Abulu ndi odziwika chifukwa amaoneka osiyana pamaso pa anthu. Ena amawona ngati opanda nzeru zokwanira, ena amaganiza kuti palibe nyama zanzeru kuposa izi. Kwa wina bulu omvera ndi ofatsa, otsalawo akuti kuuma kwa bulu sikudziwa malire. Kuti mupeze chowonadi, muyenera kutembenukira kuzinthu zodalirika zomwe akatswiri ofufuza zinyama adapeza pakufufuza.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Bulubanja equine kukula kwa mita imodzi ndi theka ali ndi thupi lalitali, lalifupi croup. Pamutu waukulu pali makutu akulu ataliatali, okutidwa ndi ubweya kuchokera mkati. Mtundu wake ndi wakuda-wakuda, mawu ofiira, nthawi zina amapezeka oyera.
Mzere wakuda wakuda umaonekera m'mbali mwa phirilo. Mimba, malo ozungulira mabowo amaso, pansi pamunsi pake ndi mopepuka. Mane ndi wamfupi, amadzitukumula mozungulira ndikamafota, thupi limavala mchira ndi chingwe chakumapeto kumapeto.
Ziboda za nyama, zosinthidwa kukhala malo osagwirizana, zimafunikira nyengo yowuma. Ndi chinyezi chochuluka, zokhumudwitsa, ming'alu imawonekera pamwamba, pomwe kutupa ndi zotupa zimapangika. Kwa nthawi yonse yopuma, bulu amatha kuthamanga kwambiri kuposa kavalo wothamanga.
Kunyumba koyamba kunachitikira ku Egypt, madera ozungulira. Abulu ankagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kunyamula katundu. Amakulitsidwanso nyama, mkaka, wothandizidwa ndi magaleta. Pambuyo pake, ziweto ndi anthu ena anafalikira kumayiko onse kupatula Arctic ndi Antarctica.
Nyama yonga bulu Kulan waku Asia, komwe sikangakhale koweta. Zanyama zakutchire zimasiyanitsa kukhala mapiri olemera komanso owonda ataliatali amiyendo. Akazi ndi ocheperako kuposa amuna. Mtundu wa kulan ndi wamchenga kapena wabulauni. Ubweya, womwe umatalika m'nyengo yozizira, umasintha nyengo.
Bulu, nyama wodzichepetsa, wolimba, koma gawo lalikulu ndikulimba mtima, kupirira. Kugonana kwa munthu kumawonetsedwa bwino makamaka mukamadyedwa mopyola malire. Pakubzala mitundu yoweta, sizinali zotheka kupondereza majini omwe amateteza anthu.
Ngati abulu akuwona kuti kugwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso kungawononge thanzi lawo, ndiye kuti sangapite patali kufikira atapeza nyonga. Bulu akumveka zachilendo, zosasangalatsa pakuzindikira. Nyama nthawi zambiri imakhala chete. Kubangula kwakukulu, kudula khutu la munthu, kumawonetsa ngozi kapena njala.
Malinga ndi horoscope ya Zoroastrian bulu wamtundu wa totem ikuyimira kukhazikika, kutsatira mfundo, mtendere ndi kupirira kwakukulu. Abulu ndi ouma khosi ndipo amalimbikira kukwaniritsa zolinga zawo, sataya nthawi yawo pachabe, osasokonezedwa ndi zazing'ono. Ngati athana ndi chopinga, palibe amene angayime. Nyama ndizogwira ntchito bwino, zimawona tanthauzo la moyo pantchito, osati chifukwa chopeza ulemu.
Anthu, omwe totem ndi bulu, sakonda kukangana, amayambitsa udani. Amamvera malamulo, sakonda zachilendo, amalemekeza kukhazikika. Kusamala, kucheza, kupirira kumathandizira kuti pakhale mgwirizano wamphamvu pabanja, kupereka zosowa za mamembala onse mokwanira. Powunika zipatso pantchito, iwo amasankha nthawi yopumira kuntchito.
Zotsatira zake zomaliza zikakhala zosamveka bwino komanso zosamveka, ndiye kuti totem ya bulu idzaleka kugwira ntchito kwakanthawi, ngakhale kuvutika kwamisala. Cholinga chikangomveka, ayambiranso bizinesi.
Mitundu
Buluyo anafalikira kwambiri ku Central Asia, Africa, ndi mayiko a Middle East. Ku Russia, 99% ya anthu amakhala ku Dagestan. Ngakhale kuti buluyo salekerera nyengo yotentha ya ku Europe, amapangidwira m'minda yapadera ndi akatswiri azanyama ochokera kumayiko otukuka aku Europe.
Abulu osiyana omwe amakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana amakhala ndi mitundu pafupifupi mazana atatu. Mitundu yosangalatsa yokhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanitsa ndi awa:
1. Poiatus
Idapangidwa ku Poitou, komwe kuli 500 km kuchokera likulu la France, zaka 10 zapitazo. Anthu ndi ochepa, koma osachepera theka la zaka zapitazo. Abulu okhala ndi zofiirira zofiira zisanu ndi chimodzi kutalika kwake, kufikira 10 cm ndi kupitilira apo, adagwiritsidwa ntchito kale pantchito yolima.
Ndi kufalikira kwa mafamu, ziweto zidatumizidwa ambiri kuti akaphe. Theka la zaka zana zapitazo, panali oimira 30 okhawo. Tithokoze omenyera ufulu wa nyama, anthu akula kwambiri.
2. Mtsinje wa Sardinian (Mediterranean)
Kukula kwa bulu sikupitirira masentimita 90. Mtundu waukulu ndi mbewa, koma kusiyanasiyana kwa bulauni mpaka mithunzi yofiira imaloledwa. Nyama ndi yosavuta, imagwirizana ndi agalu, imagudubuza kumbuyo kwa ana. Abusa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mtunduwu kuyang'anira ziweto.
Ngakhale akuwoneka pang'ono, bulu wa Sardinia samangodziwitsa ndi mawu okhudza kuyandikira kwa alendo, komanso amalimbana molimba mtima ndi mdani. Abulu ndi odekha, olimba mtima komanso anzeru. Amakongoletsa moyo wabanja kapena amakhala mnzake wa munthu wosungulumwa.
3. Mammoth
Oimira anthuwo ndi nyama zazikulu. Abulu amafika kutalika kwa masentimita 160, abulu - masentimita 140. Amaweta ku United States kuti awoloke ndi mahatchi ndi nyulu. Ngakhale akugwiritsa ntchito makina olima, alimi akupitilizabe kugwiritsa ntchito mtunduwo. Mtundu wa malaya amfupi umakhala wofiira mpaka wakuda.
4. Chikatalani
Mtundu wolimba kwambiri, wolimba mtima waku Spain ndiwotalika masentimita 5 kuposa mammoth. Linapangidwa kuti ligwiritsidwe ntchito pomanga njanji, zonyamula mchere. Mdima wofanana. Mtundu wonyezimira, wotuwa ndi mawonekedwe a thupi lakumunsi, kummero ndi m'mphepete mwa maso.
5. Dagestan
Bulu amakhala wodzichepetsa akawasunga. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyamula katundu m'misewu yolimba yamapiri. Mtunduwo suli wokwera - mita imafota. Mtunduwo ndi wakuda kapena wowala. Mikwingwirima yakuda kumbuyo ndi mapewa.
Kulakalaka kubereketsa mtundu wolimba komanso wolimba kunapangitsa kuti abulu awoloke ndi mares. Ma nyulu afalikira ku Asia, India, Africa. Nyama ndi zomvera, ndizosavuta kukwera. Chosangalatsa ndi chosakanizidwa ndichoti chimakhala ndi moyo wautali, chimakhala zaka 5-7 kuposa abulu. Nyulu yatengera makhalidwe a makolo onse awiri.
Loshak - wosakanizidwa wa bulu ndi kavalo sakonda kwenikweni chifukwa cha zovuta za kuswana, kupirira pang'ono. Hound amaoneka ngati bulu kuposa kavalo. Gwiritsani ntchito mayendedwe, gwirani ntchito kumunda.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Kukula kwa Africa, kuwonongedwa kwa nyama chifukwa cha zamankhwala, kusintha kwanyengo kudapangitsa kuti abulu amtchire achoke m'malo awo oyamba. Gawo logawa lakucheperachepera kumayiko angapo omwe ali kumadzulo ndi kumpoto kwa Africa (Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia).
Abulu amapezeka m'mapiri mpaka mamita zikwi ziwiri kuchokera kumtunda kwa nyanja komanso m'malo am'chipululu omwe ali ndi masamba obanika. Nyamazi zimakhala pansi, zimakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono osapitilira 15.
Ziboda zolimba siziopa mchenga wotentha komanso miyala yotentha. Kusewerera masana pofunafuna chakudya kumateteza kutentha. Amayembekezera kutentha m'zigwa zamiyala.
Mosafunikira, chinyama sichikutsutsana ndi omwe angakhale adani, kuyesera kupitilira zoopsa. Izi ndizotheka chifukwa chakukula kwamaso ndi kumva. Mitundu yamtchire ndi mitundu yangozi, yomwe imawonetsedwa mu Red Book.
Bulu wamphongo wodzichepetsa nyengo yotentha. Canopy kapena corral yokhala ndi malo okwana 5 sq. m ndizokwanira zokwanira. M'nyengo yozizira ndi kutentha kwa subzero, malo okhalamo okhala ndi makoma osaphulika komanso thabwa lokhala ndi udzu limafunikira. Chinyezi, mphepo yozizira ndi chisamaliro chosayenera imatha kuyambitsa chimfine.
Abulu samadwala kawirikawiri, samafuna mahatchi, chifukwa ziboda ndizolimba mwachilengedwe. Amadziwika ndi kuthekera kosuntha katundu wolemera zoposa theka la matupi awo. Nthawi zina kulemera kwake kumakhala kofanana ndi kulemera kwa bulu.
Mukatopa, chibadwa chodzipulumutsa chimayambitsidwa. Nyamayo siigwedezeka mpaka itawona kuti ndiyofunika kupitiriza. Amayamikira malingaliro abwino kwa iyemwini, amadziphatika kwa mwiniwake, amaphonya popanda iye.
Bulu amateteza bwino pamene akudyetsa ziweto. Molimba mtima amathamangitsa nyama zazing'ono, osapereka ngakhale mimbulu. Kukhala wolimba kumafuna kugwira ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku, kudyetsa kwaulere kapena kuyenda maulendo ataliatali.
Kusamalira ziweto kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito burashi, kusunga ziboda. Khungu lonyowa silimakhala bwino. Bulangete amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza ku mvula ndi kuzizira. Osachepera tsiku lililonse, pogona amafunika kutsukidwa ndi manyowa.
Bulu watemera katemera, khungu limachiritsidwa motsutsana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndipo amapatsidwa mankhwala a helminths. Bulu woweta samangokhala wothandizira kulimbikira, komanso nyama yothandizana nayo yomwe ili yokhulupirika kwa abale awo, kuphatikiza ana.
Zakudya zabwino
Kuti bvuto likhale ndi thanzi labwino, bulu amafunika zakudya zazomera zopanda mafuta ambiri. Abulu amadyetsa masana, amadya chakudya pang'ono. Mbewu zokhala ndi shuga wambiri (chimanga, tirigu, oats) sizoyenera. Zogulitsazi zikagwiritsidwa ntchito, nyama zimakhala zonenepa kwambiri ndipo thanzi lawo limakula.
Abulu amathera nthawi yawo yambiri yamasana msipu. Koma herbaceous zomera chilimwe ndi udzu m'nyengo yozizira sizimapanga maziko azakudya. Chakudya chachikulu cha bulu woweta ndi udzu. M'malo awo achilengedwe, nyama zimadya udzu, makungwa a zitsamba, zipatso.
Nyama zakale zokhala ndi mano ofooka, abulu odwala komanso oyamwa amakonda mankhusu. Kuchuluka kwa chakudya chama protein kumabweretsa imfa ya nyama. Musaiwale kuti makolo a abulu owetedwa amapezeka kumayiko ouma aku Africa.
Eni ake amasintha zakudyazo ndi masamba ndi zipatso. Chiwerengero cha zinthu zomwe zaperekedwa siziyenera kupitilira chimodzi chokha nthawi imodzi. Kaloti, nthochi, apulo zimawonjezedwa pamndandanda.
Zoletsedwa:
- nsomba nyama;
- mkate, osokoneza;
- zonunkhira, zophika;
- kabichi wa mitundu yonse;
- mbatata.
Bulu zakutchire ndizodzichepetsa pakuthirira - ndikokwanira kubwera pachitsime kamodzi m'masiku atatu. Bulu amapatsidwa madzi kunyumba tsiku lililonse, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira amatenthedwanso.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Kubereketsa nyama kuthengo kumayendetsedwa ndi chibadwa, motero ana nthawi zambiri amabadwa odwala, ofooka. Chowonadi ndichakuti kukwatirana kumachitika munthu akatha msinkhu, kuyambira ali ndi zaka ziwiri. Ndipo kukula kwakuthupi kwa abulu kumatha kokha atakwanitsa zaka zinayi.
Pakati pa akazi a estrus, yamphongo imawonetsa chidwi, ikununkhira pansi pa mchira, ndikuluma khosi la bwenzi lake. Ngati buluyo abweretsa ana zaka ziwiri zilizonse, ndiye kuti yamphongoyo imakhala yokonzeka kuti ikumane ndi umuna chaka chonse.
Nthawi yonyamula mwana wamwamuna ndiyachaka chimodzi mpaka chaka ndi miyezi iwiri, kudyetsa mkaka mpaka miyezi isanu ndi inayi, koma kuyambira kale milungu iwiri mwana amadya chakudya chomera. Mimba nthawi zambiri imakhala singleton, makamaka ma colt awiri amawoneka.
Abulu akunyumba amakhala okonzekera kutenga pakati. Perekani mavitamini othandizira, kuchepetsa zolimbitsa thupi. Wamwamuna amasankhidwa ndi mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri amtundu, kulemera koyenera, wathanzi komanso wathanzi.
Minda ikuluikulu yomwe ikusowa ana oberekera imagwiritsa ntchito njira yolumikizira. M'minda yaying'ono, kuluka kumachitika m'njira zitatu - zowongolera, kudula, kuphika.
Poyamba, banjali limasiyidwa m khola, pomwe nyama zimadziwana bwino. Feteleza imayang'aniridwa ndi wolandirayo kuti ipewe kutaya msanga msanga. Ngati zichitika, kukwatirana kumabwerezedwa.
Ndi njira yocheka, yamphongo imasiyidwa yokha ndi gulu la abulu pamalo odyetserako ziweto. Njira yophika imaphatikizapo kuphimba abulu angapo ndi yamphongo imodzi m khola. Njira ziwiri zomaliza zimawerengedwa kuti ndizopindulitsa kwambiri.
Nthawi ya abulu imakhudzidwa ndi chibadwa, thanzi, malo okhala komanso kudyera nyama. Zaka zapakati pa makumi awiri mpaka makumi atatu ndi zisanu zimawerengedwa kuti ndizapakati. Pali azaka zana zakubadwa omwe afika zaka 47.
