Kiteite wosuta wamapiko (Elanus scriptus) ndi wa oda ya Falconiformes.
Zizindikiro zakunja za kabaite wokhala ndi mapiko atuluka ntchentche
Kite wofiirira wokhala ndi mapiko amakhala ndi kukula kwa masentimita 37. Mapiko ake ndi 84 mpaka 89 cm.
Kulemera 291x 427 g.
Nyamayi yaing'ono yamphongo yokhala ndi mutu wokulirapo, mapiko ataliatali, osati mchira wosongoka wokhala ndi mphako. Amawoneka wokongola kwambiri, makamaka akakhala ngati mbalame.
Mwa mbalame zazikulu, mbali zakumtunda zimakhala zotuwa, mosiyana ndi nthenga zakuda zaphiko komanso ndi malo akuda. Mchira ndi wotuwa pang'ono. Mtundu wakuda nthawi zina umakhala ndi bulauni. Kutsogolo kwake, hood ndi chipumi ndizoyera. Nkhopeyo ndi yoyera kwathunthu, yofanana ndi chimbale cha nkhope cha kadzidzi, mwina chifukwa chakuti mawanga akuda mozungulira komanso pansi pa maso ndi otukuka kwambiri. Pansi pake thupi ndi loyera. Mapiko apamwamba a mapiko ndi akuda. Nthenga zouluka ndizimvi zakuda. Nthenga zosunthira zimakhala zoyera mpaka imvi ndi mzere wakuda wosweka wopanga chilembo "M" kapena "W".
Mlomo ndi wakuda. Iris ya diso ndi ruby yofiira. Sera, miyendo ya pinki-kirimu.
Malo okhala ndi kanyama kakang'ono kosuta
Kite wofiirira wokhala ndi mapiko amapezeka pakati pa mitengo m'mbali mwa mitsinje. Mumakhala malo owuma okhala ndi mitengo yopanda kanthu, komanso madera ambiri ouma owuma. Ndi kuchepa kwa chakudya, mbalame zodya nyama zimatha kupita kumadera ena, kukafika kugombe lazilumba zazing'ono zomwe zili pafupi ndi gombe. Amatha kuswana komweko, koma samakhala motalikirapo, nthawi zonse amabwerera kumalo obadwira. Ma kite a Lepidoptera osuta amatsata malo okhala pakati pa nyanja mpaka 1000 mita.
Kufalikira kwa mphamba wa mapiko otulutsa ntchentche
Mapiko omwe amakhala ndi mapiko otulutsa utsi amapezeka ku Australia.
Madera akuluakulu obereketsa ali mkati mwa Northern Territory ku Queensland, South Australia ndi New South Wales-du-Sud, Barkley Plateau komanso mitsinje ya Georgiaina ndi Diamantina mpaka ku Lake Eyre ndi Darling River. Komabe, m'malo ovuta kwambiri mdera lawo, mbalame zodya nyama zimafalikira pafupifupi kulikonse ku kontrakitala, kupatula zigawo za m'chipululu chakumadzulo ndi kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Cape York Peninsula komanso m'mbali mwa Carpentaria Bay.
Makhalidwe a kite wofiirira wokhala ndi mapiko
Mbalame zokhazokha zimamatira kumalire akunja kwa madera awo. Pakati pa nyengo yoswana, amakhala ochezeka kwambiri, amakhala m'magulu, nthawi zina mpaka 50 awiriawiri pamalo amodzi. Kunja kwa nyengo yoswana, mbalame zingapo zimasonkhana m'malo amodzi. Pafupi ndi njuchi, agulugufe, ma eyiti osuta, zimauluka ngati agulugufe akuluakulu. Nthawi zina zimadumphira pamtunda, koma sizichita ndege zozungulira kumtunda m'nyengo yokwanira.
M'nyengo yadzuwa, pakagwa mvula yochepa komanso chakudya sichokwanira, mbalame zomwe zimadya nyama zimangoyendayenda.
Pakakhala mbewa, amalowa m'malo omwe sakhazikika.
Kubalana kwa mphalapala wa mapiko otulutsa ntchentche
Ma kite a Lepidoptera osuta omwe amakhala m'malo am'magulu, makamaka awiriawiri. M'mudziwu muli awiriawiri pafupifupi 20, ndipo zisa zawo zimafalikira pamitengo ingapo. Nyengo yogona imakhala kuyambira Ogasiti mpaka Januware. Komabe, ndi chakudya chochuluka m'nyengo yamvula, mbalamezi zimatha kubzala mosalekeza miyezi yonse yachaka. Chisa ndi nsanja yosaya yomangidwa ndi nthambi zoonda. Amayeza masentimita 28 mpaka 38 m'lifupi ndi 20 mpaka 30 masentimita kuya. Ngati chisa chakhala chikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka zambiri motsatira, ndiye kuti kukula kwake kumakhala kokulirapo ndikufikira 74 cm mulifupi ndi 58 cm masentimita. Mbalamezi zimakonza chisa chakale chaka chilichonse. Pansi pa chisa pamakhala masamba obiriwira, ubweya wa nyama, ndipo nthawi zina ndowe za ziweto. Manyowa ambiri ndi zinyalala zimasonkhana muzisa zakale zomwe zili pakati pa 2 ndi 11 mita kuchokera pansi.
Clutch imakhala ndi mazira 4 kapena 5, kukula kwakukulu 44 mm x 32 mm. Mazirawo ndi oyera ndi mawanga ofiira ofiira, omwe amakonda kupezeka kwambiri kumapeto. Mzimayi amakhala yekha kwa masiku 30. Ana amphaka amasiya chisa pambuyo pa masiku 32.
Kite Wosuta Mapiko
Lepidoptera kites wodyetsa amangodya nyama zazing'ono zokha, amakonda makoswe. Amadyanso zokwawa zazing'ono ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ngati chakudya chawo wamba sichokwanira. Zowononga nthenga zimasaka:
- makoswe aubweya wautali (Rattus villosissimus), omwe ndi nyama yofala kwambiri;
- makoswe wamba;
- mbewa zapakhomo;
- mbewa zamchenga (Pseudomys hermannsburgensis);
- Mbewa za Spinnifex (Notomys alexis).
Ma kites omwe ali ndi mapiko omwe amasuta omwe amafufuza kwinaku akuyenda mopitilira gawo kapena obisalira. Njira zawo zosakira ndizofanana kwambiri ndi mitundu ina ya mphamba. Mbalame zodya nyama zimayendayenda m'derali, zimauluka motsika kwambiri ndipo zimachita mapiko akuya modekha. Ma kite a Lepidoptera nthawi zina amasaka nthawi yamadzulo komanso usiku. Amayamba kufunafuna nyama zawo mumdima, ndipo kusaka kumeneku kumapitilira mpaka mochedwa, makamaka pakakhala kuwala kwa mwezi kumene kuderali limaunikiridwa ndi mwezi. Pakadali pano, mbalame zodya nyama zimalowa m'malo akunja, komwe sizisaka nthawi yamasana.
Mkhalidwe Wotetezera wa Lepidoptera Smoky Kite
Malo okhala mphamba wa mawangamawanga amapitilira kilomita miliyoni miliyoni.
Mitunduyi ili pachiwopsezo chifukwa kuchuluka kwa anthu kumachepa kwambiri pakati pakuphulika ndi kuchepa kwa makoswe. Anthu okhala ndi mphamba wokhala ndi mapiko oteteza nthambi amadalira kupezeka kwa nyama yayikulu - khoswe wamatenda Rattus villossimus, yemwe amaberekana kwambiri pambuyo pa mvula yambiri. M'zaka zomwe makoswe ali mitundu yambiri, mbalame zodyeranso zimaswana mofulumira. Chilala chikangoyamba, makoswe amachepetsa kwambiri ndipo maiti amasiya malo awo okhala ndipo, pomaliza pake, mbalame zambiri zimafa. Nthawi yomweyo, kuchuluka kwa mapiko agulugufe okhala ndi mapiko agulugufe kumatha kutsikira kwa anthu 1000. M'zaka zabwino, anthu onse amitundu yosawerengeka ndi pafupifupi 5,000 - 10,000. IUCN ikuyesa kuti mphaka wa mapiko a ntchentche "ali pafupi kutha".
Njira Zosungira Makampani Omwe Amakhala Ndi Ntchentche
Njira zowonongera zikuphatikiza kuwunika anthu kuti aphunzire kusinthasintha kwa kuchuluka kwa anthu, kuchita kafukufuku wofufuza momwe ng'ombe zimadyera kuchuluka kwa makoswe, komanso kuteteza malo a mphamba yayikulu ya mapiko akuluakulu. Ndikofunikanso kuwongolera amphaka m'malo oswana kwambiri a kaiti wosowa.
