Buluu tit Ndi mbalame yaying'ono, yowoneka modzionetsera, yomwe ndi mitundu yamtundu waukulu. Anthu amamuyitananso "kalonga". Kukula kwake, mtundu wa buluu ndi wocheperako pang'ono poyerekeza ndi wachibale wake, koma m'mbali zina zonse ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi iye. Munthu wopanda chidziwitso cha ukadaulo mwina sangasiyanitse mbalame ziwirizi.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Blue Tit
Mutu wa buluu udafotokozedwa koyamba ndi Karl Linnaeus mu dongosolo lachilengedwe (kope la 10) mu 1758. Anapatsanso mtunduwo dzina loti Parus caeruleus, malinga ndi momwe mbalameyi imkawonedwera ngati subspecies ya tit tit. Kumayambiriro kwa 2000s, pamaziko a maphunziro amtundu wa American ornithologists, buluu wamtambo adagawika mumtundu wina.
Mtundu wamba wabuluu ndi wamtundu wonga Mpheta komanso banja la Titmouse. Banja ili lili ndi mitundu 46 yomwe imapezeka m'nkhalango za Europe, Asia ndi Africa. Mwakuwoneka, tit ya buluu imafanana kwambiri ndi mpheta, koma ndi mtundu wowala kwambiri. Kutalika kwa thupi la munthu wamkulu kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 13, ndipo kulemera kwake sikuposa 13 g.
Kanema: Blue Tit
Kusiyanitsa pakati pa tit yamtambo ndi obadwa nayo, mawere akulu, amangokhala ang'onoang'ono. Mtundu wa buluu uli ndi mimba ndi chifuwa chimodzimodzi zachikasu, korona, kumbuyo, mchira ndi mapiko a utoto wabuluu wokhala ndi ubweya wobiriwira. Palinso nthenga zoyera pamasaya, ndipo pamutu pa mbalameyo, chilengedwe cha amayi "chojambula" mtundu wamtundu wakuda, ndikufikira kumbuyo kwa mutu. Zingwe za buluu ndi zotuwa, zokhala ndi zikhadabo zolimba kwambiri.
Mbalamezi sizimakhala ndi kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa amuna ndi akazi, kupatula kuti zamphongo zimawoneka zowala pang'ono, makamaka nthawi yachilimwe, munyengo yokhwima. Mwa nyama zazing'ono, utoto umakhalanso wochepa pang'ono, kulibe chipewa cha buluu kumutu, kumtunda kwa mutu ndi masaya kumakhala kofiirira, ndipo mphumi ndi nape zili zachikasu. Pamwamba pa thupi pamapangidwa utoto wambiri, wokhala ndi utoto wakuda ndi wakuda wabuluu, koma osatchulidwanso. Pansi pa thupi pali chikasu kapena choyera.
Chosangalatsa: Mu ukapolo, buluu wa buluu amatha kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 15, koma mwachilengedwe amakhala ndi moyo wofupikitsa - mpaka zaka 5.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Kodi tit tit ya buluu imawoneka bwanji
Chofunikira kwambiri kusiyanitsa mtundu wabuluu ndi mbalame zina ndikumveka kowala kwa buluu wa nthenga zawo. Buluu wabuluu ndi mbalame yaying'ono kwambiri yokhala ndi milomo yayifupi ndi mchira, yofanana kwambiri ndi titmouse, koma yaying'ono kwambiri. Mtunduwo umasiyana ndi mitundu ina yamtundu wa buluu wonyezimira komanso wonyezimira wobiriwira. Kusiyananso kwina ndikuti kuwonjezera pa chigoba chakuda pamutu, mtundu wamtambowo uli ndi mzere wamtambo wakuda, wofanana ndi kolala, womwe umayenda mozungulira khosi.
Kupanda kutero, chilichonse chimafanana ndi mtundu wa amisala akulu - mphumi zoyera ndi masaya, mchira wowala wabuluu ndi mapiko, msana wobiriwira wa azitona, mimba yobiriwira, chikomo chakuda, miyendo yaying'ono imvi. Mitengo yama buluu ndiyosuntha komanso mbalame zamtendere, zimauluka mwachangu kwambiri, zonga mafunde, zimawombera mapiko awo nthawi zambiri. Amayandama nthawi zonse kuchokera ku nthambi kupita ku nthambi, amakonda kukhala kumapeto kwa nthambi zowonda, atapachikika mozondoka.
Chosangalatsa: Kulemera ndi kapangidwe ka thupi lonse la tit yamtambo kumamuthandiza kupachikika mozondoka osati pamitengo yopyapyala yokha, komanso pama mphete.
Blue tit amakonda kwambiri kutumizira mawu ndikuimba, ndipo amadziwika pankhaniyi ndi repertoire yolemera kwambiri. Nyimbo zawo ndizofunsa masilabhasi awiri ndi atatu, ma trill ataliatali, mwina okumbutsa phokoso la belu la siliva, likulira. Polumikizana, mbalamezo zimamveka mwachidule mofanana ndi "cit", ndikuzibwereza kangapo motsatizana mosiyanasiyana.
Tsopano mukudziwa momwe mbalame yamtundu wabuluu imawonekera. Tiyeni tiwone kumene amakhala.
Kodi tit tit ya buluu imakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Blue Tit ku Russia
Ku Europe, tit tit ya buluu imakhala pafupifupi mayiko onse kupatula Iceland, Scotland (kumpoto), Alps (mapiri), Balkan, zigawo zakumpoto kwa Russia ndi Peninsula ya Scandinavia.
Ku Norway, tit ya buluu imapezeka kumpoto mpaka pa 67, ku Finland ndi Sweden - mpaka 65th parallel, kumalire akumadzulo kwa Russia - mpaka awiri 62, ku Bashkiria - mpaka awiri 58. Kum'mawa, tit ya buluu imakhala mdera lamapiri la kumwera kwa Siberia, pafupifupi kukafika mumtsinje wa Irtysh. Kum'mwera, amapezeka ku Canaries, kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Africa, kumpoto kwa Syria, Iraq ndi Sudan.
Malo abwino okhala ndi buluu wamtchire ndi nkhalango yakale ya thundu, koma popeza idasankha bwino malo okhala ndi malo osiyanasiyana, mbalameyo idakwanitsa kusintha kuzikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimafunikira kukhalapo kwa mitengo yaziphuphu.
Ku Europe, mawere amtundu wa buluu amakonda kukhala m'nkhalango zosakanikirana kapena zosakanikirana, zokhala ndi mitengo yayikulu ya birch ndi thundu. Kuphatikiza apo, amatha kupezeka m'mbali komanso mkatikati mwa nkhalango, komanso m'mapaki, minda, kubzala, malamba a nkhalango komanso m'malo am'mapiri. Blue tit imachitanso bwino m'mizinda, ndikupanga anthu ambiri, osapewa konse anthu.
Kumpoto kwa Africa, tit ya buluu imapezeka m'nkhalango zowirira kwambiri, m'nkhalango zamkungudza ku Morocco ndi Libya, m'mapiri a Sahara. Ku Canary Islands, mbalameyi imapezeka m'mitengo yobiriwira ya kanjedza ndi zisa.
Kodi tit tit amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Titmouse blue tit
Zakudya zamtundu wabuluu wamba ndizosiyanasiyana, monga mbalame ina iliyonse. Nthawi yomweyo, pafupifupi 80% yazakudya zonse zimapangidwa ndi tizilombo, mphutsi ndi mazira, ndipo 20% yotsalayo ndi zipatso ndi zipatso zosiyanasiyana. M'nyengo yotentha, titit yabuluu imadyetsa tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, omwe amapezeka ambiri pamasamba ndi nthambi za tchire ndi mitengo.
Chosangalatsa: Ku UK, mawere a buluu amakonda kutsekemera kirimu molunjika kuchokera m'mabotolo amkaka okhala ndi zivindikiro zojambulazo. Chifukwa cha ichi, chikhalidwe chakale kwambiri cha Chingerezi cha omwa mkaka kusiya mkaka pansi pa zitseko za makasitomala wamba chasowa kwathunthu.
Menyu Yotentha ya Blue Tit:
- agulugufe usiku;
- akangaude;
- nsabwe;
- mbozi za njenjete;
- nyongolotsi;
- kachilomboka kakang'ono;
- ntchentche;
- agulugufe;
- udzudzu.
Pakudyetsa ana, tizilombo tomwe timadyedwa timawonjezeka kakhumi. Kudya tizirombo tambiri, mbalameyi imabweretsa madalitso ochuluka kumathandiza wamaluwa kusunga zipatso za mitengo ya zipatso.
Chosangalatsa: Amayi samachita nawo tizilombo mlengalenga, koma amangowafunafuna ndi nthambi, thunthu ndi masamba, pomwe sizimagwera pansi.
Menyu Yophukira Ya Blue Tit:
- zipatso zakuda zakuda;
- zipatso za viburnum;
- chipatso cha galu;
- mkungudza ndi mtedza wa beech;
- mbewu za mpendadzuwa;
- mbewu za poppy:
- zipatso za hazel.
Menyu yachisanu ya mawere siimasiyana konse ndi nthawi yophukira, koma popeza chakudya chimayamba kucheperachepera masika, mbalame zimayang'ana mwachangu tizilombo m'nyengo yozizira, zomwe zimabisalira makungwa. M'mizinda ndi madera ena m'nyengo yozizira, amuna amtundu wabuluu ali ndi menyu osiyanasiyana, chifukwa chakukhala ndi malo otayira zinyalala komanso zotsegula zinyalala, pomwe nthawi zonse pamakhala zopindulitsa, komanso chifukwa choti anthu amadyetsa mbalame.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Blue tit m'nkhalango
Kum'mwera ndi pakati penipeni pa malowa, ma buluu amakhala nthawi zambiri, ndipo zigawo zakumpoto nthawi yachisanu zimasamukira kumadzulo kapena kumwera. Nthawi zina mbalamezi zimasamuka mosiyanasiyana ndipo zimadalira nyengo ndi kupezeka kwa chakudya. Mbalame zazing'ono zimasamukira mosavuta kuposa zakale.
Nthawi yodzikongoletsera, mawere amtundu wa buluu nthawi zambiri amakhala awiriawiri, nthawi zina amagundana m'magulu ndi mitundu ina ya mawere, ma pikas ndi ma kinglets. M'ngululu ndi chilimwe, maanja amathawira kunkhalango ndi mitengo yakale, komwe mungapeze dzenje loyenera ndikupanga chisa mmenemo. Anthu okwatirana amadyetsa anapiye pamodzi, amawamasula ku chisa, kenako nkumaswa mpaka nyengo yotsatira.
Monga tanenera kale, mawere amakonda kukhala m'nkhalango zosakanikirana komanso zosakanikirana ndipo samawonekapo muma conifers, chifukwa chakudya chocheperako chimakhala chochepa. M'dzinja ndi nthawi yozizira, mbalame zimauluka kuchokera kumalo kupita kumalo, ndipo zimapezeka m'nkhalango zakale kapena zazing'ono komanso pansi pazitsamba. M'nyengo yophukira-yozizira, makamaka chisanu choopsa, mawere a buluu amalumikizana m'magulu akulu wamba ndi zina zazing'ono, ndipo limodzi mbalame zimayendayenda m'malo osiyanasiyana kufunafuna chakudya choyenera. Kuyanjana kotereku m'magulu osakanikirana ndikwanzeru kuchokera pakuwona kupulumuka kuzizira komanso chitetezo.
Chosangalatsa: M'nyengo yozizira, chakudya chikakhala chochepa, mawere abuluu amalanda kwenikweni odyetsa omwe amapachikidwa ndi okonda mbalame achifundo kuno ndi uko. Mwachitsanzo, tsiku limodzi lokha, mawere osachepera 200 amatha kuwuluka kupita kumalo odyetsera oimitsidwa m'munda.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Mbalame ya buluu
Amuna amtundu wamtambo amakopa chidwi cha akazi powonetsa luso lawo lakuuluka komanso kuyimba. Amawuluka mwadzidzidzi komanso mwachangu, kenako amagwa mwamphamvu, amavina modzikweza, osagwedezeka. Banja lomwe lidapangidwalo limayimba nyimbo yayitali komanso mosangalatsa.
Pachisa, mawere amtundu wa buluu amasankha maenje kapena zotchinga m'mitengo yakale yomwe ili pamwamba pamtunda. Amuna ndi akazi amatenga nawo gawo pomanga chisa. Ngati dzenje ndilopapatiza, mawere amabuluu amatha kukulitsa mothandizidwa ndi milomo yawo. M'madera, ma titi aphunzira kumanga zisa zawo m'miyala, ming'alu ya njerwa, ndi zikwangwani zanjira.
Chosangalatsa: Pobisalira tit buluu, mabowo nthawi zambiri amasankhidwa, omwe ma bowo mwake sapitilira 3.5 cm.
Ntchito yomanga zisa imayamba mu Epulo ndipo, kutengera nyengo, imatha kutenga milungu iwiri. Chisa nthawi zambiri chimawoneka ngati mbale yaying'ono, yomwe pansi pake imakutidwa ndi udzu, moss, pansi ndi ubweya. Mbalame zimasonkhanitsa zofunda zisa kudera lonselo.
Chosangalatsa: Zimakhala kuti mawere amtundu wabuluu, posaka zida zomangira chisa, amawuluka m'mawindo otseguka a nyumba ndikudula mapepala kapena kutulutsa zenera la putty ndi milomo yawo.
Amayi obiriwira achikulire nthawi zambiri amayika timagulu tiwiri munthawi imodzi, pomwe mbalame zazing'ono zimaikira mazira kamodzi kokha. Clutch yoyamba imagwa koyambirira kwa Meyi, yachiwiri kumapeto kwa Juni. Kuchuluka kwa mazira mu clutch kumatha kukhala kosiyana, kutengera zaka zazimayi komanso kumasiyana mazira 5 mpaka 12. Mazira a tit tit ndi oyera ndi timadontho ta bulauni. Mkazi nthawi zambiri amachita nawo makulitsidwe, ndipo yamwamuna amamudyetsa. Nthawi zina, yaikazi imatha kuchoka pachisa kwa kanthawi kochepa. Nthawi yolumikizira nthawi zambiri imakhala masiku 16.
Anapiye oswedwa kumene amakhala opanda chothandiza komanso owopsa. Mkazi amakhala pachisa, kuwotha, ndipo wamwamuna amadyetsa banja lonse. Mlendo wosayembekezereka atayandikira chisa mwadzidzidzi, mawere abuluu amateteza nyumba yawo mwachangu, ndikupanga mawu ngati njoka ya kulira kapena kulira kwa mavu. Patapita sabata, anapiyewo atayamba kulimba, yaikazi imayambanso kuwadyetsa. Pakatha masiku 21, anapiyewo amakhala okonzeka kusiya chisa ndi kudzisamalira okha.
Adani achilengedwe a buluu tit
Chithunzi: Kodi tit tit ya buluu imawoneka bwanji
Adani achilengedwe amtundu wamtambo amatha kukhala mbalame zazikuluzikulu: akadzidzi, akabawi, ndi ang'onoang'ono: nyenyezi, ma jays. Ngati akale amadzipangira okha, ndiye kuti amatha kuwononga zisa zawo, akudya anapiye kapena mazira.
Komanso, oimira ang'onoang'ono a banja la weasel amatha kukwera dzenje lamabuluu: ma weasel. Chifukwa chakukula kwake, nthumwi zazikulu za banjazi sizingakwere dzenje, koma zimakonda kusaka anapiye omwe angotuluka kumene mu chisa ndipo sanaphunzire kuuluka bwino. Komanso zisa za buluu zimawonongeka ndi mbewa zazikulu ndi agologolo, koma kokha ngati dzenje la dzenje ndilokwanira mokwanira.
Nyengo yoyipa imathanso kuonedwa ngati mdani wa mawere. Mwachitsanzo, ngati pakulera ana (Meyi, Julayi) kumagwa mvula nthawi zonse ndipo pafupifupi kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kumakhala kotsika kwambiri kwa nthawi yayitali, ndiye kuti mbozi, monga chakudya chachikulu cha anapiye, zimakhala zovuta kuzipeza, chifukwa sizimaswa kuchokera m'mazira, kudikirira kutentha. Kusowa kwa chakudya chamoyo kumatha kuopseza imfa ya ana onse.
Komanso, zisa za mbalame, tiziromboti - utitiri umapezeka nthawi zambiri. Anapiye atasiya chisa, titimu wamkulu wabuluu amatha kudzazidwa kwambiri. Pali nthata zambiri kuti izi ndizovuta kwambiri pakapangidwe ka clutch yachiwiri.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Blue Tit
Pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwa anthu abuluu m'malo onse ndiochulukirapo. Akatswiri odziwa za mbalame amasiyanitsa mitundu iwiri ya mbalamezi, zomwe zimagawidwa m'magulu awiri. Gulu loyamba limatchedwa caeruleus. Malo okhala ma subspecies awa ali ku Europe ndi Asia. Gulu lachiwiri, locheperako, limatchedwa teneriffae ndipo limaphatikizanso magawo aang'ono ochokera kuzilumba za Canary ndi North Africa.
Oyang'anira mbalame ena amakhulupirira kuti mawere omwe amapezeka kuzilumba za Canary ayenera kuzindikiridwa ngati mtundu wina, wa Cyanistes teneriffae. Chotsutsana chachikulu ndikosiyana kwamakhalidwe ndi mayimbidwe, komanso kuti mbalame zaku Eurasia sizimayankha konse pakulimbikitsa kwa mbalame za Canary. Komabe, subspecies C. c ndi vuto lalikulu kupatukana komaliza. ultramarinus, yomwe imakhala kumpoto kwa kontinenti ya Africa. Mitunduyi ili ndi mawonekedwe apakatikati pakati pa anthu aku Europe ndi Canary.
Kum'mawa kwa malire, komwe, limodzi ndi mtundu wamba wabuluu, mtundu wa buluu ndiofala kwambiri, milandu yosakanikirana pakati pa mitundu iyi yazindikirika, ndipo ngakhale zaka zana zapitazo, anthu osakanizidwa amawawona molakwika ndi akatswiri azinyama kuti ndi mtundu wodziyimira pawokha. Oyang'anira mbalame amawona mtundu wa buluu ngati mitundu yomwe imakonda kuwonjezeka, ndichifukwa chake imayambitsa nkhawa yayikulu ndipo safuna chilichonse chosunga.
Buluu tit - mbalame yothandiza, yomwe imathandiza kwambiri paulimi ndi nkhalango, kuwononga tizirombo (mbozi, nsabwe za m'masamba, ndi zina). Kuphatikiza apo, mosiyana ndi omwe akuyimira gulu la "Mpheta", mutuwo sukuchita nawo ziwombankhanga - sizimatulutsa zipatso, mpendadzuwa, ziphuphu za chimanga ndi makutu a mbewu zambewu.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 25.07.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 09/29/2019 pa 20:02
