku Oligocene.
Kanema: Nyanja
Zifukwa sizinakhazikitsidwe ndendende, koma izi zikuwonekera:
- mapangidwe amadzi osaya angapo, pomwe nsomba nthawi zambiri zimasambira molunjika momwe zingathere;
- kufalikira kwa ndere zambiri komanso kutuluka kwamakono. Chifukwa chake nsombazo zidafunikira kukulitsa momwe mchira umagwirira ntchito.
Pali mitundu yowoneka bwino yamanyanja yomwe asayansi onse sawona ngati mtundu uwu.
Ena mwa nyanja zokongola kwambiri ndi awa:
- chitoliro. Maonekedwe ake amafanana ndi kanyanja kakang'ono kwambiri kokhala ndi thupi lowonda kwambiri;
- nyanja yaminga - mwiniwake wa singano zazitali zolimba mthupi lonse;
- Zinyama zam'madzi, makamaka zovuta. Ali ndi mawonekedwe obisika, ngati kuti ataphimbidwa ndi masamba ndi njira za algae;
- nyanjayi ndi nthumwi yaying'ono kwambiri yam'nyanjayi, yomwe kukula kwake kumapitilira 2 cm;
- kavalo wakuda Nyanja ndi mtundu womwe ulibe minga.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Momwe nyanja ikuwonekera
Nyanjayi sinatchulidwe mwangozi - imafanana ndi kavalo wa chess mthupi lake. Thupi lokhalitsa, lopindika limagawika pamutu, torso ndi mchira. Nyanjayi ili ndi zokutira zokhala ndi nthiti. Izi zimapangitsa kufanana kwa ndere. Kukula kwa ma seahorses ndikosiyana, kutengera mitundu, imatha kufikira masentimita 4, kapena masentimita 25. Imasiyananso ndi nsomba zina chifukwa imasambira mozungulira, ikukhazikitsa mchira wake pansi.
Izi ndichifukwa choti chikhodzodzo cham'mimba chimakhala mkati mwa mutu ndi mutu, ndipo chikhodzodzo cham'mutu ndichachikulu kuposa cham'mimba. Chifukwa chake, mutu "umayandama" mmwamba. Zipsepse za m'nyanjayi ndizochepa, zimakhala ngati "chiwongolero" - mothandizidwa ndi izo zimayenda m'madzi ndikuwongolera. Ngakhale ma boti amasambira pang'onopang'ono, kudalira kubisala. Palinso dorsal fin yomwe imalola kuti nyanjayi ikhale yoyimirira nthawi zonse.
Chosangalatsa: Ma seahorses amatha kuwoneka osiyana - nthawi zina mawonekedwe awo amafanana ndi ndere, miyala ndi zinthu zina zomwe amabisala.
Nyanjayi ili ndi mphuno yakuthwa, yolimba yokhala ndi maso akulu. Nyanja yam'nyanja ilibe pakamwa pamalingaliro achikale - ndi chubu chofananira ndi physiology pakamwa pa malo owonera. Amadzikoka m'madzi kudzera mu chubu kuti adyetse ndikupuma. Mtunduwo umatha kukhala wosiyanasiyana, zimadaliranso ndi malo okhala nyanja. Mitundu yofala kwambiri imakhala ndi chivundikiro cha imvi chokhala ndi madontho akuda akuda. Pali mitundu ya mitundu yowala: yachikaso, yofiira, yobiriwira. Nthawi zambiri mtundu wowalawo umatsagana ndi zipsepse zofanana ndi masamba a algae.
Mchira wa kunyanja ndiwosangalatsa. Imakhala yopindika komanso yopindika pokhapokha ngati munthu akusambira kwambiri. Ndi mchira uwu, nyanja zam'nyanja zimatha kumamatira pazinthu zoti zigwiritsike pamafunde amphamvu. M'mimba mwa nyanja zam'madzi ndizodabwitsa. Chowonadi ndi chakuti ziwalo zoberekera zimapezeka pamenepo. Mwa akazi, awa ndiye ovipositor, ndipo mwa amuna, ndimimba yam'mimba, yomwe imawoneka ngati yotsegulira pakati pamimba.
Kodi kunyanja kumakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Nyanja yamadzi m'madzi
Nyanja zimakonda madzi otentha komanso otentha, ndipo kutentha kwamadzi kumakhala kokhazikika.
Nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'mphepete mwa nyanja izi:
- Australia;
- Malaysia;
- Zilumba za Philippines;
- Thailand.
Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'madzi osaya, koma pali mitundu yomwe imakhala mozama. Ma seahorses amangokhala, obisalamo algae ndi miyala yamchere yamchere. Amagwira zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndi michira yawo ndipo nthawi zina amapanga timizere kuchokera pa tsinde. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ndi matupi awo, ma seahorses ndiabwino kubisala.
Mahatchi ena amatha kusintha mtundu kuti agwirizane ndi malo awo atsopanowo. Chifukwa chake amadzibisa okha kuchokera kuzilombozo ndikupeza chakudya chawo moyenera. Nyanjayi imayenda maulendo ataliatali m'njira yapadera: imakakamira nsomba zina ndi mchira wake, ndipo imachoka pamenepo nsomba zikafika mu algae kapena m'matanthwe.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe nyanjayi imapezeka. Tiyeni tiwone chakudyachi.
Kodi nyanja zimadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Seahorse
Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe apadera amkamwa, ma seahorses amatha kudya chakudya chochepa kwambiri. Imakoka madzi ngati bomba, ndipo limodzi ndi mtsinje wamadzi, plankton ndi zakudya zina zazing'ono zimalowa mkamwa mwa nyanja.
Ma nyanja akuluakulu amatha kukoka:
- nkhanu;
- shirimpi;
- nsomba zazing'ono;
- ziphuphu;
- mazira a nsomba zina.
N'zovuta kutchula nyanjayi kuti ikhale nyama yolusa. Mitundu yaying'ono yam'nyanja zimadyetsa mosalekeza ndikujambula m'madzi. Mahatchi akuluakulu amapita kukasaka kubisa: michira yawo imamatira ku algae ndi miyala yamchere yamchere, kudikirira nyama yabwino pafupi.
Chifukwa chakuchedwa kwawo, anthu oyenda panyanja sadziwa momwe angatsatire wovulalayo. Masana, mitundu yaying'ono yam'nyanja zimadya mpaka 3 zikwi, crustaceans ngati gawo la plankton. Amadyetsa mosalekeza nthawi iliyonse yamasana - chowonadi ndichakuti mtunda ulibe njira yogaya chakudya, chifukwa chake amayenera kudya mosalekeza.
Chosangalatsa: Si zachilendo kuti anthu oyenda panyanja adye nsomba zazikulu; ali osasankhidwa mu chakudya - chinthu chachikulu ndikuti nyamayo imalowa mkamwa.
Mu ukapolo, nyanja zimadyetsa daphnia, shrimp ndi chakudya chapadera chouma. Chozizwitsa chodyetsa kunyumba ndikuti chakudyacho chiyenera kukhala chatsopano, koma chizidyetsedwa pafupipafupi, apo ayi nyanja zam'madzi zimatha kudwala ndikufa.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Orange Seahorse
Ma seahorses amangokhala. Kuthamanga kwambiri komwe angafikire mpaka 150 metres pa ola, koma amasuntha kwambiri, ngati kuli kofunikira. Nyanja zam'madzi ndi nsomba zosachita nkhanza zomwe sizimenya nsomba zina, ngakhale zili zolusa. Amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono a anthu 10 mpaka 50 ndipo alibe gulu kapena dongosolo. Munthu wa gulu limodzi amatha kukhala m'gulu lina mosavuta.
Chifukwa chake, ngakhale amakhala pagulu, nyanjayi ndianthu odziyimira pawokha. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, ma seahorses amatha kupanga mitundu yayitali yokhazikika. Nthawi zina mgwirizanowu umakhala moyo wonse wapanyanja. A seahorses - wamwamuna ndi wamwamuna, amapangidwa pambuyo pobereka bwino mwana woyamba. M'tsogolomu, awiriwa adzabereka pafupifupi mosalekeza, ngati palibe zomwe zikulepheretsa izi.
Ma seahorses ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha zovuta zamtundu uliwonse. Mwachitsanzo, ngati wanyanja ataya mnzake, amataya chidwi ndi kuswana ndipo amatha kukana kudya, ndichifukwa chake amafa pasanathe maola 24. Kutchera ndikusunthira kumadzi am'madzi kumawapanikizanso. Monga lamulo, mafunde oyenda panyanja ayenera kusinthidwa ndi akatswiri oyenerera - anthu omwe agwidwawo samaponyedwa m'madzi am'madzi wamba.
Ma seahors akutchire samazolowera bwino kunyumba, nthawi zambiri amakhala okhumudwa ndikumwalira. Koma ma seahorses, obadwira m'madzi okhala m'madzi, amakhala mwamtendere kunyumba.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Seahorse munyanja
Ma seahorses alibe nyengo yokhazikika yokwatirana. Amuna, atha msinkhu, amayamba kuzungulira akazi osankhidwa, kuwonetsa chidwi chawo chokwatirana. Munthawi imeneyi, malo ofewa a bere lamwamuna, osatetezedwa ndi chitin, amada. Mkazi samachita nawo kuvina uku, amaundana m'malo mwake ndikuyang'ana wamwamuna kapena wamwamuna angapo nthawi imodzi.
Mitundu ina yayikulu yam'nyanja imatha kutulutsa thumba pachifuwa. Mwambo uwu umabwerezedwa kwa masiku angapo mpaka mkazi atasankha wamwamuna. Asanakwere, yamphongo yomwe yasankhidwa imatha "kuvina" tsiku lonse mpaka kutopa. Mkazi amauza wamphongo kuti ndi wokonzeka kukwatiwa ikadzakwera pafupi ndi madzi. Mwamuna amamutsatira, kutsegula thumba. Ovosita ya mkaziyo imakulitsa, amaiyika kutseguka kwa chikwama ndikuikira mazira mchikwama chamwamuna. Amupatsa feteleza panjira.
Chiwerengero cha mazira olumikizidwa ndi umuna chimadalira kukula kwa champhongo - chachimuna chachikulu chimatha kulowetsa mazira ambiri m'thumba lake. Mitundu yaying'ono yam'malo otentha yam'madzi amatulutsa mazira mpaka 60, mitundu ikuluikulu yoposa mazana asanu. Nthawi zina ma seahorses amakhala ndi magulu awiri okhazikika omwe samatha mu moyo wa anthu awiri. Kenako kukwatira kumachitika popanda miyambo - mkazi amangoyikira mazira m'thumba lamwamuna.
Patatha milungu inayi, champhongo chimayamba kutulutsa mwachangu m'thumba - njirayi ndiyofanana ndi "kuwombera": chikwama chimakulitsa ndipo mwachangu ambiri amawulukira ku ufulu. Pachifukwa ichi, champhongo chimasambira kupita kumalo otseguka, komwe kwamphamvu kwambiri - ndiye kuti mwachangu kufalikira kudera lonse. Makolowo alibe chidwi ndi tsogolo la nyanja zazing'ono.
Adani achilengedwe anyanja
Chithunzi: Seahorse ku Crimea
Nyanjayi ndi yodzibisa komanso moyo wachinsinsi. Chifukwa cha ichi, nyanjayi ili ndi adani ochepa kwambiri omwe amasaka nsomba iyi mwadala.
Nthawi zina nyanja zam'madzi zimakhala chakudya cha zolengedwa izi:
- nkhanu zikuluzikulu zimadyera kunyanja yaying'ono, ng'ombe ndi caviar;
- Nkhanu ndi adani a nyanja zam'madzi zonse pansi pamadzi komanso pamtunda. Nthawi zina sitima zapamadzi zimatha kunyamula ndere pakagwa namondwe, ndichifukwa chake zimanyamulidwa kupita kumtunda, komwe zimasanduka nkhanu;
- nsomba zoseketsa zimakhala m'makorali ndi ma anemones, pomwe nthawi zambiri zimapezeka;
- tuna amatha kudya chilichonse chomwe akuyenda, ndipo oyendetsa nyanja amayenda mwangozi.
Chosangalatsa: Ma boti oyenda mosavutikira amapezeka m'mimba mwa dolphin.
Ma seahorses sangathe kudziteteza, sadziwa kuthawa. Ngakhale ma subspecies "othamanga kwambiri" sadzakhala ndi liwiro lokwanira kuti athe kuzitsata. Koma ma seahorses samasakidwa mwadala, chifukwa ambiri a iwo amakhala ndi singano zakuthwa komanso zophuka.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Momwe nyanja ikuwonekera
Mitundu yambiri yam'nyanja ili pafupi kutha. Zambiri pa kuchuluka kwa zamoyozi ndizotsutsana: asayansi ena amatchula mitundu 32, ina - yoposa 50. Komabe, mitundu 30 yam'nyanja ili pafupi kutha.
Zifukwa zakutha kwa nyanja ndizosiyana. Izi zikuphatikiza:
- kugwidwa kwamadzi ambiri ngati chikumbutso;
- kugwira nyanja zam'madzi ngati chakudya;
- kuwononga chilengedwe;
- kusintha kwa nyengo.
Ma seahorses amatha kutengeka kwambiri - kusintha pang'ono kwachilengedwe kwa malo awo kumabweretsa kufa kwa nyanja zam'nyanja. Kuwonongeka kwa nyanja zam'mlengalenga kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa anthu osati nyanja zokha, komanso nsomba zina zambiri.
Chosangalatsa: Nthawi zina kunyanja kumatha kusankha wamkazi yemwe sanakonzekere kukwatira. Ndiye amachitabe miyambo yonse, koma chifukwa chake, kuswana sikukuchitika, kenako amadzipezera bwenzi latsopano.
Kuteteza nyanja
Chithunzi: Zoyenda panyanja kuchokera ku Red Book
Mitundu yambiri yam'madzi am'nyanja amalembedwa mu Red Book. Udindo wa mitundu yotetezedwa idapezedwa pang'onopang'ono ndi nyanja zapamadzi, chifukwa ndizovuta kwambiri kulemba kuchuluka kwa nsombazi. Maulendo apanyanja ataliatali anali oyamba kuphatikizidwa mu Red Book - iyi inali Red Book ya Ukraine mu 1994. Kusamala kwa ma seahorses kumalephereka chifukwa ma nyanja amafa chifukwa chovutika kwambiri. Sangathe kusamutsidwa kupita kumagawo atsopano; ndizovuta kuwaberekera m'madzi am'madzi ndi m'mapaki am'madzi.
Njira zazikuluzikulu zomwe zimatengedwa kuteteza ma skate ndi awa:
- kuletsa kugwira nyanja - kumatengedwa ngati kuwononga nyama;
- kukhazikitsidwa kwa malo otetezedwa komwe kuli magulu akuluakulu anyanja;
- Kulimbikitsa chonde kudzera mwa kudyetsa nyama zam'nyanja zakutchire.
Njirazi sizothandiza kwenikweni, monga m'maiko a Asia ndi Thailand, kugwidwa kwa ma seahorses ndikololedwa ndipo kukuchitikabe. Pomwe anthu akupulumutsidwa ndi chonde cha nsombazi - munthu m'modzi yekha mwa mazira zana amapulumuka kufikira atakula, koma iyi ndi nambala yodziwika kwambiri mwa nsomba zambiri zam'malo otentha.
Hatchi Yanyanja - nyama yodabwitsa komanso yachilendo. Amasiyana mitundu, mitundu komanso makulidwe osiyanasiyana, pokhala imodzi mwamitundu yochititsa chidwi kwambiri ya nsomba. Tikuyembekezerabe kuti njira zodzitetezera kunyanja zibala zipatso, ndipo nsomba izi zipitilizabe kukula m'nyanja zikuluzikulu.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 07/27/2019
Tsiku losintha: 30.09.2019 nthawi 20:58
