Nyama yakutchire ya shark ndi imodzi mwazinthu zachilendo kwambiri zam'madzi. Imayima bwino motsutsana ndi nzika zina zakunyanja momwe zimakhalira mutu wake. Pamawonekedwe, zikuwoneka kuti nsombayi ili ndi vuto lalikulu ikamayenda.
Nsombazi zimawerengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa nsomba zoopsa komanso zamphamvu kwambiri. M'mbiri yakukhalapo, asayansi amatchulanso milandu yakuukiranso anthu. Malinga ndi chiwerengerocho, ili pamalo achitatu olemekezeka pamiyala yopanda chifundo yopha anzawo mwazi, yachiwiri yokha ndi shark yoyera ndi kambuku.
Kuphatikiza pa mawonekedwe ake achilendo, nsombazo zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kuthamanga kwambiri, kupezeka kwa mayendedwe othamanga ndi kukula kwakukulu. Makamaka anthu akuluakulu amatha kufikira mamita 6 kutalika.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Hammerhead Shark
Hammerhead shark ndi gulu la nsomba zamatenda, mtundu wofanana ndi karharin, banja la hammerhead shark, amadziwika kukhala mtundu wa hammerhead shark, mtunduwo ndi chimphona chachikulu chotchedwa hammerhead shark. Nsomba za Hammerhead, nawonso, zidagawika m'magulu ena 9.
Pakadali pano, palibe chidziwitso chodalirika chokhudza nthawi yeniyeni yobadwa kwa oimira zomera ndi zinyama. Malinga ndi zotsatira za kafukufukuyu, akatswiri a zoo afika pozindikira kuti mwina makolo azinyama zamasiku ano zonga nyundo zidalipo kale m'nyanja zaka 20-26 miliyoni zapitazo. Amakhulupirira kuti nsombazi zimachokera kwa oimira banja la sphyrnidae.
Kanema: Hammerhead Shark
Zoyambazi zili ndi mawonekedwe owopsa komanso mawonekedwe amutu. Ndiwophwatalala, watambasulidwa m'mbali ndipo ukuwoneka kuti wagawika magawo awiri. Ndi mbali iyi yomwe imawunikira makamaka moyo ndi zakudya zomwe zimadya nyama zam'madzi.
Mpaka pano, asayansi sanagwirizane za mapangidwe amtunduwu. Ena amakhulupirira kuti mawonekedwewa adadza chifukwa chosintha mamiliyoni ambirimbiri, ena amakhulupirira kuti kusintha kwa majini kunathandizira.
Pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zakale zomwe zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzanso njira zodyera nyundo ndizochepa. Izi ndichifukwa choti maziko a thupi la nsombazi - mafupa, samakhala ndi mafupa, koma minofu yamatenda, yomwe imawola msanga popanda kusiya zina.
Kwa zaka mamiliyoni ambiri, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake odabwitsa, anyani a nyundo aphunzira kugwiritsa ntchito zolandilira zapadera posaka, osati ziwalo za masomphenya. Amalola nsomba kuti ziwone ndikupeza nyama yawo ngakhale mumchenga wakuda.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Nyama yoopsa ya shark
Maonekedwe a oimira awa a zinyama ndi nyama zakutchire ndi achilendo kwambiri komanso oopsa. Ndizovuta kuzisokoneza ndi mtundu wina uliwonse. Ali ndi mutu wopangidwa modabwitsa, womwe, chifukwa chakukula kwa mafupa, umatambasulidwa ndikutalikirako mbali. Ziwalo za masomphenya zili mbali zonse zakutundaku. Iris wamaso ndi wachikaso chagolide. Komabe, siwo malo ofotokozera akulu komanso othandizira pakufunafuna nyama.
Khungu la chotchedwa nyundo chimakutidwa ndi zotsekemera zapadera zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wopeza chizindikiro chochepa kuchokera kwa cholengedwa chamoyo. Ndiyamika zolandilira amenewa, nsombazi anatha mwaluso luso la kusaka, kotero wovulalayo alibe mwayi wa chipulumutso.
Maso a nsomba amatetezedwa ndi khungu lonyezimira komanso zikope. Maso ake amakhala moyang'anizana, zomwe zimalola kuti nsombazi zizioneka pafupifupi dera lonse lowazungulira. Udindo wamasowu umakupatsani mwayi wopeza madigiri 360.
Osati kale kwambiri, panali malingaliro akuti mawonekedwe amutu awa ndi omwe amathandiza nsombazo kuti zizikhala zolimba komanso kuti zizithamanga kwambiri zikamayenda m'madzi. Komabe, lero chiphunzitsochi chatha kwathunthu, popeza chilibe umboni.
Asayansi atsimikizira kuti kusamala kumakhala kosasunthika chifukwa chakapangidwe kachilendo ka msana. Chikhalidwe cha osaka mwazi ndi kapangidwe ndi malo amano. Amakhala amakona atatu, olunjika kumakona amlomo, ndipo ali ndi magawo owoneka.
Thupi la nsombayo ndi losalala, lokhathamira, loboola pakati ndi minofu yolimba, yolimba. Pamwambapa, thupi la nsombazi ndi lamtambo wakuda, pansi pake limayang'aniridwa ndi mtundu woyera. Chifukwa cha mtundu uwu, amaphatikizana ndi nyanja.
Zinyama zamtunduwu zimadziwika kuti zimphona. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi mamita 4-5. Komabe, mmadera ena pali anthu omwe amafika kutalika kwa 8-9 mita.
Kodi hammerhead shark amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Hammerhead shark nsomba
Mitunduyi ilibe malo okhala ochepa. Amakonda kusamukira kudera lina kupita kumadera ena, kuyenda maulendo ataliatali. Amakonda kwambiri madera omwe kumakhala kotentha, kotentha komanso kotentha.
Mitundu yayikulu kwambiri yamtunduwu ya nyama zam'madzi imapezeka pafupi ndi zilumba za Hawaii. Ichi ndichifukwa chake pafupifupi ndi Hawaiian Research Institute okha omwe amachita nawo kafukufuku wamakhalidwe amoyo ndi chisinthiko. Nsombazi zimakhala m'madzi a Atlantic, Pacific ndi Indian.
Madera anyamakazi:
- kuchokera ku Uruguay kupita ku North Carolina;
- kuchokera ku Peru kupita ku California;
- Senegal;
- gombe la Morocco;
- Australia;
- French polynesia;
- Zilumba za Ryukyu;
- Gambia;
- Guinea;
- Mauritania;
- Kumadzulo kwa Sahara;
- Sierra Lyone.
Nsomba za Hammerhead zimapezeka munyanja ya Mediterranean ndi Caribbean, ku Gulf of Mexico. Zowononga zokonda magazi zimakonda kusonkhana pafupi ndi miyala yamchere yamchere, mafunde am'nyanja, miyala yamiyala yamiyala, ndi zina zambiri. Amamva bwino pafupifupi kuzama kulikonse, m'madzi osaya komanso m'nyanja yayikulu kwambiri kuposa 70-80 metres. Kusonkhana pagulu, amatha kufikira gombe momwe angathere, kapena kupita kunyanja. Nsomba zamtunduwu zimakonda kusamuka - nthawi yotentha, zimasamukira kumadera akutali.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe hammerhead shark imapezeka. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe nsomba iyi idya.
Kodi hammerhead shark amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Great hammerhead shark
Nyama yotchedwa hammerhead shark ndi nyama yolusa yolusa mwaluso kwambiri ndipo palibe wofanana nayo. Wovutitsidwayo amene wamusankha alibe mwayi wopulumutsidwa. Pali ngakhale milandu kuzunzidwa pa munthu. Komabe, munthu amakhala pachiwopsezo ngati iyenso ayambitsa chilombo.
Mano a Shark ndi ochepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kusaka nyama zazikulu zam'madzi. Chakudya cha nsomba za hammerhead ndichosiyanasiyana. Zakudya zazing'ono zam'madzi ndizo zambiri mwa zakudya.
Zomwe zimakhala ngati chakudya:
- nkhanu;
- lobusitara;
- sikwidi;
- nyamazi;
- nsombazi zomwe ndizochepa mphamvu ndi kukula: mdima wonyezimira, imvi, ma mustelids;
- ma stingray (ndiwo chakudya chokoma kwambiri);
- nsomba zopanda mamba;
- zisindikizo;
- miyala;
- nsomba;
- fulonda;
- nsomba zazingwe, nsomba za hedgehog, ndi zina zambiri.
Mwachilengedwe, panali zochitika za kudya anzawo, pomwe anyani a nyundo amadya abale awo ang'onoang'ono. Zolusa zimasaka makamaka usiku. Amadziwika chifukwa cha kutha msinkhu, msanga, komanso kuthamanga kwambiri. Chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwa mphezi, ozunzidwa ena alibe ngakhale nthawi yoti azindikire kuti agwidwa ndi zilombo. Atagwira nyama yake, nsombazi zimayigwedeza mwamphamvu mwamphamvu pamutu, kapena kuyikanikizira pansi ndikudya.
Shark amakonda kudya nsomba zambiri zapoizoni komanso zamoyo zam'madzi. Komabe, thupi la nsombazi laphunzira kupanga chitetezo chokwanira ndikulimbana ndi ziphe zosiyanasiyana.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Giant hammerhead shark
Ma Hammerhead shark ndi achangu kwambiri komanso othamanga m'nyanja, ngakhale ali ndi kukula kwakukulu. Amamva bwino kwambiri panyanja akuya kwambiri komanso m'madzi osaya. Masana nthawi zambiri amapuma. Akazi amakonda kucheza limodzi pafupi ndi miyala yamchere yamchere kapena miyala. Amapita kukasaka ndi zoyipitsa.
Chosangalatsa: Akazi achikazi otchedwa hammerhead shark amakonda kusonkhana m'magulu m'miyala ya m'madzi. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika masana, usiku zimasokonekera, kotero kuti tsiku lotsatira azikumananso ndikukhala limodzi.
Ndizodabwitsa kuti nyama zolusa zimayendetsa bwino mlengalenga ngakhale mumdima wathunthu ndipo sizimasokoneza mbali zina za dziko lapansi. Zatsimikiziridwa mwasayansi kuti nsombazi zimagwiritsa ntchito zizindikilo khumi ndi ziwiri polumikizana. Pafupifupi theka la awa ndi machenjezo owopsa. Tanthauzo la mpumulowu silikudziwika.
Amadziwika kuti zolusa kumverera pafupifupi chilichonse kuya. Nthawi zambiri amasonkhana m'magulu akuya kwa 20-25 metres, amatha kusonkhana m'madzi osaya kapena kumira pafupifupi pansi pamadzi, ndikulowerera mpaka mamita 360. Pali nthawi pamene nyama zolusa izi anapezeka m'madzi abwino.
Ndi kuyamba kwa nyengo yozizira, kusamuka kwa adaniwa kumawoneka. Pakadali pano chaka chambiri, nyama zolusa zambiri zimakhala moyandikana ndi equator. Pakubwerera kwa chilimwe, amasamukira kumadzi ozizira omwe ali ndi chakudya chambiri. Pakati paulendo wawo wachinyamata, achinyamata amasonkhana m'magulu akulu, omwe chiwerengero chawo chimafika zikwi zingapo.
Amadziwika kuti ndi alenje a virtuoso, omwe nthawi zambiri amalimbana ndi anthu okhala m'nyanja yakuya, kuposa iwo kukula ndi mphamvu.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Hammerhead shark cub
Nyama yotchedwa hammerhead shark ndi nsomba yoipa kwambiri. Amafika pokhwima pogonana akafika pamiyeso komanso kutalika kwa thupi. Akazi amakhala olemera kwambiri. Kukhathamira sikuchitika mwakuya, panthawiyi nsombazi zimakhala pafupi kwambiri ndi nyanja yakuya. Pakukhalitsa, amuna nthawi zambiri amaluma mano mwa anzawo.
Mkazi aliyense wamkulu amabereka ana zaka ziwiri zilizonse. Nthawi yoberekera ya mwana wosabadwayo imatenga miyezi 10-11. Nthawi yobadwa kumpoto chakumadzulo ili m'masiku otsiriza a masika. Shark, zomwe zimakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja ku Australia, zimayenera kubereka kumapeto kwa dzinja.
Chosangalatsa: Mu nyundo zazing'ono zamtundu wa nyundo, nyundo imakhala yofanana ndi thupi, chifukwa chomwe chimapweteketsa akazi panthawi yobereka sichimatulutsidwa.
M'nthawi yakubadwa, mkazi amayandikira gombe, amakhala m'malo ang'onoang'ono, pomwe pali chakudya chochuluka. Ana obadwa kumene nthawi yomweyo amagwa mwachilengedwe ndikutsatira makolo awo. Nthawi ina, mkazi mmodzi amabala ana 10 mpaka 40. Chiwerengero cha zolusa zazing'ono molingana ndi kukula ndi kulemera kwa thupi la mayi.
Achinyamata ali pafupifupi theka la mita ndikusambira bwino kwambiri, mwachangu kwambiri. Kwa miyezi ingapo yoyambirira, asodzi obadwa kumene amayesetsa kukhala pafupi ndi amayi awo, chifukwa munthawi imeneyi amakhala osavuta kudya nyama zina. Nthawi yokhala pafupi ndi amayi awo, amalandira chitetezo ndikudziwa zanzeru zakusaka. Anawo akabadwa mokwanira ndikudziŵa zambiri, amapatukana ndi amayi awo ndikukhala moyo wakutali.
Adani achilengedwe a nyundo zam'madzi
Chithunzi: Hammerhead shark m'madzi
Nyama yotchedwa hammerhead shark ndi imodzi mwa nyama zoopsa kwambiri komanso zowopsa. Chifukwa chakukula kwa thupi lawo, mphamvu zawo komanso kuthamanga kwawo, alibe mdani m'malo awo achilengedwe. Kupatula kwake ndi anthu ndi tiziromboti, tomwe timawononga thupi la nsombazi, ndikumadya mkati. Ngati kuchuluka kwa tiziromboti ndi kwakukulu, amatha kupha ngakhale chimphona chotchedwa hammerhead shark.
Zowononga zakhala zikuukira anthu mobwerezabwereza. Pofufuza za nyama zolusa ku Hawaiian Research Institute, zidatsimikizika kuti nsombazi siziwona anthu ngati nyama zomwe zingagwilitsidwe ntchito. Komabe, ndi pafupi ndi zilumba za Hawaii pomwe milandu yomwe anthu amachitiridwa nkhanza kwambiri imalembedwa. Izi zimachitika makamaka munthawi yomwe akazi amatsuka kumtunda asanabadwe. Pakadali pano, ndiowopsa, amwano komanso osadalirika.
Olowerera panyanja, osambira, ndi oyenda maulendo ambiri nthawi zambiri amakhala msampha wa akazi achiwawa, apakati. Osiyanasiyana komanso ofufuza nawonso amayang'aniridwa kawirikawiri chifukwa cha kusunthika kwadzidzidzi komanso kusayembekezereka kwa adani.
Nsomba za Hammerhead nthawi zambiri zimaphedwa ndi anthu chifukwa chokwera mtengo. Mankhwala ambiri, komanso mafuta onunkhira, mafuta odzola ndi zodzoladzola zopangidwa zimapangidwa pamaziko a mafuta a shark. Malo odyera okwera kwambiri amapereka mbale kutengera nyama ya shark. Msuzi wodziwika bwino wa shark fin amadziwika kuti ndi chakudya chapadera kwambiri.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Chithunzi: Hammerhead Shark
Masiku ano, chiwerengerochi sichikuwopsezedwa. Mwa ma subspecies asanu ndi anayi omwe alipo, nsomba yamutu yayikulu, yomwe ikuwonongedwa makamaka, yatchedwa "osatetezeka" ndi mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi. Pankhaniyi, subspecies iyi ili m'gulu la oimira zomera ndi zinyama, zomwe zili pamalo apadera. Pachifukwa ichi, m'malo okhala a subspecies, boma limayang'anira kuchuluka kwa zopanga ndi kusodza.
Ku Hawaii, anthu ambiri amavomereza kuti nyundo yotchedwa hammerhead shark ndi cholengedwa chauzimu. Ndi mwa iwo omwe miyoyo ya anthu akufa imasuntha. Pachifukwa ichi, anthu wamba amakhulupirira kuti kukumana ndi nsomba yayitali panyanja kumawerengedwa kuti ndi kupambana komanso chizindikiro cha mwayi. M'dera lino, wolusa wokhetsa magazi amasangalala ndi udindo wapadera komanso amalemekezedwa.
Nyama yakutchire ya shark ndi woimira modabwitsa komanso modabwitsa zamoyo zam'madzi. Amadziwa bwino malowa ndipo amadziwika kuti ndi mlenje wosayerekezeka. Zochita zamphezi komanso kusokonekera kwakukulu, kukhathamiritsa sikungaphatikizepo kukhalapo kwa adani mwachilengedwe.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 10.06.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 22.09.2019 pa 23:56
