Macrurus - nsomba yodziwika kwa ambiri chifukwa cha kukoma kwake. Nthawi zambiri imatha kupezeka m'mashelufu am'masitolo osenda kapena mawonekedwe amitundu. Koma ndi ochepa omwe amadziwa momwe grenadier amawonekera komanso mawonekedwe ake.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Makrurus
Macrurus ndi nsomba yakuya kwambiri yochokera m'kalasi ya ray fin. Ili ndiye gulu lalikulu kwambiri - nsomba zambiri (pafupifupi 95%) zimapatsidwa ray. Nsombazi zimadziwikanso chifukwa chakuti ndizomwe zimagwidwa ndi nsomba, ndipo grenadier ndizomwezo. Nsomba zopangidwa ndi Ray ndizoyimira nsomba zakale kwambiri. Kupeza koyambirira kwa nsombazi kuli zaka zopitilira 40 miliyoni - inali nsomba yayikulu yowononga nthawi ya Silurian. Nsomba zambiri zimakonda madzi ozizira, okhala ku Russia, Sweden, Estonia.
Kanema: Makrurus
Nsomba zopangidwa ndi Ray zidalowedwa m'malo ndi nsomba zamathambo, koma pakusintha, nsomba zopangidwa ndi ray zateteza malo awo m'nyanja zapadziko lonse lapansi. Chifukwa cha mafupa a msana ndi mapangidwe opepuka azipsepse, apeza kuyendetsa bwino komanso kuthekera kopulumuka mozama kwambiri. Macrurus ndi imodzi mwazinsomba zakuya kwambiri za m'nyanja, zomwe zimasungabe kafukufuku wamaphunziro a ray-finned class, koma nthawi yomweyo amatha kukhala m'malo otentha komanso pamavuto. Macrurus imapezeka m'madzi ambiri, chifukwa chake imakhala ndi ma subspecies opitilira mazana atatu, osiyana ma morpholoji.
Mitundu yofala kwambiri:
- chingwe chaching'ono chamaso ndi grenadier yayikulu kwambiri, yomwe imangopezeka m'madzi ozizira;
- Antarctic - nsomba zazikulu, zovuta kuvuta chifukwa chokhala;
- Chisa-scaly - chosatchuka kwambiri pamalonda chifukwa chakumva kwake komanso nyama yaying'ono;
- South Atlantic - magulu omwe amapezeka kwambiri munsomba;
- pang'ono eyed - woimira yaying'ono grenadiers;
- berglax - ili ndi maso otupa kwambiri.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Momwe grenadier amawonekera
Macrurus ndi nsomba yayitali komanso yayitali yopangidwa ngati dontho. Ali ndi mutu waukulu komanso thupi logundira kumchira. Mchira wa mchira palokha kulibe: mchira wa grenadier umatchedwa njira yokometsera. Chifukwa cha momwe mchirawo ulili, nsombazo ndi za banja lalitali kwambiri. Mutu ndi waukulu kwambiri. Pamaso pake, maso akulu a grenadier amaonekera bwino, pomwe pali mizere yolimba ya diso. Grenadier yaphimbidwa ndi mamba okhwima, owopsa - chifukwa chake nsomba sizingagwire popanda magolovesi, chifukwa pali kuthekera kwakukulu kodzicheka.
Chosangalatsa: Pamashelufu am'mashopu, nsomba iyi imangowoneka yodulidwa, kapena zogulitsa zokha ndizogulitsidwa. Izi ndichifukwa chosawoneka bwino kwa grenadier ndimaso ake owopsa komanso mutu waukulu.
Grenadier ndi imvi kapena bulauni wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yotuwa. Pali zipsepse ziwiri zakuda kumbuyo kwa grenadier - chimodzi chachifupi ndi chokwera, china chotsika komanso chopingasa. Zipsepse za pectoral zimawoneka ngati kunyezimira kotalikirapo. Grenadier wamkazi wamkulu wa subspecies amatha kulemera mpaka makilogalamu sikisi. Kutalika kwa Atlantic grenadier kumachokera mita imodzi mpaka theka ndi theka, kutalika kwa mulingo wazimayi kuyambira 60 cm, ndi 3 kg, kulemera. Pakamwa pamadzaza ndi mano akuthwa m'mizere iwiri. Zoyipa zakugonana ndizochepa, nthawi zambiri zimawonetsedwa ngati kukula kwa grenadier.
Chosangalatsa: Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake ndi mchira utali woonda, m'masiku akale, grenadier amafanizidwa ndi makoswe ndipo amakhulupirira kuti amatenga matenda.
Oyimira ma grenadiers owoneka bwino kwambiri ndi chimphona cha grenadier. Ma subspecies onse a grenadier, kupatula owonera pang'ono, atha kukhala ndi gigantism yotere. M'litali angafikire mamita awiri, ndi kulemera kwake - oposa makilogalamu makumi atatu. Giant grenadiers, monga lamulo, ndi okalamba kwambiri omwe amapita ku kuya kwa mamita oposa 4,000.
Kodi grenadier amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Makrurus munyanja
Macrurus ndi nsomba yapansi yomwe imakhala makamaka m'nyanja za Atlantic ndi Pacific. Kuzama komwe kumachitika kumachokera pamakilomita awiri mpaka anayi, koma nthawi zina kumakhala kopitilira apo.
Nsomba zazikulu za grenadier zimayikidwa m'malo otsatirawa:
- Russia;
- Poland:
- Japan;
- Germany;
- Denmark;
- North Carolina;
- nthawi zina ku Bering Strait.
Pafupifupi mazana awiri amitundu ya grenadier amakhala munyanja ya Atlantic - ndi anthu ambiri. Amapezekanso m'nyanja ya Okhotsk, koma mitundu inayi yokha ndi yomwe imapezeka mmenemo, ndipo anthu acheperachepera chifukwa cha kusodza. Russia ndi amodzi mwa nsomba zazikulu kwambiri za grenadier.
Nthawi zambiri imagwidwa m'malo awa:
- Alexandra Bay;
- Kamchatka gombe;
- Shantar wamkulu.
Achinyamata a grenadier amakhala kumtunda kwa madzi, nthawi zambiri amatuluka. Nsomba zakale zimapita pansi, komwe amakhala moyo wawo wonse: nsomba zikuluzikulu, zimayandikira kwambiri pansi pake. Ma grenadiers achikulire ndi ofunika kwambiri ngati nsomba zamalonda, chifukwa chake nsomba zawo zimakhala zovuta ndi malo okhala pansi.
Chosangalatsa: Ma Grenadier amagwidwa pogwiritsa ntchito maukonde akulu ndi mabwato apadera omwe amathandizira kulemera kwakukulu kwa nsombazo.
Kodi grenadier amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Makrurus ku Russia
Macrurus ndi nsomba zolusa. Zakudya zake zazikulu zimaphatikizapo ma crustaceans ndi molluscs, komanso nsomba zazing'ono. Macrouse si nyama zolusa; amakonda kukhala pansi mobisalira, kudikirira kuti nyamayo isambirepo. Mtundu wobisala umathandizira grenadier mu izi, mothandizidwa nawo kuti uphatikize ndi pansi. Zomwe grenadier amadya zimadalira nyengo. M'nyengo yozizira, nsombazi zimakhala pansi, zimachepetsa kwambiri ndipo zimakonda kudya. Pakati pa nyengo yoswana, ma grenadier nawonso samadyedwa kawirikawiri, koma ikatha nthawi yokwanira amakhala onenepa ndipo amatha kusaka nyama mwachangu - kuthamangitsa nyama. Ma Macrouse samangogwidwa ndi maukonde okha, komanso ndi nyambo.
Cholinga chachikulu chomwe grenadier amaluma ndi:
- nkhanu zazing'ono;
- mphutsi zazikulu;
- nkhono;
- nyama ya nkhanu (ikhoza kuwonongeka pang'ono kuti imveke mwamphamvu);
- zikwangwani;
- nsomba echinoderm;
- sadini;
- cuttlefish ndi ma cephalopods ena.
Kumtchire, ma grenadiers awonedwa kuti amakonda squid, ophiur, amphipods, anchovies, ndi benthic polychaetes. Izi zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati nyambo, koma ma grenadiers achichepere okha ndi omwe amakonda kuzinyamula. Ndizovuta komanso zamagetsi kuti tigwire nyambo ya grenadier. Izi zimatenga nthawi yayitali komanso nyambo yambiri, popeza nsomba zina zimatha kuluma. Mtundu wofala kwambiri wosodza ma grenadier ndi maukonde akulu omwe amatha kufikira anthu achikulire.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Grenadier wa nsomba
Moyo wa ma grenadiers umasiyanasiyana kutengera komwe akukhala komanso msinkhu wa nsombazo. Ndi chizolowezi kusiyanitsa mitundu ingapo ya nsomba. Pansi - pakuya mamita opitilira 4 zikwi. Khalidweli ndilofala kwa akulu ndi akulu macrourids.
Mamita 500-700 ndiye akuya kwambiri komwe ma grenadier amapezeka. Ma network ambiri adapangidwira. Nyama zazing'ono ndi zazimayi zokha zimakhala pafupi ndi madzi. Kwenikweni, ma grenadiers achimuna okha ndi omwe amakonda kukhala pansi. Zazimayi ndi zazing'ono zimasungira m'madzi ndipo nthawi zambiri zimayandama pamwamba.
Macrurus ndi nsomba yochenjera, yomwe imakhala moyo wongokhala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuzigwira. Siziwoneka pomwe grenadier amabisala pansi, chifukwa imaphatikizana ndi mpumulo. Sasiyana mwamakhalidwe, pakawopsa kuti sangadziteteze, koma kuti athawe. Pakati pa nyengo yokwanira, amuna a ma grenadiers amatha kukhala achiwawa, kuphatikiza anthu.
Kuluma kwa grenadier sikupha, koma kumakhala kopweteka chifukwa cha mizere iwiri yamano akuthwa, ndipo nsagwada zake ndizolimba mokwanira kuti zilume kudzera mu chitin cholimba cha ma crustaceans ndi molluscs.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Makrurus pansi pamadzi
Ma Grenadiers amabala nsomba zomwe zimakula msinkhu wazaka zapakati pa 5 ndi 11 (kutengera subspecies za grenadier). Nthawi yomweyo, kukula kwa nsomba kumakhala kofunika - osachepera 65 cm, koma osaposa 100, popeza nsomba zazikulu zimawerengedwa kuti ndizakale kuti ziberekenso. Amuna ndi akazi amakhala mosiyana - akazi ali mgawo lamadzi, ndipo amuna amabisala pansi. Chifukwa chake, akazi amakhala moyo wokangalika, amasaka pafupipafupi ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala zinthu zosodza. Kubala kwa Grenadier kumatenga chaka chonse, koma kumafika pachimake masika. Njira yobisika ya nsombayi siyilola kuti tidziwe ngati ma grenadiers ali ndi masewera ndi miyambo.
Amuna awonedwa kuti amakwiya kwambiri nthawi yobereka. Amatha kulumirana ndikumenya nsomba zamtundu wina. Komanso, amuna amalephela kulemera kwambiri akamabereka, chifukwa amafunafuna akazi nthawi zonse. Mkazi amatchera mazira opitilira 400 zikwi, m'mimba mwake mumakhala pafupifupi mm ndi theka mm. Mkaziyo sawonetsa chidwi chilichonse pamazirawo, chifukwa chake mazira ambiri amadyedwa ndi nsomba zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza ma grenadiers omwe. Kudya anthu wamba si kwachilendo pakati pa mitundu iyi. Palibe chidziwitso chenicheni chokhudza kutalika kwa ma grenadiers, koma mitundu yambiri yamtunduwu imapitilira zaka zopitilira 15.
Kafukufuku wowonetsa akuwonetsa kutalika kwa ma grenadiers m'madzi otsatirawa:
- nsomba za Nyanja ya Okhotsk amakhala pafupifupi makumi awiri;
- ma grenadiers azilumba za Kuril amatha kukhala mpaka makumi anayi;
- Ma grenadiya omwe amakhala ndi moyo zaka zambiri mpaka pano ndi nsomba zochokera ku Nyanja ya Bering - amakhala zaka zopitilira 55.
Adani achilengedwe a grenadier
Chithunzi: Momwe grenadier amawonekera
Macrurus ndi nsomba zobisa komanso zazikulu kwambiri, choncho imakhala ndi adani ochepa. Chiwerengerochi chimayendetsedwa ndi kuwedza kosalekeza komanso nsomba zosawerengeka zomwe sizitsata grenadier.
Nthawi zambiri, grenadier amakhala nyama:
- mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsombazi zazing'ono. Izi zikuphatikiza nsomba ya Atlantic herring shark, sawmill, deep-sea goblin shark, cat shark;
- kunyezimira kwakukulu kwamiyala isanu ndi umodzi (yamutu woyera, yopanda minga), yomwe nthawi zambiri imapunthwa m'misasa yapansi ya ma grenadi;
- Bighead Atlantic, komanso kutsogolera moyo wapansi-pansi;
- mitundu yayikulu ya tuna, mitundu ina ya sturgeon;
- batizaurus okonda nkhondo nthawi zina amabwera muukonde limodzi ndi ma grenadiers, omwe akuwonetsa malo omwe amakhala komanso kuthekera kwa batizaurus kusaka ma grenadiers.
Macrurus ali ndi adani ochepa omwe angalemetse kwambiri anthu ake. Nsomba zambiri zomwe zimakhala pafupi ndi grenadier ndizotetezedwa kapena zimaika pangozi. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe amthupi, grenadier siyitha kukula msanga pothawa nyama zolusa: mchira wake wofooka ndi mutu wake waukulu zimaloleza kuchita bwino pobisala. Nthawi yomweyo, grenadier sagwiritsa ntchito nsagwada zolimba komanso mano okhwima podzitchinjiriza.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Makrurus
Macrurus ndi nsomba yofunika kwambiri yamalonda yomwe imagwidwa m'maiko ambiri padziko lapansi. Chifukwa cha moyo wake wakunyanja, malinga ndi asayansi, ndi imodzi mwa nsomba "zoyera kwambiri", chifukwa imakhala m'mbali yamadzi yopanda madzi. Masikelo akuthwa a grenadier amachotsedwa. Nyamayo imadulidwa mzidutswa kapena zimangodulidwa zazingwe zokha, zomwe zimagulitsidwa ndi mazira.
Nyama ya Grenadier ndi yoyera ndi pinki, wonyezimira. Kuphika ngati nsomba ina iliyonse yophika yoyera. Grenadier caviar imayamikiranso pamsika chifukwa imafanana ndi salmon caviar m'maonekedwe ndi kulawa, koma ili ndi gawo lotsika mtengo. Miphika ndi zakudya zamzitini zimakonzedwa kuchokera ku chiwindi cha grenadier - zimawoneka ngati chakudya chokoma.
Chosangalatsa: Macrurus alibe kakomedwe kansomba kansomba, ndichifukwa chake nyama yake imadziwika kuti ndi yokoma. Imafanana ndi nkhanu kapena shrimp mu kulawa komanso kusasinthasintha.
Ngakhale kusodza kwakukulu, grenadier sikuti watsala pang'ono kutha. Kupezeka kwa adani achilengedwe komanso malo obisika, akunyanja kumamuthandiza kuti azisamalira anthu wamba. Komabe, ndizovuta kutchula chiwerengero chenicheni cha anthu, chifukwa momwe amachitira ma grenadiers ndizovuta kuziwerenga.
Macrurus Ndi nsomba zodabwitsa. Chifukwa cha chikhalidwe chake komanso moyo wake, imakhalabe nsomba yodziwika bwino yomwe sikumasowa chifukwa cha kusodza padziko lonse lapansi. Koma moyo wawo umapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta pamaphunziro osiyanasiyana ndi asayansi ndi akatswiri azachilengedwe, chifukwa chake pali zambiri zazing'onozikulu za nsomba iyi.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 25.07.2019
Tsiku losintha: 09/29/2019 nthawi 20:54
