Bullfinch

Bullfinch imawonekera m'munda wathu wamasomphenya nthawi yachisanu ikuphimba mizinda ndi midzi. Izi ndi mbalame zotchuka kwambiri zomwe zimagwira ntchito m'nyengo yozizira, mosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya mbalame. Ngakhale kutchuka konse, si ambiri omwe angadzitamande podziwa za mitundu ya ng'ombe zamphongo, zizolowezi zawo, ndi moyo wawo. Zambiri zitha kupezeka patsamba lino.

Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera

Chithunzi: Bullfinch

M'chilimwe, ndi anthu ochepa omwe amatha kuwona ng'ombe zamphongo. Izi ndi mbalame zachisanu zomwe zimakhala ndi nkhawa zambiri nyengo yotentha ndipo sizimawonekera m'malo otseguka. Nthawi yomweyo, nthawi yotentha amasintha mtundu wawo wowala kukhala wopepuka, chifukwa chake amadzibisa okha pakati pa mbalame zina zosiyanasiyana. Pofika nthawi yozizira, nyamazi zimasandulika, ndikukhala achangu momwe zingathere. Ndizosatheka kuti musazizindikire - mitundu yawo imaphatikiza mitundu yowala ingapo: yakuda, yofiira, yoyera ndi imvi yabuluu. Chovala chachisanu ichi chimapangitsa ng'ombe zamphongo kukhala imodzi mwa mbalame zokongola kwambiri zomwe zimawoneka nthawi yachisanu.

Chosangalatsa: Pali nthano zingapo zomwe zimafotokoza za chiyambi chofiira kwambiri pachifuwa cha ng'ombe zamphongo. Malinga ndi m'modzi mwa otchuka kwambiri, ndi mbalame iyi yomwe idabweretsa moto kwa anthu Padziko Lapansi ndipo panjira idawotchedwa. Komabe, asayansi amati palibe nthano iliyonse yokhudza nthenga zofiira. Mtundu uwu ndi chifukwa cha utoto wofiira womwe umapezeka m'maselo a nyama.

Chiyambi cha dzina loti "bullfinch" ndichachisokonezo pakati pa ambiri. Ena amakhulupirira kuti nyamazi zinayamba kutchedwa choncho chifukwa chokhala m'nyengo yozizira. Ena amati dzinali limachokera ku Chilatini "Pyrrhula pyrrhula", chomwe chimamasulira kuti "moto" ndipo chimalumikizidwa ndi nthenga zowala za mabere amphongo. Palinso mtundu wina womwe dzina loti "bullfinch" lidachokera ku "snig" waku Turkic, kutanthauza "wamabele ofiyira".

Kanema: Bullfinch

Bullfinches amatchedwanso mbalame za chipale chofewa. Nyama izi ndi za mtundu womwewo, ng'ombe zamphongo, zomwe ndi gawo la banja lalikulu kwambiri. Mpaka pano, asayansi apeza mitundu ingapo ya mbalame zoterezi.

Mwa awa, atatu okha ndi omwe amakhala ku Russia:

• Anthu wamba aku Europe. Mitundu yambiri yodziwika kwambiri. Kusankha nkhalango, mabwinja a nkhalango zamoyo;
• Caucasus wamba. Izi ndi mbalame zazing'ono kwambiri zowala, zodziwika ndi mchira wawufupi, "watupa" mlomo;
• Kamchatka wamba. Amadziwika ndi kukula kwake kwakukulu, zoyera zoyera zimapezeka nthawi zonse nthenga za mchira. Amuna ali ndi mawere apinki.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe

Chithunzi: Bullfinch mbalame

Maonekedwe okongola ndi omwe amadziwika ndi ng'ombe zamphongo. Zithunzi za mbalamezi ndizodziwika bwino - nthawi zambiri zimasindikizidwa m'magazini, nyuzipepala, m'mabuku, pamakadi okongola a Chaka Chatsopano, makalendala. Mbalame za chipale chofewa ndizochepa. Iwo ndi okulirapo pang’ono poyerekeza ndi achibale awo apamtima, mpheta.

Kutalika kwa thupi kuli masentimita khumi ndi asanu ndi atatu okha, mapiko ake ndi masentimita makumi atatu. Thupi palokha limakhala lolimba, limakhala ndi minofu yolimba. Komabe, kulemera kwa mbalameyi ndikochepa - magalamu makumi atatu ndi asanu. Bullfinches adatchula zachiwerewere - ndikosavuta kusiyanitsa wamwamuna ndi wamkazi.

Pali zizindikiro ziwiri:

• Amuna amadziwika ndi nthenga zowala pachifuwa. Mabere awo amakhala ofiira nthawi zonse. Ma subspecies ena okha ndi omwe ali ndi mtundu wosiyana pang'ono;
• bere lachikazi limakongoletsedwa ndi imvi. Mtundu wonyezimira pang'ono ukhoza kuwonekera pambali inayake.

Kupanda kutero, akazi ndi akazi amapatsidwa mtundu womwewo wa nthenga. Mutu wa nyama ndi wakuda, kumbuyo kuli utoto wabuluu. Mapikowo ndi akuda ndi oyera. Chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nthenga zakuda ndi zoyera, mapiko a mbalame amawoneka owala kwambiri komanso osazolowereka. M'zinyama zazing'ono, mtundu wa thupi nthawi zonse amakhala wopepuka. Zimangowala ndi msinkhu.

Ng'ombe zamphongo zimakhala ndi mchira waufupi kwambiri. Pamapeto pake, imakhala yozungulira pang'ono. Nthenga zakumtunda zakumaso ndizakuda, m'munsi mwake ndi zoyera. Mbalameyi imakhalanso ndi mlomo wawung'ono, waukulu. Mapazi amakhalanso ochepa, koma olimba komanso olimba. Phazi lililonse lili ndi zala zitatu zakumaso zakuthwa. Kapangidwe kamiyendo kamalola ma bullfinches kuti agwiritsitse khungwa la mitengo, nthambi zazing'ono.

Kodi bullfinch amakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Red bullfinch

Mbalame za chipale chofewa ndi mbalame zazing'ono, wamba. Akhazikika pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi, kupatula mayiko otentha kwambiri. Nyama zoterezi zimakhala ku Europe, Asia, Russia, Ukraine, Japan. Mutha kukumana ndi anthu osiyana ku Greece, Asia Minor, Spain. Nyengo yotentha ndiyabwino mbalame zotere, ndizoyenera kuzizira nthawi yozizira. Ndi m'nyengo yozizira pomwe ng'ombe zamphongo amakonda kukhala achangu.

Mbalame za chipale chofewa zimasankha nkhalango zotsika, zamapiri kwamuyaya. Sapezeka m'malo opanda mitengo. Nyama zomwe zimakhala pafupi ndi mizinda zimakhala nthawi yayitali m'mabwalo ndi m'mapaki nthawi yachisanu. Bullfinches amatha kutchedwa kuti mbalame zongokhala. Amadzisankhira okha malo, amamanga zisa pamenepo ndikukhala pafupifupi moyo wawo wonse m'malo amodzi. M'nyengo yachilimwe, ngakhale m'malo ambiri okhala ndi ng'ombe zamphongo, zimakhala zovuta kuzizindikira. M'nyengo yozizira, nyamazi zimagwirizana m'magulu akulu, zimawonekera kwambiri, zimasintha mtundu wawo kukhala wowala.

Ma subspecies ena okha a ma bullfinches nthawi ndi nthawi amasintha malo awo okhala. Tikulankhula za achikulire omwe amakhala kumpoto kwa malo awo okhala. Pakakhala nyengo yozizira kwambiri, mbalamezi zimasamukira kumalo ena. Amasamukira kumwera, komwe dzinja limabweranso ndi mawonekedwe awo.

Tsopano mukudziwa komwe kumakhala mbalame yamphongo. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe mbalame yowala iyi yozizira idya.

Kodi ng'ombe yamphongo imadya chiyani?

Chithunzi: Bullfinch m'nyengo yozizira

Bullfinches sangatchedwe omnivores. Amadya zakudya zochepa. Chakudya chokoma kwambiri cha mbalame zazing'onozi ndi phulusa lamapiri. Izi zimadziwika ndi ambiri, chifukwa ng'ombe zamphongo nthawi zambiri zimawonetsedwa pazithunzi pamodzi ndi phulusa lofiira laphiri. Pamitengo ya rowan, mbalame zimadyetsa pagulu. Amasankha mtengo wa mabulosi kwambiri, ndipo onse amakhala panthambi imodzi limodzi. Pakudyetsa, amuna amawonetsa ulemu wawo. Nthawi zonse amalola azimayi awo kupita patsogolo. Chifukwa chake, akazi ali ndi mwayi wosankha zipatso zazikulu, zakupsa, zokoma kwambiri.

Komabe, nyama izi sizidya zamkati mwa zipatso za rowan zokha. Mwa awa, amakonda kutenga mbewu zokha. Komanso, mbalamezi zimakonda kudya mbewu za mitengo ina. Amasankha mapulo, phulusa, alder, elderberry, hornbeam. Amauluka m'magulu kuti akapeze chakudya choyenera. Ndizosatheka kuzindikira kuti ng'ombe zamphongo, zimaphimba mtengo wonse.

M'nyengo yotentha, chakudya cha mbalame za chipale chofewa chimakhala chachikulu. Kuphatikiza pa mbewu zamitengo yosiyanasiyana, mbewu zambewu zimayamba kulowa mmenemo. Mbalamezi zimadya burdock, sorelo, ndi quinoa. Zitsamba zambiri zam'munda zimadyedwanso. Nthawi zambiri, chakudya chama protein chimayamba kulowa muzakudya za ng'ombe zamphongo ngati tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tambiri.

Chosangalatsa: Sichinsinsi kuti mbalame za chipale chofewa zimakhala mbalame zothamanga kwambiri, zachangu komanso zothamanga. Komabe, panthawi yakudyetsa, ndizovuta kwambiri. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mbalame ziziwona zoopsa ndikukhala ozunzidwa ndi ziweto zoweta ndi zowononga.

Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe

Chithunzi: Bullfinch pa nthambi

Bullfinches amatha kutchedwa kuti okhala m'nkhalango. Mbalamezi zimathera nthawi yawo yambiri zili m'mitengo, m'nkhalango, komanso m'mapaki momwe mumadzalapo anthu ambiri. Mwa mitundu yambiri yamitengo, nyama izi zimasankha singano. Komabe, amathanso kukhala m'nkhalango zosakanikirana. Ngati ng'ombe zamphongo zam'mbuyomu zimakhalapo, zimachulukitsidwa ndikudya kutali ndi anthu, tsopano zakhala zolimba mtima ndipo zimawonekera pafupi ndi nyumba zogona. Amatha kuwona m'mapaki, m'mabwalo azinyumba, m'minda yaboma.

Nthawi zambiri amakakamizika kuwuluka pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu chifukwa chosowa chakudya. M'nkhalango, makamaka m'nyengo yozizira, zimakhala zovuta kupeza chakudya choyenera chokwanira. Mumzindawu, anthu amapachika chakudya kwa mbalame zazing'ono. Komanso m'malire a mzinda muli mitengo yambiri ya rowan, yomwe zipatso zimasungidwa m'nyengo yozizira. Ngakhale kuti ng'ombe zamphongo zimakhala alendo pafupipafupi m'mizinda, m'matawuni, m'midzi, sangatchulidwe mbalame zam'mizinda. Izi ndi nyama zakutchire zokha.

Moyo wamtundu wa ng'ombe umadalira nyengo. M'nyengo yozizira, mbalamezi zimagwira ntchito kwambiri. Amauluka kuchokera mumtengo umodzi kupita kwina pamgulu lalikulu posaka mbewu. M'magulu ang'onoang'ono, mbalame za chipale chofewa zimawonekera pafupi ndi odyetsa. Sikovuta kuwona ng'ombe zamphongo - motsutsana ndi chisanu choyera, zimawoneka ngati zokongoletsa za Khrisimasi. Chifuwa chowoneka bwino cha amuna chimasiyanitsa iwo mosiyana ndi mbalame zina. M'chilimwe, moyo wa nyama umakhala wodekha. Mtundu wa nthenga zawo umazilala, mbalame zimayamba kuthera nthawi yayitali nkhalango, kusamalira nyumbayo ndi ana awo.

Chikhalidwe cha mbalame za chipale chofewa, chokhazikika. Izi ndi mbalame zosathamanga, zolimbitsa thupi, zosangalatsa. Nthawi zonse amawonetsa kulondola komanso kuzindikira. Kawirikawiri mumakhala omenya nawo nkhondo. Ng'ombe zamphongo zimatha kuweta. Nyama izi zimazolowera mbuye wawo mosavuta, zimadziwa kuyamikira chakudya, ndipo zimatha kukhala zofewa.

Chosangalatsa: Ku Russia, ma bullfinches anali amodzi mwa mbalame zotchuka kwambiri pakusungira nyumba. Nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe zaku Russia". Nyamazo zalandira dzina lakutchulali chifukwa chaluso lawo lapadera lotsanzira mamvekedwe osiyanasiyana.

Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Red bullfinch

Nthawi yokwanira ya ng'ombe zamphongo ndi iyi:

• nyengo imayamba ndikusintha kwamakhalidwe amphongo. Mbalame zimakhala zaulemu kwambiri, mawu awo amamveka osangalatsa komanso osangalatsa. Amuna amayamba kupereka nyimbo zawo kwa akazi, ndipo akuchita kusankha wokondedwa wawo. Pawiri amapangidwa mu Marichi okha;
• sitepe yotsatira ndi yomanga chisa. Mwamuna, pamodzi ndi mkazi, amayamba kusankha malo oyenera, kusonkhanitsa zida. Nthawi zambiri, nyamazi zimamanga nyumba m'nkhalango za spruce. Ikani iwo okwanira komanso kutali ndi thunthu. Chifukwa chake amayesetsa kuteteza ana awo amtsogolo momwe angathere kwa adani. Kuti apange chisa, mbalame zimagwiritsa ntchito udzu wouma, nthambi, ndere, ubweya wa nyama, masamba owuma;
• M'mwezi wa Meyi, banjali limaswa mazira, omwe amatsegulira timatumba ting'onoting'ono. Palibe mazira ochulukirapo mu clutch imodzi - pafupifupi sikisi. Ndi owala kwambiri, ali ndi mtundu wabuluu wokhala ndi madontho abulauni. Njira yoswa imatenga pafupifupi milungu iwiri;
• anapiye amphongo amabadwa aang'ono kwambiri, opanda chochita. Mkhalidwe wawo wamphamvu wokha ndi njala. Makolo amayenera kugwira ntchito tsiku lonse kudyetsa ana awo.

Chosangalatsa: Ngakhale alibe chothandiza, anapiye amphongo ali ndi thanzi labwino komanso amatha kuchita zachilengedwe. Akukula kwambiri. Pakangotha ​​milungu ingapo atabadwa, anapiye amaphunzira kuuluka, ndipo pakatha milungu iwiri amatha kukhala moyo wodziyimira pawokha.

Adani achilengedwe a ng'ombe zamphongo

Chithunzi: Bullfinch mbalame

Bullfinches, mwatsoka, nthawi zambiri amavutika chifukwa cha mtundu wawo wowala komanso wowonekera. Mosiyana ndi mbalame zina, nyamazi nthawi zambiri zimakonda kuzunzidwa. Komanso, chifukwa cha ichi chitha kutchedwa ulesi wachilengedwe wa ng'ombe zamphongo. Pakudya, mbalamezi zimachita zinthu mosasamala, mosazindikira. Ndani amaukira mbalame za chipale chofewa?

Pali adani angapo achilengedwe owopsa:

• zolusa mbalame. Sikovuta kuti nyama zoterozo zigwire ng'ombe yaying'ono, yonenepa. Kadzidzi, nkhwangwa, kadzidzi zimawaukira;
• nyama zolusa zapakatikati. Ng'ombe zamphongo zimatha kufa chifukwa cha mawungu a nkhandwe, nkhandwe, amphaka amtchire. Nthawi zambiri agologolo amawononga zisa za ng'ombe zamphongo;
• Ziweto. Kudya mbewu m'malo oyeretsera, m'malo odyetserako zapadera m'mizindawu, ng'ombe zingathe kusowetsa ziweto mosavuta. Nthawi zambiri amachitiridwa nkhanza ndi amphaka;
• utitiri, tiziromboti. Adani otere amabisalira mbalame makamaka pachisa. Zimasokoneza thanzi la nyama, zimawapangitsa kuwoneka matenda osiyanasiyana ndipo zimawatsogolera kuimfa.

Zosangalatsa: Ma Bullfinches ndi mbalame zokongola kwambiri. Amadziwa kuti akudziika pangozi akudya. Kuti adziteteze pang'ono, mbalamezi zimagwirizana m'magulu akuluakulu. Gulu la nkhosa limangokhala ndi ng'ombe zamphongo kapena mbalame zina: mbalame zazing'ono, mbalame zakuda. Zikakhala zoopsa, mamembala a paketiyo amapereka chizindikiritso kwa mamembala ena onse. Chifukwa chake, ma bullfinches ang'ono ali ndi mwayi woti achoke m'malo osatetezeka osagwidwa ndi chilombo.

Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi

Chithunzi: Bullfinch

The bullfinch ndi wokongola, wodekha mbalame yanyimbo yomwe ikupezeka ku Europe ndi Asia konse. Amakhala m'magulu ambiri m'nkhalango, m'mphepete mwa nkhalango. Komabe, mbalame za chipale chofewa zakhala zikuyenda bwino m'tauni, pafupi ndi anthu. Kumtchire, mbalame zamtunduwu zimatha kukhala zaka pafupifupi khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri. Kunyumba, malinga ndi zofunikira zonse, nyama ikhoza kukhala ndi moyo zaka zingapo.

Bullfinches amapezeka mwachilengedwe mokwanira. Mitundu yawo idapatsidwa mwayi wokhala Osadandaula. Komabe, sizinthu zonse zomwe zili zabwino. Asayansi akuwona kuti kuchuluka kwa mbalame zamatalala kwatsika kwambiri pazaka khumi zapitazi. M'madera ena okhalamo, nyama izi zimawerengedwa kuti ndizosowa.

Kutsika kwakukulu kotere kumalumikizidwa ndi zinthu zingapo zoyipa:

• chitukuko cha nkhalango ndi anthu. Mwachitsanzo, ku Russia, ndi nkhalango makumi anayi ndi zitatu zokha zokha zomwe sizinasinthe. Madera ena onse akudulidwa mwakhama. Bullfinches alibe malo okhalamo okwanira;
• kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe. Ili ndi vuto lapadziko lonse lapansi kwazaka zana zapitazi zomwe zakhudza kwambiri anthu pafupifupi nyama zonse, mbalame ndi tizilombo. Zamoyo zosauka zimabweretsa kufa kwachangu kwa zamoyo zonse;
• kusintha kwa kapangidwe ka nkhalango. Nkhalango za Coniferous zikuchepa. M'malo mwake, pali masamba ambiri opanda zingwe, koma m'nkhalango zotere samangopeza chakudya choyenera.

Bullfinch - mbalame yomwe imayenera kulandira mutu wa nthenga zokongola kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira. Ndi wocheperako, ali ndi utoto wowala, mawu osangalatsa. Mbalame zoterezi zimakhala m'magulu, zimapirira mosavuta nyengo yozizira ndipo nthawi zambiri zimawulukira kwa anthu kuti zikasangalale ndi zokoma za odyetsa. Masiku ano, kuchuluka kwa ng'ombe zamphongo ndi zochulukirapo, koma mzaka khumi zapitazi, asayansi azindikira kuti chizolowezi chake chikuchepa. Ndicho chifukwa chake anthu ayenera kumvetsera kwambiri mbalamezi, achite zonse zotheka kuti akhale ndi moyo wabwino komanso wautali m'chilengedwe.

Tsiku lofalitsa: 07.06.2019

Idasinthidwa: 22.09.2019 pa 23:26