Mantis Ndi imodzi mwazilombo zodabwitsa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Zina mwazinthu zamoyo wa cholengedwa chosazolowereka, zizolowezi zake, makamaka zizolowezi zokwatirana zotchuka, zitha kudabwitsa ambiri. Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa nthawi zambiri timapezeka m'nthano zakale komanso nthano zakale zamayiko ambiri. Anthu ena amati iwo amatha kuneneratu za kubwera kwa kasupe; ku China, mapemphero opemphererako amawerengedwa kuti ndiye muyezo wa umbombo ndi kuuma mtima.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Amayi Opemphera
Ma mantizing opempherera samangokhala mitundu, koma tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala ndi mitundu yambiri, omwe amakhala mpaka zikwi ziwiri. Onse ali ndi zizolowezi zofanana ndi mawonekedwe ofanana amthupi, amasiyana kokha mtundu, kukula ndi malo okhala. Ma mantise opempherera onse ndi tizilombo todya nyama, ankhanza kwambiri komanso ovuta kwambiri, omwe amayendetsa pang'onopang'ono nyama zawo, kusangalala ndi zochitika zonse.
Kanema: Kupemphera Mantis
Mantis adapeza dzina lawo pamaphunziro m'zaka za zana la 18. Katswiri wodziwika bwino wa zachilengedwe Karl Linay adatcha cholengedwa ichi "Mantis religiosa" kapena "wansembe wachipembedzo" chifukwa chazizolowezi za tizilombo tikubisalira, zomwe zinali zofanana ndi za munthu wopemphera. M'mayiko ena, kachilombo kachilendo kameneka kamakhala ndi mayina ocheperako chifukwa cha zizolowezi zawo, mwachitsanzo, ku Spain, mantis amadziwika kuti "kavalo wa satana".
Mantis wopempherera ndi kachilombo wakale ndipo pakadali kutsutsana pazasayansi pazomwe zidachokera. Ena amakhulupirira kuti mtundu uwu unachokera ku mphemvu wamba, ena amakhala ndi lingaliro losiyana, kuwapatsa njira yosiyana yosinthira.
Chosangalatsa: Imodzi mwamafashoni amasewera achi China achi wushu amatchedwa mantis yopemphera. Nthano yakale imanena kuti mlimi waku China adabwera ndi kalembedwe kameneka powonera nkhondo zosangalatsa za tizilombo todya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Momwe mantis yopemphera imawonekera
Pafupifupi mitundu yonse yopempherera imakhala ndi matupi apatali. Mutu wamakona atatu, wotsogola kwambiri amatha kuzungulira madigiri 360. Maso okhala ndi tizilombo omwe ali m'mbali mwa mutu, ali ndi mawonekedwe ovuta, m'munsi mwa ndevu pali maso ena atatu wamba. Zipangizo zam'kamwa ndi zamtundu wa gnawing. Antenna amatha kukhala ofanana kapena zisa, kutengera mtundu.
Prototum nthawi zambiri sikudumphira mutu wa tizilombo; pamimba palokha pamakhala magawo khumi. Gawo lomaliza la pamimba limathera m'magawo angapo, omwe ndi ziwalo za kununkhira. Kutsogolo kumakhala ndi zisonga zolimba zomwe zimathandiza kugwira wovulalayo. Pafupifupi zovala zonse zopempherera zimakhala ndi mapiko otsogola kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo, chifukwa chomwe tizilombo timatha kuwuluka. Mapiko ofupikirapo, owonda a awiriwo amateteza mapiko awiri achiwiri. Mapiko akumbuyo ndi otambalala, okhala ndi mamvekedwe ambiri, opindidwa mofananamo.
Mtundu wa kachilomboka ukhoza kukhala wosiyana: kuchokera ku bulauni yakuda mpaka kubiriwira kowala komanso pinki-lilac, wokhala ndi mawonekedwe ndi mawanga pamapiko. Pali anthu akulu kwambiri, omwe amafika mpaka 14-16 cm, palinso mitundu yaying'ono kwambiri mpaka 1 cm.
Malingaliro osangalatsa makamaka:
- Mantis wamba ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri. Kukula kwa thupi la tizilombo kumafika masentimita 6-7 ndipo kumakhala ndi utoto wobiriwira kapena wabulauni wokhala ndi chidutswa chakuda chakumaso kwa miyendo yakutsogolo mkati;
- Mitundu yaku China - imakhala yayikulu kwambiri mpaka masentimita 15, utoto wake ndi wofanana ndi wa mapempherowo wamba, amadziwika ndi moyo wakusiku;
- Mawu opemphera ndi maso aminga ndi chimphona chaku Africa chomwe chitha kudzisintha ngati nthambi zowuma;
- orchid - wokongola kwambiri mwa mitunduyo, adadziwika chifukwa chofanana ndi duwa lomwelo. Akazi amakula mpaka 8 mm, amuna amakhala theka kukula;
- Maluwa amwenye ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino - amasiyanitsidwa ndi utoto wowala wokhala ndi mawonekedwe pamapiko akutsogolo ngati mawonekedwe a diso. Amakhala ku Asia ndi India, ndi ochepa - 30-40 mm okha.
Kodi mantisi opemphera amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Amayi Opemphera ku Russia
Malo okhalira kupempherera amayi ndiwambiri ndipo amapezeka mmaiko ambiri ku Asia, South ndi Central Europe, Africa, South America. Pali anthu ambiri opempherera ku Spain, Portugal, China, India, Greece, Cyprus. Mitundu ina imakhala ku Belarus, Tatarstan, Germany, Azerbaijan, Russia. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tinayambitsidwa ku Australia ndi North America, komwe zimaberekanso.
M'madera otentha komanso otentha, mapemphero opempherera amakhala:
- m'nkhalango ndi chinyezi;
- m'zipululu zamiyala zotenthedwa ndi dzuwa lotentha.
Ku Ulaya, mapemphero opempherera amakhala ofala m'mapiri, madambo otakasuka. Izi ndi zolengedwa za thermophilic zomwe zimalekerera kutentha kotsika madigiri 20 molakwika kwambiri. Posachedwa, madera ena a Russia nthawi zina amakhala akuwombedwa ndi mapemphero opempherera, omwe amasamukira kumayiko ena kufunafuna chakudya.
Mapemphero opempherera samasintha malo awo. Atasankha mtengo umodzi kapena nthambi, amakhalabe pamtengo moyo wawo wonse, ngati pali chakudya chokwanira mozungulira. Tizilombo timayenda mwachangu munthawi yokhwima, pakakhala ngozi kapena pakalibe zinthu zofunika kusaka. Kupempherera kwama mantis kumachita bwino m'malo opumira. Kutentha kozungulira kwambiri kwa iwo ndi madigiri 25-30 ndi chinyezi cha osachepera 60%. Samamwa madzi, chifukwa amapeza zonse zofunika pa chakudya. Mwachilengedwe, mitundu ina yolusa komanso yamphamvu imatha kusunthira ing'onoing'ono, mpaka kumaliza chiwonongeko m'dera linalake.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: M'madera angapo aku South Asia, zovala zodyera zimadyedwa mwapadera ngati zida zankhondo yolimbana ndi udzudzu wa malungo ndi tizilombo tina tomwe timanyamula matenda opatsirana owopsa.
Tsopano mukudziwa kumene mantis amapemphera amakhala. Tiyeni tipeze zomwe tizilombo timadya.
Kodi opemphera mantis amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Mawu opemphera achikazi
Pokhala chilombo, opemphera amapatsa chakudya chamoyo chokha ndipo samatenga chilichonse chakufa. Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa ndi ovuta kwambiri ndipo amafunika kusaka nthawi zonse.
Chakudya chachikulu cha akulu ndi:
- tizilombo tina, monga udzudzu, ntchentche, kafadala ndi njuchi, ndipo kukula kwa wovulalayo kungapose kukula kwa chilombocho;
- Mitundu ikuluikulu imatha kulimbana ndi amphibiya apakati, mbalame zazing'ono ndi mbewa;
- Nthawi zambiri abale, kuphatikiza ana awo, amakhala chakudya.
Kudya pakati pa anthu opempherera kumakhala kofala, ndipo ndewu zosangalatsa pakati pa mapempherowo ndizofala.
Chosangalatsa: Zazikazi zazikuluzikulu komanso zamtopola nthawi zambiri zimadya anzawo pa nthawi yokwatirana. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chosowa kwambiri zomanga thupi, zomwe ndizofunikira pakukula kwa ana. Monga lamulo, kumayambiriro kwenikweni kwa kukwatira, mkazi amaluma pamutu wamwamuna, ndipo akamaliza ntchitoyi, amadya kwathunthu. Ngati mkaziyo alibe njala, ndiye kuti abambo amtsogolo amatha kupuma pantchito nthawi.
Zilombozi sizithamangitsa nyama yawo. Mothandizidwa ndi mtundu wawo, amadzibisa okha pakati pa timitengo kapena maluwa ndikudikirira kuti nyama yawo iwayandikire, akuthamangira pomwe abisalira ndi liwiro la mphezi. Zovala zopempherera zimagwira nyama yakutsogolo ndi mphambvu zamphamvu, ndiyeno, kuzifinya pakati pa ntchafu, zokhala ndi minga ndi mwendo wakumunsi, pang'onopang'ono zimadya nyama yamoyoyo. Kapangidwe kazipangizo zam'kamwa, nsagwada zamphamvu zimalola kung'amba zidutswa za mnofu wake.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Tizilombo tomwe timapempherera tizilombo
Ma mantise opempherera ndi omwe amadyera okha omwe samachoka komwe amakhala kapena kuchita izi padera: pofunafuna malo olemera, kuthawa mdani wamphamvu. Ngati amuna amatha, ngati kuli kofunikira, kuwuluka mtunda wautali wokwanira, ndiye kuti akazi, chifukwa chakukula kwawo, amachita monyinyirika kwambiri. Iwo samangosamalira ana awo, koma, m'malo mwake, amatha kudya nawo mosavuta. Atayika mazira, mkazi amaiwaliratu za iwo, ndikuwona mbadwo wachinyamata wokha ngati chakudya.
Tizilomboto timasiyanitsidwa ndi mphamvu yawo yothamanga, kuthamanga kwa mphezi, nkhanza, amatha kusaka ndi kudya anthu kukula kwawo kawiri. Akazi ndi aukali kwambiri. Sagonjetsedwa ndipo amaliza wovulalayo kwa nthawi yayitali komanso moyenera. Amasaka makamaka masana, ndipo usiku amakhala pansi pakati pa masamba. Mitundu ina, monga mantis achi China, imayenda usiku. Zovala zonse zopempherera ndizodziwika bwino zodzibisa, zimasinthidwa mosavuta ndi nthambi yowuma kapena duwa, yolumikizana ndi masamba.
Chosangalatsa: Pakati pa zaka za zana la 20, pulogalamu idapangidwa ku Soviet Union yogwiritsa ntchito mapemphereredwe muulimi ngati chitetezo kumatenda owopsa. Pambuyo pake, lingaliroli liyenera kusiyidwa, chifukwa, kuwonjezera pa tizirombo, mapemphero opempherera amawononga njuchi ndi tizilombo tina tothandiza pantchito zachuma.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Mawu opemphera achimuna
Ma mantis akupemphera amakhala miyezi iwiri mpaka chaka chimodzi, nthawi zambiri, anthu ena amapita pamzere chaka chimodzi ndi theka, koma m'malo opangidwa mwanzeru. Zinyama zazing'ono zimatha kuswana mkati mwa masabata angapo atabadwa. Miyoyo yawo, akazi amatenga nawo mbali pamasewera osakanikirana kawiri; nthawi zambiri amuna samapulumuka nthawi yoyamba kuswana, yomwe nthawi yayitali imayamba mu Ogasiti ndikutha mu Seputembala, ndipo nyengo yotentha imatha pafupifupi chaka chonse.
Amuna amakopa mkaziyo ndi kuvina kwake ndikutulutsa chinsinsi china chomata, mwa kununkhira komwe amazindikira mtundu wake momwemo ndipo sawukira. Njira yolumikizirana imatha kuyambira 6 mpaka 8 maola, chifukwa chake si abambo onse amtsogolo omwe ali ndi mwayi - opitilira theka la iwo amadyedwa ndi mnzawo wanjala. Mkazi amaikira mazira okwanira mazira 100 mpaka 300 nthawi imodzi pamphepete mwa masamba kapena pakhungwa la mitengo. Pakubisala, imatulutsa madzi apadera, omwe amawumitsa, ndikupanga koko kapena oodema kuteteza ana kuzinthu zakunja.
Gawo la dzira limatha kukhala milungu ingapo mpaka miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, kutengera kutentha kwa mpweya, pambuyo pake mphutsi zimatulukira m'kuwala, zomwe zimawoneka mosiyana kwambiri ndi makolo awo. Molt woyamba amapezeka nthawi yomweyo ataswa ndipo padzakhala osachepera anayi asanakwane abale awo achikulire. Mphutsi zimakula msanga, zitabereka zimayamba kudyetsa ntchentche ndi udzudzu.
Adani achilengedwe opembedzera mantises
Chithunzi: Momwe mantis yopemphera imawonekera
Mumikhalidwe yachilengedwe, mapemphero opempherera amakhala ndi adani ambiri:
- zitha kudyedwa ndi mbalame zambiri, makoswe, kuphatikizapo mileme, njoka;
- mwa izi kudya anzawo ndikofala, kudya ana awo, komanso ana a anthu ena.
Kumtchire, nthawi zina mumatha kuwona nkhondo zowoneka bwino pakati pa tizilombo tankhanza, chifukwa chomenyera mmodzi wa omenyerawa. Gawo lamikango lopempherera silimatha ndi mbalame, njoka ndi adani ena, koma kuchokera kwa abale awo omwe ali ndi njala yamuyaya.
Chosangalatsa: Ngati mdani yemwe amapyola kukula kwake amenya mapemphero a mantis, ndiye amatukula ndikutsegula mapiko ake apansi, omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe ngati diso lalikulu lowopsa. Pamodzi ndi izi, tizilombo timayamba kupukusa mapiko ake mwamphamvu ndikupanga phokoso lakuthwa, kuyesera kuwopseza mdani. Ngati malingaliro alephera, opempherera amatha kuwukira kapena kuyesa kuthawa.
Kuti adziteteze ndikudzibisa okha kwa adani awo, mapempherowo amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yawo yachilendo. Zimaphatikizana ndi zinthu zozungulira, mitundu ina ya tizilombo titha kusandulika maluwa, mwachitsanzo, maluwa opempherera orchid, kapena nthambi yaying'ono yamoyo, yomwe imatha kuperekedwa ndi tinyanga tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala mutu.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Amayi Opemphera
Mitundu ya mitundu ina ya tizilombo tachilendoyi ikucheperachepera, makamaka kwa mitundu yomwe imakhala kumpoto ndi pakati pa Europe. M'madera ofunda, kuchuluka kwa mantis kumakhala kokhazikika. Choopseza chachikulu kwa tizilomboti si adani awo achilengedwe, koma zochita za anthu, zomwe zimadula nkhalango, minda yomwe imakhala malo opempherera amalima. Pali nthawi zina pamene mtundu wina umasamutsa wina, mwachitsanzo, mantis yopemphera pamtengo, wokhala m'dera linalake, imachotsa mantis wamba, popeza imasiyanitsidwa ndi kususuka kwapadera, imakhala yamphamvu komanso yolusa kuposa achibale ake.
M'madera ozizira, tizilombo timaswana pang'onopang'ono ndipo mphutsi sizingabadwe kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, chifukwa chake kuchuluka kwawo kumachira kwakanthawi kotalikirapo. Ntchito yayikulu yosungabe anthu ndikusunga madera ndi minda yomwe sinakhudzidwe ndi makina azaulimi. Mapemphero opembedzera amatha kukhala othandiza paulimi, makamaka mitundu yocheperako.
Kwa anthu, mapemphero opempherera siowopsa ngakhale amawoneka owopsa nthawi zina komanso owopsa. Anthu ena akuluakulu makamaka, chifukwa cha nsagwada zawo zolimba, amatha kuwononga khungu, chifukwa chake amayenera kukhala kutali ndi ana. Tizilombo todabwitsa komanso todabwitsa ngati mantis, sasiya aliyense wosayanjanitsika. Ngakhale akatswiri ambiri asayansi akupitilizabe kutsutsana pazigawo zazikuluzikulu zakusintha kwake komanso makolo akale, ena, atasanthula mosamalitsa mapemphero opempherera, amawatcha kachilombo komwe kanachokera ku pulaneti lina, cholengedwa chomwe chimachokera kunja kwa dziko lapansi.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 26.07.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 09/29/2019 pa 21:17
