Hazel yogona - cholengedwa chaching'ono chodabwitsa kwambiri, kuyang'ana komwe, umasunthidwa mosagwirizana, zithunzi za hamster yovuta ndi gologolo wamphongo nthawi yomweyo amatuluka m'malingaliro ako. Kukongola kwa tsitsi lofiira ndi nthumwi ya banja lake lenileni la ogona, amatchedwanso musket. Ambiri sanamvepo za nyama yotereyi, chifukwa chake zidzakhala zosangalatsa kudziwa zambiri zamakhalidwe ndi moyo wake.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Nyumba yogona Hazel
Hazel dormouse (muschlovka) ndi nyama yoyamwa ya banja logona ndi dongosolo la makoswe. Kunja, ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi gologolo, wochepa kokha kukula, ndipo kukula kwake kuli kofanana ndi mbewa. Mwa banja lake lonse, hazel dormouse ndi yaying'ono kwambiri.
Unyinji wa munthu wamkulu umangokhala pafupifupi magalamu 27, mochuluka ngati nyumba yogona yodyetsedwa bwino, yatsala pang'ono kulowa mu hibernation, imalemera. Nyama ikadzuka, kulemera kwake kumachepetsedwa mpaka 15 - 17 magalamu. Kutalika kwa thupi la hazel dormouse kumachokera pa masentimita 7 mpaka 9, izi sizowerengera mchira, kutalika kwake kuli pafupifupi 6 kapena 7 cm.
Kanema: Hazel dormouse
Mwa nyumba zogona zonse, kaya ndi nyumba yogona nkhalango, kapena nyumba yogona dimba, hazel ndiye wodziwika bwino kwambiri, i.e. chinyama chimakhala nthawi yayitali pakati pa nthambi zamitengo, chifukwa chake chimakwera bwino. Miyendo ya hazel dormouse idapangidwa mwapadera kotero kuti zimakhala bwino kuti iye adutse korona wolimba. Pali zala zinayi padzanja la mwendowo, kutalika kwake kuli kofanana, chala choyamba chakumapazi chimakhala chaching'ono kuposa china chonse ndipo chimangowonekera kwa iwo.
Mukasuntha ndikudumpha munthambi za mitengo, maburashi a hazel dormouse amatulutsa pafupifupi madigiri makumi asanu ndi anayi.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti nyama yaying'ono iyi imatha kuwetedwa; nyumba yogona ya hazel imatha kukhala kunyumba, ngati hamster wamba kapena nkhumba. Mwiniwake yekhayo ndiye ayenera kuzindikira kuti ndi nyama yakugonera usiku. Komabe, munthu sayenera kusokoneza malo ogona a hazel ndi gologolo kapena mbewa, ngakhale imakhalanso mbewa, koma ndi ochokera kubanja lina logona.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Malo osungira nyama
Kunja, hazel dormouse ndi yokongola komanso yokongola. Mutu wake waudongo, wozungulira uli ndi mphuno ya pinki yosongoka pang'ono ndi maso akuda odziwika, ngati mikanda iwiri yayikulu yowala. Makutu a musket ndi ochepa komanso ozungulira. Mukawona malo ogona, mutha kuwona kuti amayenda ngati malo okhala, ndipo iliyonse imatha kupita mbali zosiyanasiyana.
Chimodzi mwamaubwino a hazel dormouse ndi ndevu zake zazitali (vibrissae), kutalika kwake ndikofanana ndi kutalika kwa pafupifupi theka la thupi la musket. Mapeto a ndevu iliyonse yovuta ndi yopindika pang'ono. Nyamayo ili ndi mano khumi ndi awiri, pamasaya a dormouse pali chofanana ndi chisa. Ma incisors a musket ndi akuthwa kwambiri, chifukwa ndi iwo amatha kuluma mu chipolopolo cholimba cha nati.
Malo ogona a hazel ali ndi mafupa apadera omwe amalola kuti ichepetse mozungulira, kotero kuti nyamayo imatha kupindika kukhala tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndikulowa m'malo aliwonse ang'onoang'ono. Miyendo ya ogona ili ndi kusinthasintha kwakukulu, komwe kumathandiza nyama kuyenda mozungulira munthambi za mitengo. Chovala cha dormouse sichitali, chosangalatsa komanso chofewa.
Mtundu waubweya ukhoza kukhala:
- bulauni;
- amber;
- terracotta;
- mutu wofiira;
- ofiira ofiira.
Nthawi zambiri pamutu, mchira ndi kumbuyo, ubweyawo umakhala wofiira, ndipo pamimba ndi mkati mwamiyendo mumakhala poterera. Kunsonga kwake kwa mchira kumatha kukhala kofiirira kapena koyera. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mchira wa hazel dormouse siyotalika kokha, komanso ndiwofewa. Pakhoza kukhala malo owala pachifuwa.
M'nyumba yogona ya hazel, chovala chaubweya chimakhala chosalala, nthawi zambiri chotuwa.
Kodi nyumba yogona ya hazel imakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Hazel dormouse Red Book
Malo okhala hazel dormouse ndiwambiri. Nyamayi imakhala yodziwika ku Europe, kupatula Spain ndi Portugal, yomwe idakhazikika kumwera kwa Great Britain ndi Sweden, yolembetsedwa kumpoto kwa Turkey. M'dziko lathu, hazel dormouse amakhala m'nkhalango za m'dera la Volga, Ciscaucasia, Caucasus ndi dera la Dnieper. Tisaiwale kuti nyama imeneyi ndi chosowa m'dera la Russia, chifukwa ndi ochepa kwambiri.
Hazel dormouse ndi nyama zokhala ndi magawo awo okha. Kukula kwa gawo loterolo mwa mkazi kumatha kukhala pafupifupi theka la mahekitala, mwa amuna, malowa ndi akulu kuwirikiza kawiri. Nyama zimalumikizana nthawi yokhwima yokha. Chofunikira m'malo omwe bowa amapezeka ndi nkhalango zowirira, makamaka kuchokera ku hazel, sikuti pachabe ndiye kuti dormouse idatchedwa hazel.
Sonya akhoza kukhazikika m'mapiri phulusa, rosehip, viburnum m'nkhalango. Mitengo yaying'ono ya oak, linden ndi phulusa ndi yotchuka ndi bowa. Minda ya zipatso ya zipatso ndi nyumba yabwino kwambiri yopangira nyama zazing'ono. Ndizolakwika kuganiza kuti amawononga mitengo yazipatso, dormouse, m'malo mwake, amathandizira kuyendetsa mungu wawo.
Hazel dormouse amasankha nkhalango zowuma, zosakanikirana, ndi nkhalango za coniferous sizabwino kwa iye. Nyamayo imatha kupezeka pafupi ndi misewu yakunyumba ndi nkhalango, m'mphepete mwake, m'mapiri, dormouse samapitilira makilomita awiri.
Kodi dormouse amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Nyumba yogona Hazel
Menyu yama hazel dormouse makamaka ndi zamasamba. Ndikosavuta kuganiza kuti mtedza ndi womwe amakonda kwambiri kwa iye. Dormouse imadya mtedza wonse, kukonzekera kutentha kwa hibernation, ikayamba kulemera, chifukwa chinyama sichipanga chilichonse m'nyengo yozizira. Mtedza womwe dormouse adayesa, koma sanadye, amatha kudziwika, chifukwa nyama imasiya mabowo osalala kuchokera kumano pachikopa chawo. M'thupi la ogona mulibe cecum, chifukwa chake zakudya zokhala ndi fiber zambiri sizimayikidwa bwino. Nyama zimakonda zipatso ndi mbewu.
Kuphatikiza pa mtedza, makoswe amtunduwu amakhala ndi:
- zipatso (strawberries, blueberries, raspberries, lingonberries, mabulosi akuda);
- ziphuphu;
- zipatso;
- masamba achichepere (mchaka);
- mphukira;
- mbewu.
Zingaoneke zachilendo, koma tamoyo tating'onoting'ono tokana zakudya zomanga thupi. Sonya amadya mphutsi ndi mazira a mbalame ngati atapeza mpata. Kuphatikiza pa nyongolotsi, malo ogona ndi tizilombo tina samanyoza. M'nthawi yamasika, nyama zimatha kudya makungwa a mitengo ya spruce. Ndizosangalatsa kuwona dormouse nthawi yakudya, chifukwa amakhala ndi zipatso zilizonse ndi miyendo iwiri yakutsogolo. Umu ndi momwe mitundu ya mbewa zazing'onoting'ono izi zimakhalira korona wamitengo ndi zitsamba zosiyanasiyana.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Hazel dormouse nyama
Hazel dormouse ndi nyama yamadzulo yomwe imakhala nthawi yayitali muufumu wogona, ndichifukwa chake ili ndi dzina losangalatsa. Sonya sagona masana okha, komanso kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Epulo, kugwa tulo, chifukwa salola kutentha pang'ono.
Ngakhale chilimwe, kutentha kwa mpweya kukamatsika pansi pamadigiri 17, nyumbayi imagwa ngati dzanzi ndipo imatha kugona masiku angapo mpaka ikatenthe.
Monga tanenera kale, anthu ogona ndi nyama zomwe zimakhala kumadera akutali. Nyama zimakonda kukhala zokha, zimakumana munthawi yamatenda. Usiku, amakhala akudzipezera okha chakudya, akuyenda mosamala kuchoka ku nthambi kupita ku nthambi ina, ndipo masana amagona m'misasa yawo yabwino.
Nyumba yogona iliyonse yomwe ili pamtunda ili ndi zisa zingapo masana, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala mumitengo yayitali mita imodzi kapena awiri. Musket imakhalanso ndi bowo lanyengo yachisanu, yomwe imakonza mosamala nthawi yonse yotentha kuti ikhale yotentha nyengo yachisanu.
Ngati chipinda chogona chimagwira nawo ntchito yomanga chisa, ndiye kuti chimachokera ku udzu, moss, masamba, nthambi zazing'ono, zomwe zimalumikizana ndi malovu ake omata. Ndiyenera kunena kuti nyumba yogona ya hazel nthawi zina imatha kukhala yopanda tanthauzo, yopanda tanthauzo, nyamayo nthawi zambiri imakhala zisa za anthu ena, ndikuwathamangitsira eni: titmouses, mpheta. Sonya amathanso kukhala mnyumba yosungira mbalame, m'chipinda chapamwamba, mumtengo wobowola, mu tayala lakale lagalimoto.
Ngati tizingolankhula za mawonekedwe ndi zamoyo zazing'onozi, titha kunena kuti dormouse ndiwokonda kwambiri komanso olimba mtima, amakhalidwe abwino ndipo amalumikizana ndi anthu mosavuta, nyamazo zimadalira kwambiri, motero sizovuta kuziweta.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Hazel dormouse kuchokera ku Red Book
Hazel dormouse ndi nyama zokhazokha zomwe zimangolumikizana nthawi yokhwima, yomwe imakhala nthawi yonse yotentha, bola ikakhala yotentha. Pofuna kuti ana azikhala omasuka, akazi amapanga chisa, chomwe chimakhala chachikulu kuposa masiku onse. Amayiyika pamalo otsika poyerekeza ndi nthaka. Chisa choterechi chimakhala ndi zigawo ziwiri: pamwamba pake chimakutidwa ndi masamba, ndipo mkati mwake chimakhala ndi pansi, nthenga, ndi udzu wawung'ono.
M'nyengo yotentha, mkaziyo amatha kubereka ana awiri, ndipo ngati kutentha kumakhalapobe kwanthawi yayitali ndipo nthawi yachilimwe imachedwa, ndiye atatu. Nthawi zambiri, nyumba yogona ya hazel imabereka ana awiri kapena asanu ndi mmodzi. Nthawi ya bere imatha pafupifupi masiku 25, ndiyofanana ndi nthawi yodyetsa anawo. Zikuwoneka kuti mitu yogona amaganizira kwambiri ana awo, ngati mayi afa mwadzidzidzi, ndiye kuti mayi wina amatha kulera ana ake. Mwa mitundu iyi ya mbewa, chachikazi sichinawonekepo chikudya ana ake omwe.
Ngati kukuzizira komanso kugwa mvula nthawi yachilimwe, ndiye kuti amunawo sathamangira kukafuna akazi kuti akwere, amakhalabe m'malo awo otakasuka, ndiye kuti hazel dormouse samabereka.
Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi mbewa zonse, ana ogona amabadwa opanda thandizo komanso akhungu, alibe chophimba chaubweya. Pafupifupi masiku 18 okha, ana amakhala ofanana ndi nyama zazikulu. Ali ndi zaka makumi anayi, makoswe ang'onoang'ono akupeza kale ufulu. Nthawi zina, mkazi akabereka mochedwa, nyengo yadzinja isanafike, ana amakhala m'nyengo yozizira ndi amayi awo.
Nyama zazing'ono zogonana zimayandikira chaka chimodzi. M'malo otchire, achilengedwe, nyumba zogona za hazel zimakhala zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu zokha, ndipo mu ukapolo amatha kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka zisanu ndi zitatu. Kusiyana kumeneku kumakhalako chifukwa nyama zambiri m'malo awo achilengedwe sizimakhala m'nyengo yozizira, yozizira kwambiri.
Adani achilengedwe a hazel dormouse
Chithunzi: Nyumba yogona Hazel
Ngakhale kuti nyumba yogona ya hazel ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, ilibe adani achangu kwambiri pakati pa nyama zina. Palibe nyama zolusa zomwe zimasaka nyama iyi. Amatha kutenga Sonya mwangozi. Chifukwa chake khoswe amatha kukhala nyama ya kadzidzi, mphaka wamtchire, marten, nkhandwe, weasel. Nthawi zina zimachitika kuti dzenje lomwe nyumba yogonamo imakhala limang'ambika ndi nkhandwe kapena nguluwe, koma nyamayo imatha kupulumuka, chifukwa osowa amakhala omvera komanso osamala.
Chilengedwe chimakhala ndi njira yoyambirira yotetezera nyama zazing'onozi, zomwe zimakhalapo kuti khungu lochokera kumchira wa dormouse limauluka posungira ngati wina agwira nyamayo ndi gawo lalitali la thupi lake. Zikatero, okometsetsa okomoka ndi okhumudwa amapulumuka mosamala kwaopusa. Zachidziwikire, ndiye kuti gawo la mchira, pomwe kulibe khungu, limafa ndipo pamapeto pake limasowa, koma mbewa imakhalabe ndi moyo.
Tsoka ilo, m'modzi mwa adani owopsa a hazel dormouse ndi munthu amene amawononga madera omwe amakhazikika, kudula nkhalango ndikulima malo olimapo. Bowa umafanso ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe anthu amathira nawo mbewu zolimidwa. Umu ndi momwe moyo ulili wovuta kwa nyama zazing'ono komanso zosatetezeka zomwe zimakhala kuthengo.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Malo ogona a zinyama
Asayansi awona kuti kuchuluka kwa nyumba zogona za hazel zomwe zimakhala mwachilengedwe, zachilengedwe zikuchepa pang'onopang'ono chaka chilichonse, zomwe ndizowopsa kwambiri. Izi zimawoneka bwino kwambiri kumpoto kwa malo okhala nyama yosangalatsayi. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti kuchuluka kwa dormice ya hazel sikuchulukirapo kudera lonselo.
Pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwa nyumba zogona anthu za hazel sikufike pamlingo wovuta kwambiri. Pakadali pano, mitundu iyi ya makoswe ili m'gulu la mitundu yomwe sikhala pachiwopsezo chokhala ndi malo okhala, koma pamndandanda wamabungwe azachilengedwe padziko lonse lapansi, ma muskets apatsidwa udindo wapadera.
Zomwe zili ndi anthu okhala mu hazel dormouse sizofanana m'zigawo zonse; m'malo ena nyama iyi imadziwika kuti ndi yosowa kwambiri ndipo yatchulidwa mu Red Book. Ndizomvetsa chisoni kuzindikira izi, koma zoterezi zachitika mdziko lathu, pomwe mbewa zazing'onozi ndizochepa kwambiri.
Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa anthu kumachitika osati ndi anthu okha, komanso nyengo yozizira kwambiri, yomwe si nyama iliyonse yomwe ingakhale ndi moyo. Pali umboni kuti pafupifupi 70% ya muslin samapulumuka mphepo yamkuntho ndipo amafa nthawi yozizira. Sizovuta kuti mwana wotereyu apulumuke nyengo yozizira.
Kuteteza malo ogona a hazel
Chithunzi: Hazel dormouse Red Book of Russia
M'gawo la boma lathu, hazel dormouse ili ndi ochepa kwambiri, omwe pang'onopang'ono akupitilira kuchepa, chifukwa chake kanyama kameneka kamatchulidwa m'buku lofiira la dziko lathu, kumawerengedwa kuti ndi kosowa kwenikweni. Izi zimachitika osati kokha chifukwa choti munthu amawononga malo ambiri otumizira hazel dormouse, komanso chifukwa cha nyengo yozizira, yomwe siichilendo mdziko lathu, ndipo sikophweka kuti dormouse ikhale ndi chisanu choopsa.
Pali umboni wosonyeza kuti mkati mwa Russia Federation kuchuluka kwa nyumba zopangira ma hazel dormice kuli pafupifupi zitsanzo zitatu kapena zinayi pahekitala iliyonse.
Malo ambiri ogona a hazel amakhala m'malo achilengedwe mdera lathu la Yaroslavl, m'mabungwe olima minda omwe ali mdera lino. Kawirikawiri, nyama zimakhala m'zipinda zam'midzi ndi m'nyumba za mbalame, sizimachita manyazi ndi anthu. Pali milandu yambiri yodziwika pomwe wamaluwa amateur amatenga kogona nawo pang'ono m'nyengo yozizira.
Ambiri omwe amakonda nyama zokongolazi akufuna kukulitsa kuchuluka kwawo mwa kuswana makoswe kunyumba, kenako ndikumasula ana ogona m'minda, m'nkhalango ndi m'malo opaka nyama. M'madera ena, anthu ogona nawonso amakhudzidwa chifukwa anthu amachiza msipu ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo kuti athane ndi nthata zoyipa. Munthu ayenera kulingalira zakuti izi zimabweretsa kufa kwa tizirombo tokha, koma hazel dormouse, yomwe ili ndi phindu lochulukirapo, ndikuthandizira kuyambitsa mungu wambiri wa zomera zambiri.
Pomaliza, zikuwonjezeranso kuti nyumba yogona ya hazel ndiyochepa kwambiri, nthawi zambiri imakhala yopanda chitetezo komanso yotetezeka, chifukwa chake, popanda kuthandizidwa ndi anthu, zitha kukhala zovuta kuti apulumuke, chifukwa zinthu zachilengedwe nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta komanso zosayembekezereka. Ndipo ngati munthu sakufuna kuthandiza kanyama kameneka, ndiye kuti sayenera kuvulaza makanda okongola awa omwe amawoneka ngati dzuwa laling'ono lalanje lomwe likuwala pakati pa nthambi zowirira za mitengo.
Zamoyo zazing'onozi zimangogwira ndikusangalala, kuziyang'ana, mukufuna kusamalira ndi kuteteza zinyenyeswazi za tsitsi lofiira, sizachabe zomwe ambiri ali nazo monga ziweto, chifukwa nyumba yogona ya hazel wabwino kwambiri komanso wosavuta kuweta.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 18.04.2019
Tsiku losintha: 19.09.2019 nthawi 21:50
