Nkhuni - mtundu wofala kwambiri womwe umakhala ku Africa. Nthawi zambiri amatchulidwa m'mabuku, titha kuwawona m'mafilimu ndi makatuni. Anyaniwa ndi aukali kwambiri, koma nthawi yomweyo amakhala bwino ndi anthu. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo okongola, anyani amatchedwa anyani "okhala ndi nkhope za agalu".
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Baboon
Abambo a mtundu wa anyani komanso banja la anyani. M'magulu akale, pali mitundu isanu yayikulu ya anyani, koma asayansi akutsutsana za kagawidwe ka mitundu yosiyanasiyana m'maguluwo.
Ngakhale ma subspecies otsatirawa amadziwika:
- nyani anubis. Nyani zazikulu zochokera ku Central Africa;
- alireza. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi ubweya wakuda, mane ndi kofiira kofiira;
- mbidzi. Mitundu ya anyani yophunzira pang'ono, yoyimira yaying'ono kwambiri yamitunduyo;
- nkhumba. Nyama zazing'ono zomwe zimatha kuswana ndi tiana tambiri ta anyani;
- chimbalangondo. Nyani wamkulu kwambiri wokhala ndi malaya ochepa ndipo amakhala ku South Africa.
Mamembala onse a banja la nyani ali ndi mawonekedwe omwe amatha kudziwika. Izi zikuphatikiza:
- otchedwa "mutu wa galu" - chopanikizana chopanikizika;
- kupezeka kwa mayini akulu;
- mchira wautali womwe sunagwiritsidwe ntchito konse kuti umvetsetse;
- kusuntha kokha pa miyendo inayi;
- pafupifupi mitundu yonse yatchulapo ma sciatic calluses.
Banja la anyani limasiyana ndi mabanja ena anyani ndiukali wake osati munthawi yokhwima yokha. Nthawi zina anyani am'banjali adazunza alendo, kuphwanya malo ogulitsira mumzinda, kuphwanya mawindo agalimoto. Malamulo a thupi lawo amawalola kuyenda mwachangu ndikupereka zibakera zolimba, ndipo anyaniwa amakhala osiyanasiyana kuyambira pakati mpaka pakati.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Nyani wakuda
Amuna ndi akazi amasiyana wina ndi mzake kukula kwake: amuna amakhala okulirapo, olimba kuposa akazi. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi minyewa yolimba komanso minofu yayikulu, komanso ma canine ataliatali, omwe akazi sangathe kudzitama nawo. Mwanjira zambiri, kusiyanasiyana kotereku kumachitika chifukwa cha moyo wawo, pomwe wamwamuna amatenga gawo lakuteteza azimayi.
Kanema: Baboon
Mtundu wa anyani ndiwosiyana kutengera subspecies ndi malo okhala. Zitha kukhala zakuda kapena zakuda, zakuda, zofiirira, beige, imvi zasiliva. Ndi mtundu wamwamuna, mutha kudziwa zaka zake, ndi mane - chikhalidwe. Atsogoleri achimuna (atha kukhala angapo ngati anthuwo ndi achichepere) ali ndi mamisili okonzedwa bwino, olimba, omwe amalumikizana mosamalitsa wina ndi mnzake.
Chosangalatsa: Mane ndi mtundu wa amuna akale ndi akuda kuposa a ana; maphunziro omwewo amawonekeranso mwa oimira ena a nyama zaku Africa - mikango.
Anyani amadziwikanso ndi mchira wawo: monga lamulo, ndi lalifupi kuposa anyani ena, chifukwa siligwira ntchito iliyonse yofunikira. Gawo loyamba lachitatu la mchira, lochokera kumbuyo, limapindika ndikukhomerera, pomwe linalo lonse limapachikidwa. Nyani sangasunthire mchira woterowo, siigwira.
Anyani amayenda ndi miyendo inayi, koma miyendo yawo yakutsogolo imakonzedwa mokwanira kuti igwire. Kutalika kwa anyani amtundu wina kumasiyanasiyana kutengera zazing'ono: kuyambira masentimita 40 mpaka 110. Nyani ya chimbalangondo imatha kufika 30 kg. - gorilla yekha ndiye wamkulu kwambiri mwa anyani onse.
Pakamwa pokhala ngati galu ndi chinthu china chosiyanitsa ndi anyani. Ili ndi mphuno yayitali, yopapatiza yokhala ndi maso otseka, mphuno yayitali yokhala ndi mphuno zowoneka mokweza. Anyani ali ndi nsagwada zamphamvu, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala otsutsana kwambiri pankhondoyi, ndipo malaya awo owuma amawateteza kumatenda ambiri oluma.
Nkhope ya buluyo siyophimbidwa ndi tsitsi kapena yocheperako pang'ono, yomwe imapezeka ndikakalamba. Mtundu wa tinki ukhoza kukhala wakuda, bulauni kapena pinki (pafupifupi beige). The ischial callus imakhala yowala, nthawi zambiri imakhala yakuda, yofiirira, kapena yofiira. Mwa akazi a subspecies ina, imafufuma nthawi yakumasirana ndipo imatenga utoto wonenepa wofiirira.
Kodi nyani amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi :: Nyani wamtundu wanyani
Anyani ndi anyani otentha kwambiri, koma malo okhalawo siofunika kwa iwo. Amapezeka m'malo otentha, m'zipululu, m'chipululu, m'chipululu, m'mapiri amiyala komanso m'malo amiyala. Omnivorousness amawapangitsa kukhala mtundu wamba.
Baboons amakhala kudera lonse la Africa, koma mitunduyi imagawidwa pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana:
- anyani anyani amapezeka ku Angola, South Africa, Kenya;
- anyani ndi anubis amakhala kumpoto ndi equator ku Africa;
- A Guinea amakhala ku Cameroon, Guinea ndi Sengal;
- hamadryas ali ku Sudan, Ethiopia, m'chigawo cha Aden ku Arabia Peninsula komanso kuzilumba za Somali.
Anyani sachita mantha ndi anthu, ndipo moyo wawo wokonda kucheza umawapangitsa kudzidalira. Chifukwa chake, gulu la anyani limakhazikika kunja kwa mizinda kapena m'midzi, komwe kumaba chakudya komanso kumenya anthu okhala mmenemo. Kukumba zinyalala ndi zinyalala, amakhala onyamula matenda owopsa.
Chosangalatsa: M'zaka zapitazi, anyani a ku Cape Peninsula analanda minda ndikupha ziweto za alendo.
Nthawi zambiri anyani amakhala pansi, pomwe amatenga nawo mbali - osakonda - kusaka. Chifukwa cha chikhalidwe chodziwika bwino, saopa nyama zolusa, zomwe zimafikira anyani aliwonse omwe ali pachiwopsezo padziko lapansi. Ngati anyani akufuna kugona, amakwera mumtengo wapafupi kapena paphiri lina lililonse, koma nthawi zonse pamakhala alonda anyani omwe ali okonzeka kuchenjeza anyani za ngozi yomwe ikuyembekezerayi.
Baboons samanga zisa ndipo samapanga malo okhala - amangodyera kudera lina ndikusamukira kumalo ena ngati chakudya chasowa, madzi atha kapena pali adani ambiri.
Nanga nyani amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Baboon ochokera ku Cameroon
Anyani ndi omnivorous, ngakhale amakonda zakudya zamasamba. Pofunafuna chakudya, munthu m'modzi amatha kuthana ndi makilomita 60, momwe amathandizidwa ndi mtundu wobisala.
Nyani nthawi zambiri amadya:
- zipatso;
- mizu yofewa ndi ma tubers a zomera;
- mbewu ndi udzu wobiriwira;
- nsomba, molluscs, crustaceans;
- dzombe, mphutsi zazikulu ndi tizilombo tina ta mapuloteni;
- mbalame zazing'ono;
- makoswe;
- nyama zing'onozing'ono, kuphatikizapo ungulates;
- nthawi zina, anyani amatha kudya zovunda ngati gulu lakhala ndi njala kwanthawi yayitali, ngakhale amakana kwambiri kutero.
Abulu - anyani samachita manyazi kapena amanyazi. Nthawi zina amatha kulimbana ndi nyama zatsopano - nyama za mikango kapena nkhandwe. Komanso, anyani, osinthidwa kukhala amoyo m'mizinda, amatha kuthamangira magalimoto ndi malo ogulitsira, komwe kumabedwa chakudya.
Chosangalatsa: M'nthawi yachilala, anyani amaphunzira kukumba pansi pa mitsinje youma, kutulutsa madontho a chinyezi kuti athetse ludzu lawo.
Nthawi zambiri anyani amafunafuna zinyalala, komwe amafunafuna chakudya. Ku South Africa, anyani agwidwa kuchokera ku aboriginal nkhosa, mbuzi ndi nkhuku. Anyani anazolowera kukhala achifwamba ndipo, atayesetsa bwino kubera chakudya kamodzi, kuzolowera ntchitoyi kwamuyaya. Koma anyani ndi nyama zolimba, zomwe zimawathandiza kukhala opanda chakudya kapena kumwa kwa nthawi yayitali.
Tsopano mukudziwa zomwe nyama ya njovu imadya. Tiyeni tiwone momwe akukhalira kuthengo.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Baboons
Anyani ndi nyama zaulesi zomwe zimakhala moyo wapadziko lapansi. Chifukwa chake, amafunikira njira yabwino yodzitetezera kwa adani, yomwe imaperekedwa ndi olamulira olimba. Pali zazikazi pafupifupi zisanu ndi chimodzi ndi kuwirikiza kawiri m'gulu la anyani. Mtsogoleri ndiye mtsogoleri - kawirikawiri nyani wamkulu. Iye amatsogolera mayendedwe a gululo pofunafuna chakudya, ndiye chitetezo chachikulu cha gululo, ndipo ndiye woyamba kumenyana ndi ziwombankhanga zomwe zikuukira.
Chosangalatsa: Nthawi zina anyamata awiri kapena atatu amabwera kudzagonjetsa mtsogoleri wamphamvu wamwamuna, yemwe pamodzi amalamulira paketiyo.
Amuna achichepere omwe ali pansi pa mtsogoleri amakhalanso ndi olamulira awo: pakati pawo pali apamwamba komanso otsika. Udindo wawo umawapatsa mwayi posankha chakudya, koma nthawi yomweyo, ndikachulukira, amuna ayenera kutenga nawo gawo poteteza gulu la nkhosazo.
Amuna ang'onoang'ono amayang'anitsitsa usana ndi usiku kuti aone ngati gulu la nkhosa lili pangozi iliyonse. Ma Baboons ali ndi zizindikilo zoposa makumi atatu zomwe zimadziwitsa zochitika zina, kuphatikizapo zoopsa. Ngati nyama yowopsa itapezeka, mtsogoleriyo amathamangira kwa iye, yemwe amagwiritsa ntchito nsagwada zazikulu ndi mano okhwima. Ngati mtsogoleriyo sangakwanitse, amuna ena atha kumuthandiza.
Amuna ang'onoang'ono amatenganso gawo podziteteza ngati gulu lankhosa la gulu. Ndiye pali ndewu, momwe nthawi zambiri kumakhala akufa - osati nthawi zonse kumbali ya anyani. Baboons amamenya mopanda chifundo, amachita zinthu mogwirizana, ndichifukwa chake adani ambiri amangodutsa.
Gawo lofunikira m'moyo wa anyani ndi kudzikongoletsa - kupesa tsitsi. Zikuwonetsanso momwe nyama ilili, chifukwa mtsogoleri wa paketi amayenda kwambiri "opukutidwa". Palinso maudindo okonzekeretsa pakati pa akazi, koma sizimakhudza momwe iwo alili ponseponse: akazi onse amatetezedwa chimodzimodzi ndi amuna.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Mwana wa Mfulu
Ndi mtsogoleri yekhayo amene angakwatirane mpaka kalekale, amuna ena onse, ambiri, alibe ufulu wokwatirana ndi akazi. Izi ndichifukwa choti mtsogoleriyo ali ndi mikhalidwe yabwino kwambiri yomwe imathandizira nyani kupulumuka - mphamvu, chipiriro, ndewu. Ndi mikhalidwe iyi yomwe iyenera kupitilizidwa kwa omwe angakhale ana.
Mwamuna wamkulu wazaka 9 amayamba azimayi ake azimayi. Amuna azaka 4-6 amatha kukhala ndi wamkazi m'modzi, kapena kukhala opanda iwo konse. Koma yamphongo ikaposa zaka 15, azimayi ake amapasuka pang'onopang'ono - akazi amapita kwa amuna achichepere.
Chosangalatsa: Maubale ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha siachilendo pakati pa anyani. Nthawi zina anyamata awiri amalanda mtsogoleri wakale ali pachibwenzi.
Nyemba sizikhala ndi nthawi yoswana - zazikazi ndizokonzekera kukwatira zikafika zaka zitatu. Anyani amamenyera zazikazi, koma nthawi zambiri anyamata achichepere amazindikira ufulu wosakaikira wokwatirana ndi mtsogoleri. Ali ndi udindo waukulu, popeza samasiya akazi ndi akazi ali ndi pakati ndi ana awo okha - amawapezera chakudya ndipo amalumikizana pafupipafupi ndi anawo. Amuna achichepere omwe apeza wamkazi m'modzi amakhalanso chimodzimodzi, koma amakhala ndiubwenzi wapamtima ndi iye.
Uberewu umatenga pafupifupi masiku 160, kagulu kena ka nkhono kakulemera pafupifupi magalamu 400. Amakakamira kwambiri pamimba pa mayi ake ndi zikhomo zawo, ndipo potero amayi amakhala atanyamula nawo. Mwana akamakula ndikusiya kuyamwa mkaka, amatha kutsatira mayi - izi zimachitika ali ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.
Chosangalatsa: Anyani ali ndi chikhalidwe chodziwika bwino pakati pa anyani a pygmy. Pakakhala mkangano mkati mwa gulu, nthawi zina timadzi taukali timasandulika ndikupanga mahomoni azakugonana, ndipo m'malo molimbana, anyaniwo amagonana.
Pakatha miyezi inayi, zaka zakusintha zimayamba - tsitsi la nyani limanyezimira, limakhala lokulirapo, limakhala ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wa subspecies. Zinyama zazing'ono ndizogwirizana pagulu, momwe nawonso olamulira awo amakhazikitsidwa. Ali ndi zaka 3-5, amuna amakonda kusiya gulu mwachangu momwe angathere, ndipo akazi achichepere amakonda kukhala ndi amayi awo, ndikukhala pagulu lankhosa.
Adani achilengedwe a anyani
Chithunzi: Crested baboon
Nyama zolusa zimakonda kudutsa matumba a anyani, koma zimatha kulimbana ndi yaikazi, ana, kapena anyani omwe amakhala okhaokha ali ndi zaka zisanu.
Baboons nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi adani awa:
- gulu la mikango;
- nyamazi;
- akambuku ndi adani akuluakulu a anyani, chifukwa amabisala mwaluso m'mitengo;
- afisi omwe ngakhale atsogoleri anyani amasamala nawo;
- mimbulu, mimbulu yofiira;
- ng'ona;
- nthawi zina anyani amapunthwa ndi mamba yakuda, yomwe imapha ndi poizoni podziteteza.
Zowononga sizimaopseza anyani, chifukwa amatha kulimbana ndi aliyense. Akuponyera adaniwo pagulu lalikulu, amatulutsa mfuu ndikumenya pansi ndi mawoko awo, ndikupanga chiopsezo pamantha. Akazi nthawi zambiri safuna kudziteteza popeza amayang'aniridwa ndi amuna.
Mwamuna wamkulu, monga ulamuliro, amatha kuthana ndi vuto lililonse palokha. Nthawi zambiri anyani amatha kuwoneka akumenya nkhondo ndi kambuku, komwe nyamayo imakonda kutayika - imachoka msanga pankhondo, nthawi zina imakhala ndi zilonda zoopsa kuchokera ku zilonda zakuthwa za nyani.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Anyani anyani
Ngakhale kuti anyani ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri, padakali chiwopsezo chakutha mtsogolo. Izi zimathandizidwa ndi kudula mitengo mwachangu komanso kukula kwa nkhalango ndi nkhalango, momwe anyani amakhala.
Kumbali ina, kupha nyama komanso kusintha kwanyengo zakhudza anthu olanda nyama monga mikango, akambuku ndi afisi, omwe ndi adani ena akulu a anyani. Izi zimathandiza kuti anyani achulukane komanso kuti achulukane mosalekeza, zomwe zimapangitsa zigawo zina za ku Africa kukhala ndi anthu ambiri amtunduwu wa anyani.
Kuchuluka kwa ziweto kumabweretsa chakuti anyani amakumana ndi anthu. Anyani ndi owopsa, aukali komanso amanyamula matenda ambiri, amawononganso minda ndi ziweto.
Baboons ndi chitsanzo chabwino kwa asayansi kuti afufuze, popeza ali ndi magawo ofanana ogona amagetsi kwa anthu. Komanso, anthu ndi anyani ali ndi njira yofananira yoberekera, zomwezo mahomoni ndi machitidwe a hematopoiesis.
Kusamalira kuyang'anira kwa anyani m'malo osungira nyama ndi njira yabwino yolamulira anthu. Ngakhale anali ankhanza, nkhumba - nyama yanzeru, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zofunikira kwambiri phunziroli.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 18.07.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 09/25/2019 pa 21:24
