Mbalame ya Marabou Ndi mbalame yokongola yochokera kubanja la dokowe. Mtundu uwu umaphatikiza mzere wama subspecies 20. Mwa onse oimira banja la adokowe, mbalame ya marabou ndiyo imaposa msinkhu wake. Mbalame zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osaiwalika ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zochuluka kumadera komwe kuli malo otayira zinyalala zazikulu. Ndiko komwe amayang'ana komwe angapezeko chakudya, ndipo khosi ndi mutu wopanda kanthu wopanda nthenga zimathandiza kuti thupi likhale loyera. Marabou adagawika m'magulu atatu amwenye, Africa, Javanese.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Marabou
Mbalameyi ndi ya nyama zovutitsa, gulu la mbalame, dokowe, ndi nthumwi ya banja la adokowe, mtundu wa marabou.
Leptoptilos robustus ndiye kholo lakufa la mbalame zamakono za marabou. Anakhala padziko lapansi ochuluka pafupifupi zaka 125-15,000 zapitazo. Ambiri mwa anthu anali pachilumba cha Florence. Oimira mtundu uwu anali mbalame zazikulu kwambiri. Asayansi adatha kupeza zotsalira za zimphona izi. Malinga ndi zitsanzo zomwe zidapezeka, zinali zotheka kutsimikizira kuti anali ndi kutalika kwa pafupifupi mita 2 ndi thupi lolemera makilogalamu 18-20. Chifukwa cha kukula kwakukulu kwa thupi, samadziwa kuwuluka.
Kanema: Marabou
Mitundu imeneyi ya mbalame imadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa mafupa akuluakulu. Kapangidwe kamafupa kameneka kamatha kupereka kuthekera kosunthira pamtunda wapadziko lapansi mosavuta popanda mapiko. Asayansi akuti chifukwa chakuti anthu ambiri amakhala m'malo ochepa pachilumba chimodzi, sangathe kuyanjana ndi mitundu ina.
Anali makolo awa akutali omwe adakhala makolo a oimira adokowe amakono.Akagawidwa m'malo osiyanasiyana, ndipo pakusintha ndikukhala moyo m'malo osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi, adagawika m'magulu osiyanasiyana. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, mbalameyi inayamba kusintha n'kuyamba kudya zinyalala, ndipo m'madera ambiri ankatchedwanso kuti odyera. Pachifukwa ichi, popanga mawonekedwe, nthenga m'mutu ndi m'khosi sizinathe.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Mbalame ya Marabou
Mbalameyi ya ku Africa imafika kutalika kwa mita imodzi ndi theka. Kulemera kwa munthu wamkulu ndi makilogalamu 8.5-10. Zoyipa zakugonana sizitchulidwa kwambiri; kunja, azimayi ndi achimuna samasiyana pachilichonse, kupatula kukula. Amuna amakula pang'ono kuposa akazi.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti. Chodziwikiratu cha oimira adokowe ndikuti satambasula khosi lawo pothawa, koma, m'malo mwake, amakokera mkati.
Chinthu china chosiyanitsa mbalame ndi kusowa kwa nthenga kumutu ndi m'khosi. Amangokhala ndi nthenga zosawerengeka komanso pansi m'derali. M'dera la lamba wamapewa, m'malo mwake, nthenga zimapangidwa bwino. Mbalame zili ndi mlomo wautali komanso wamphamvu. Kutalika kwake kumadutsa masentimita 30.
Pali mtundu wamatumba m'khosi. Mapangidwe amtunduwu amalumikizana ndi mphuno. Ndizachilendo kwa iye kuti atupuke, ndipo mkhalidwe uwu amatha kufikira masentimita 40. Mwa achinyamata, sichipezeka, ndipo kukula kwake kumachitika pakukula kwa mbalameyo. M'mbuyomu, ofufuza anali kukhulupirira kuti mbalame zimakonda kusunga chakudya m'malo osungidwa. Komabe, mtundu uwu sunatsimikizidwe. Mphukira imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha kuti mbalameyi ikaike mutu wake pamtunda, kapena pamasewera olimbirana.
Mbalame ya Marabou imasiyanitsidwa ndi masomphenya abwino kwambiri, omwe amadziwika ndi onse opha nyama. Madera opanda nthenga m'khosi ndi kumutu ndi ofiira kapena a lalanje. Thupi limapangidwa ndi mitundu iwiri. Mbali yakumunsi ndiyoyera kapena yamkaka. Pamwamba pake papangidwa wakuda. Mbalameyi ili ndi mapiko amphamvu kwambiri. Kutalika kwa mapiko a anthu ena kumafika mamita atatu. Mbalamezi, monga ena oimira dokowe, zimakhala ndi miyendo yaitali, yopyapyala.
Kodi mbalameyi imakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: African Marabou
Mbalame zamtunduwu zimapezeka mdziko la Africa. Gawo lalikulu lachigawochi limapezeka pang'ono kumwera kwa chipululu cha Sahara, komanso pakati ndi kumwera kwa kontrakitala. Amakonda madera, madambo, mathithi, komanso zigwa zikuluzikulu monga malo okhala. Oimira adokowe amayesetsa kupewa nkhalango ndi madera amchipululu. Amakonda kukhazikika m'magulu akulu kunja kwa madera akuluakulu, komwe kuli malo ambiri otayirapo zinyalala okhala ndi zinyalala zambiri. Mbalamezi sizimawopa anthu.
M'malo mwake, amayesetsa kuyandikira pafupi ndi malo okhala, chifukwa pakadali pano adzapatsidwa chakudya. Madera a mbalamezi ndi zokulirapo.
Malo okhala mbalame:
- Cambodia;
- Assam;
- Thailand;
- Myanmar;
- Sudan;
- Ethiopia;
- Nigeria;
- Mali;
- Cambodia;
- Burma;
- China;
- Chilumba cha Java;
- India.
Oimira adokowe ngati malo otseguka, pomwe chinyezi chimakhala chokwera. Amapezeka nthawi zambiri pafupi ndi mabungwe opanga nyama ndi nsomba. Chofunikira posankha malo okhala ndi kupezeka kwa posungira. Ngati pali chakudya chokwanira m'mbali mwa nyanja, mbalame zimatha kusaka ndi kusaka nyama. Nthawi zambiri, mbalame zimapita kumadzi owuma, komwe kumakhala nsomba zambiri.
Mbalamezi zimakhala m'malo okhala mbalame zabwino komanso zimakhala ndi chakudya chokwanira, mbalamezi zimakhala zokhazikika. Nthawi yodzikira ikatha, mbalame zambiri zimasamukira kufupi ndi equator, kenako zimabwerera.
Tsopano mukudziwa kumene mbalameyi imakhala. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe amadya.
Kodi marabou amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Marabou stork
Chakudya chachikulu cha mbalame ndi zovunda, kapena zinyalala zochokera kumalo otayidwa pansi pafupi ndi midzi. Mlomo wamphamvu komanso wautali kwambiri umasinthidwa bwino kuti ulekanitse mnofu wake.
Chosangalatsa: Pamodzi ndi chikhalidwe chokayikitsa cha chakudya, marabou ndi imodzi mwa mbalame zoyera kwambiri. Sadzadya chakudya chodetsedwa ndi chilichonse. Mbalamezi zimatsuka musanazigwiritse ntchito, kenako zimadya.
Ngati palibe chakudya chokwanira pakati pazinyalala, amatha kusaka nyama zazing'ono zingapo, zomwe amatha kuzimeza. Mbalame zimatha kusaka nyama popha ndi mlomo wawo wamphamvu komanso wautali.
Zomwe zimakhala ngati chakudya cha marabou:
- nsomba;
- achule;
- tizilombo;
- zokwawa;
- mitundu ina ya zokwawa;
- mazira a mbalame zina.
Mothandizidwa ndi chida champhamvu ngati mlomo wa masentimita 30, mbalameyi imatha kupha ngakhale nthumwi za zomera ndi zinyama zokhala ndi khungu lakuda. Ndi mlomo wotere kulinso kosavuta kuboola khungu lamphamvu la nyama zakufa ndikuchepetsa mnofu kuchokera m'mafupa.
Pofunafuna chakudya, mbalamezi zimakwera m'mwamba kwambiri, ndipo zimauluka movutikira, kufunafuna nyama yabwino. Mbalame zimakonda kusonkhana m'magulu akuluakulu m'malo omwe mumakhala nyama zambirimbiri zodyeramo ziweto.
Mbalame zimakonda kuwedza m'madzi osaya. Kuti agwire nsomba, amangolowa m'madzi mwakuya, ndikutsitsa mlomo wawo m'madzi ndikudikirira. Akangomva kulanda nyama, mlomowo umangotseka pomwepo, ndipo nyamayo imamezedwa.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Mbalame ya Marabou
Marabou ndi mbalame yamasana. Kuyambira m'mawa kwambiri, imakwera pamwamba pa chisa ndipo imanyamuka mwaulendowu kukafuna chakudya kapena nyama yoyenera. Si zachilendo kwa mbalame kukhala moyo wawo wonse. Amakhala awiriawiri, ndipo amatha kusonkhananso m'magulu akuluakulu. Amathanso kusaka m'magulu kapena amodzi. Nthawi zambiri amasaka kapena kufunafuna chakudya ndi mimbulu. Ngakhale mbalame zikasaka zokha, zitasaka, zimasonkhananso m'magulu akulu.
Sizachilendo konse kuti mbalame zimawopa anthu. Posachedwa, m'malo mwake, pakhala chizolowezi chomwaza mbalame pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu. Kumeneku amapeza malo otayira zinyalala akulu pomwe kumakhala chakudya chawo nthawi zonse. Mbalameyi imadziwika kuti ndi virtuoso weniweni wokhoza kuwongolera mayendedwe osiyanasiyana amlengalenga. Chifukwa cha kuthekera uku, mbalame zimatha kukwera mpaka mamitala opitilira 4000.
Oimira adokowe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa wothandizira. Izi ndichifukwa choti amakonda kutota nthawi zonse pamiyendo yayitali, yopyapyala. Asayansi amakhulupirira kuti mwanjira imeneyi amalamulira kutentha kwa thupi lawo. Kutalika kwa moyo wa mbalame kunyumba ndi zaka 19-25.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Wolemba mbiri yamitengo ya moyo amaonedwa kuti ndi munthu yemwe adalipo kumalo osungira nyama ku Leningrad. Mbalameyi idanyamulidwa kupita ku nazale mu 1953 ndipo idakhala zaka 37.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Marabou storks
Nyengo ya kukwatira ya Marabou imangokhala m'nyengo yamvula. Mbewu za mbalame zimawonekera ndi kuyamba kwa chilala. Mwachilengedwe, amakonzedwa kotero kuti munthawi ya chilala, nyama zambiri zimafa chifukwa chosowa madzi ndipo nthawi yamadyerero oyambira imayamba ndi marabou. Pakadali pano, sizikhala zovuta kuti apereke chakudya kwa ana awo.
Pakati pa nyengo yoswana, mbalame zimamanga zisa zazikulu, zomwe nthawi zina zimafika mita imodzi ndi theka, komanso kutalika kwa masentimita 20 mpaka 40. Mbalame zimayesetsa kumanga zisa zawo m'mitengo. Nthawi zambiri, ma peyala angapo amatha kukhala pamtengo umodzi, kuchuluka kwawo kumatha kufikira khumi. Ndizodabwitsa kuti nthawi zambiri mbalame zimakhala zisa zomwe zidapangidwa kale, zimangosintha pang'ono ndikuziyeretsa.
Chosangalatsa: Asayansi adalemba zochitika pomwe mibadwo ingapo ya mbalame pazaka makumi asanu idakhazikika pachisa chimodzi.
Mu mbalame, masewera olimbirana amakhala osangalatsa kwambiri. Mkazi ndi amene amakopa chidwi champhongo. Amuna ndi akazi amasankha akazi omwe amawakonda kwambiri, ndikukana ena onse. Banja likangopangidwa, amamanga chisa ndipo amatetezera mwa njira iliyonse kuti asabwere. Poopseza alendo osafunikira, marabou amapanga mamvekedwe ena, omwe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa nyimbo. Komabe, sangatchulidwe kuti ndi osangalatsa komanso osangalatsa.
Kenako zazikazi zimaikira mazira m'chisa chawo ndi kuzisakaniza. Pakatha pafupifupi mwezi umodzi, anapiye awiri amaswa pawiri. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti amuna amatenga nawo gawo polera ana awo. Amathandiza zazikazi kuswa mazira, kudyetsa anapiye aswedwa ndi kuteteza chisa chawo. Iwo, pamodzi ndi akazi, amasamalira anapiye mpaka atadziyimira pawokha.
Anapiye aswedwa amakula muchisa kwa miyezi pafupifupi 3.5-4, mpaka thupi lawo lonse lakutidwa ndi nthenga. Kenako amayamba kuphunzira kuuluka. Akafika chaka chimodzi, anapiyewo amakhala odziyimira pawokha ndipo ali okonzeka kuswana ana awo.
Adani achilengedwe a mbalameyi
Chithunzi: Marabou m'chilengedwe
Mwachilengedwe, mbalame sizikhala ndi adani. Kuopsa kumangowopseza anapiye, omwe pazifukwa zina adasiyidwa okha pachisa osasamaliridwa. Pankhaniyi, iwo akhoza kukhala nyama ya adani ena aakulu nthenga Mwachitsanzo, ziwombankhanga. Komabe, izi zimachitika kawirikawiri, chifukwa mbalameyi imakhala ndi chibadwa cha makolo kwambiri.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, anthu amaonedwa kuti ndi mdani wamkulu wa mbalame. Anawononga malo okhala mbalame, motero kuwachotsera malo okhala.
Kuphatikiza apo, m'maiko ambiri aku Africa, marabou amadziwika kuti ndi mthenga wolephera, tsoka komanso matenda. Anthu amamuwona ngati nthumwi yosasangalatsa komanso yoopsa ya zomera ndi zinyama. Pogwirizana izi, amayesetsa momwe angathere kuti achepetse malo abwino oti mbalame zizikhala pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu. Komabe, anthu samalingalira kuti mbalame ndizopindulitsa kwambiri. Amatsuka nyama zakufa komanso zodwala. Izi zimapewa kufalikira kwa matenda opatsirana ambiri owopsa. Marabou amawerengedwa kuti ndiwachilengedwe malinga ndi chifukwa.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Marabou
Chiwerengero chochepa kwambiri cha mbalame za ku India masiku ano. Malinga ndi asayansi ndi ofufuza, kuchuluka kwa anthu amtunduwu ndiopitilira chikwi chimodzi. Izi ndichifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe cha mbalame. Madambo akuthyoka, madera ambiri akudziwikanso ndi anthu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chakudya chisowa.
Masiku ano mitundu ya mbalameyi imagawidwa m'magulu atatu, iliyonse mwa iwo, malinga ndi kuyerekezera kovuta, ili ndi theka ndi theka mpaka anthu 3-4 zikwi. M'zaka zaposachedwa, panali nyengo yakuchepa kwakukulu kwa mbalamezi chifukwa chakukhetsa mathithi ndi malo ambiri osungira, zomwe ndizofunikira kuti pakhale dongosolo lamankhwala. Mpaka pano, momwe zinthu ziliri ndi kuchuluka kwa mbalame zakhazikika, ndipo sawopsezedwa kuti atha. M'madera ena, muli ziweto zambiri. Chiwerengero chawo chikukula chaka ndi chaka chifukwa chakuti atakwanitsa chaka chimodzi, mbalame zimatha kubereka.
Marabou samawoneka bwino kwambiri. Komabe, gawo lawo m'chilengedwe silingafanane kwambiri. Amapulumutsa umunthu ku matenda opatsirana owopsa komanso kufalikira kwa matenda osiyanasiyana.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 15.07.2019
Idasinthidwa: 25.09.2019 pa 20:17
