Mkuwa wagolide - tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuchokera ku coleoptera. Kachilomboka kakang'ono kokongola kokhala ndi chitsulo chowala kwambiri chochokera ku mtundu wa Bronze. Dzina lachi Latin la Cetonia aurata ndikulongosola kwa kachilombo kameneka adapangidwa ndi Linnaeus mu 1758.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Bronze wagolide
Kachilomboka kochokera m'banja laling'ono la Bronzovka ndi ka kachilomboka. Mitunduyi imaphatikizanso ma subspecies asanu ndi awiri okhala ndi mitundu yosiyana, mawonekedwe amthupi, kukula, komanso amakhala ndi malo osiyanasiyana. Mkati mwa subspecies iliyonse, pali zosankha zambiri zokhala ndi mitundu yautoto, komanso madera obisalira thupi. Cetonia m'dzina la kachilomboka amatanthauza zachitsulo, ndipo mawu oti aurata amatanthauza golide.
Padziko lonse lamkuwa, pali mitundu mpaka 2,700, ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, ku Africa, kachilomboka kakang'ono kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi kamakhala - goliath, wachibale wakutali wamitundu yagolide. Kutalika kwake kumafikira 10 cm, ndikulemera 80-100 g.
Kumbu zikuluzikulu zobiriŵira golidezi zimauluka ndi kulira kwakukulu, ndipo zikagwera pachipinga, zimagwera kumbuyo kwawo ndi phokoso. Choyamba amanama, akudziyesa kuti afa, ndiyeno, movutikira, amatembenukira.
Tizilombo tachikulire ndi tizirombo. Amadya inflorescence. Mphutsi, kukonza zinthu zakufa, kumawonjezera chonde m'nthaka. Amapereka zabwino zofananira ngati nyongolotsi.
Ngati bronze ikuwopa, ndiye kuti imatha "kuwombera" ndimadzi onunkhira osasangalatsa.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Chikumbu chamkuwa wagolide
Chinthu choyamba chomwe chimakugwirani ndi mtundu wobiriwira wonyezimira wokhala ndi chitsulo chosalala. M'malo mwake, kachilomboka kakuda, momwe mawonekedwe amtunduwo amathandizira kuwoneka kokongola, komwe kumawunikira mozungulira kuwala. Ichi ndichifukwa chake mtunduwo umawoneka wosinthika mukamayang'aniridwa mosiyanasiyana. Kwenikweni ndi chobiriwira chobiriwira kapena chobiriwira chokhala ndi utoto wagolide, amatha kuponyedwa ndi mkuwa m'mbali mwake, koma ma subspecies osiyanasiyana amakhala ndi mitundu yonse yolephera.
Zolemba zolimba za kachilomboka zimakhala ndi zigawo zingapo za thinnest. Kuwala kumawonekera mobwerezabwereza kuchokera pagawo lililonse ndikukhala pamwamba, ndikupanga sewero lazithunzi.
Kukula kwa kachilomboka kumachokera pa 1 mpaka 2.3 masentimita.Thupi ndilotakata - pafupifupi 0,8-1.2 cm, otembenuka kumbuyo, pang'ono pang'ono mpaka kumapeto. Mbali yakumtunda ili ndi ubweya, koma palinso anthu amaliseche. Dera la occipital pamutu limakhala lalitali ndi madontho ndi tinyanga takuda. Mutu wonsewo uli ndi madontho akuluakulu ndipo ndi wonenepa. Pakati pake pali mphako woboola pakati. Mutu wonse waphimbidwa ndi tsitsi loyera.
Kanema: Bronze wagolide
Mfundo yotakata kwambiri ndi pronotum, ili pafupi ndi mutu, komanso yokutidwa ndi zotumphukira. Mphepete ndizokwera m'mbali. Scutellum, yomwe ili pakati pa elytra yolimba ndi pronotum, ili ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wa isosceles ndi nsonga yosalala - ichi ndichikhalidwe cha kachilomboka. Chishango chimaphimbidwa ndi madontho. Ma elytra ali ndi mawangamawanga okhala ndi mikwingwirima yokongola ndi mikwingwirima yoyera yoyera.
Miyendo ya kafadala imakhalanso ndi madontho, makwinya, mikwingwirima. The tibia yoyamba ili ndi mano atatu. Kupindika kwa miyendo ina kulinso ndi dzino limodzi. Pamiyendo yakumbuyo, tibiae ndi ofanana ndi tarsi, ndipo pamapazi ena, tarsi ndi yayitali kuposa tibia.
Bronzovki paulendo wapaulendo samakankhira pambali elytra yolimba. Ali ndi mphako pambali, kudula komwe kafadala amafalitsa mapiko awo akamagwira ndege.
Kodi mkuwa wagolide umakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Tizilombo ta mkuwa wagolide
Coleoptera iyi ili ndi malo okhala ambiri.
Chikumbu chimapezeka ku Europe ndi Asia:
- kuchokera kumwera kwa Scandinavia mpaka madera akumwera kwa chilumba cha Mediterranean ndi zisumbu;
- ku Asia Minor ndi Western Asia, ku Iran (kupatula zigawo za m'chipululu);
- ku mayiko a ku Central Asia kumpoto kwa Tajikistan;
- kum'mwera, derali limadutsa kumpoto kwa Nyanja ya Aral, m'mphepete mwa Mtsinje wa Syr-Darya limafikira mitsinje ya Osh ndi Gulcha;
- akulanda chigawo cha China cha Snjiang;
- ku Mongolia kufika pamtsinje. Kharagol.
M'dera la Russian Federation, kumpoto kwa nkhondoyi imagwirizana ndi Korelsky Isthmus, kenako imadutsa mu Perm Territory, Yekaterinburg, ndikulanda kumpoto kwa dera la Omsk, kenako kudutsa Western Siberia kupita kugombe lakumpoto kwa Lake Baikal. Gombe lakumadzulo kwa Nyanja ya Baikal ndi malire akum'mawa ogawira bronze wagolide, komanso amapezeka m'chigawo cha Amur. Kum'mwera kukafika ku Caucasus.
Kachiromboka kamakhala m'nkhalango ndi m'mapiri. M'chigawo cha steppe, imakonda malo otetezera nthenga, chifukwa pali zitsamba zofunika pamoyo wa Coleoptera. Kumene kulibe nkhalango kapena shrub, mtundu uwu sapezeka. M'madera otsetsereka, nyamayi imatha kukhalanso m'zigwa ndi mitsinje yamadzi osefukira, komwe kuli malo ozizira kwambiri komanso kuli zitsamba ndi mitengo. Ngakhale mdera louma kwambiri mungapeze bronze, koma m'mphepete mwa nyanja kapena mitsinje yamadzi osefukira. Chitsanzo ndi malo osefukira a Terek m'chipululu cha Caspian.
Tizilombo timakonda malo owala, owala: m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, kuwoloka, nkhalango ndi madambo, kuyeretsa ndi malo owotchera kwambiri. Fungo lokoma lokha la timadzi tokoma ndi timitengo ta mitengo tikhoza kukopa tizilombo ku nkhalango zowirira.
M'madera akumpoto, amakonda kukhala m'malo otseguka, otentha. Kum'mwera, m'malo mwake, bronze imapezeka kwambiri kumapiri. Chifukwa chake, m'dera la Lake Issyk-Kul, amapezeka kumtunda wopitilira 1,6 zikwi, m'mapiri a Tien Shan amakwera mpaka 2.3 zikwi, ku Transcaucasus, m'dera la Sevan - 2 zikwi, ku Ciscaucasia mpaka 1 , 6 zikwi m.
Kodi Golden Bronze imadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Bronze wagolide
Tizilombo tambiri tambiri titha kuwona pamaluwa amitengo yosiyanasiyana. Amakonda kwambiri maluwa ndikunyamuka m'chiuno.
M'zinenero zina za ku Ulaya kachilomboka kamatchedwa pinki chifukwa chokonda mitundu imeneyi.
Koma samangomwa timadzi tokoma tokha, komanso amadya mtima wosakhwima ndi masamba, madengu a mbewu za maambulera, kabichi. Masamba ang'onoang'ono azomera nawonso samanyozedwa, ndipo pomwe madzi amatuluka mumtengo, ma bronzes amatha kukonza phwando. Tizilombo timangodya maluwa, komanso timatha kudya zipatso ndi zipatso. Zakudya za kafadala zimakhala ndi mbewu zambiri zolimidwa komanso zakutchire.
Kuchokera kuzomera zolimidwa zipatso, izi ndi: mabulosi akutchire, apulo, peyala, apurikoti, maula, chitumbuwa, zipatso zokoma, dogwood, viburnum, mapiri phulusa. Kuchokera pamasamba, zitha kuvulaza: kabichi, radish, nyemba. Mbewu zimavutikanso: chimanga, rye, buckwheat. Ma Florist nawonso amachimwa pamkuwa chifukwa kuyambira koyambirira kwa masika mpaka kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira imatha kuwononga dimba lamaluwa: irises, peonies, roses, lilacs, lupins ndi ena.
Kuchokera kuzomera zakutchire, tizilombo timakonda kudya, pali mitundu yonse ya rosaceous, chimanga, mallow, nyemba, buckwheat, umbelliferae, beech, aster, ashberry, iris, clove ndi mabanja ena ambiri azomera. Mphutsi zimadya zinyalala zowola, zimapezeka m'matumba a masamba, nkhuni zowola, kompositi.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Bronze wagolide
Makulidwe amoyo a mkazi wamkuwa ndi chaka chimodzi, zigawo zakumpoto ndi zaka ziwiri. M'chaka, kafadala wokwatirana. Ngati kutuluka kwam'mimba kumachitika msanga, kukula kumatha kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Nyongolotsi zadzinja sizimatuluka, zimakhalabe m'nyengo yachirombo mpaka nthawi yozizira, koma anthu ena, ngati nyengo ili yotentha komanso youma, amatuluka mnyumba zawo.
Nyongolotsi zotere zimabisala m'malo obisika m'nyengo yozizira, ndipo nthawi yachilimwe amakhala oyamba kutuluka ndikuyamba kukhala moyo wokangalika nthawi yayitali asanafike zaka zambiri. Mphutsi zomwe zimatuluka m'mazira atayikidwa pambuyo pake zimakhalabe m'nyengo yozizira nthawi yachitatu, ndipo zitatha overwintering, pupate mchaka. Chifukwa cha kusanganikirana kwamoyo, tizilombo titha kupezeka munthawi yomweyo m'zinthu zosiyanasiyana.
Mphutsi za Bronzovka nthawi zambiri zimasokonezedwa ndi mphutsi za kachilomboka, zomwe zimawononga zomera ndikudya ma rhizomes. Mtundu wa thupi la tizilombo tonsewo ndi wofanana, koma miyendo ya kachilomboka ndiyotalikirapo, mutu ndi wokulirapo ndipo nsagwada, zomwe zimafunikira kukukuta minofu yamoyo ya zomera, ndi yayikulu.
Tizilombo timagwira ntchito masana nyengo yotentha. Nyengo yamitambo komanso mitambo, amakhala atulo, nthawi zambiri amaundana pazomera. Kuchokera kuzizira amabisala m'misasa ndi pansi pa masamba.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Chikumbu chamkuwa wagolide
Kuti apeze kafadala, amagwiritsira ntchito zovala zawo zowala, ma enzyme a pheromone ndi zophuka pa tinyanga. Amapangidwa ngati chibonga chopangidwa ndi mbale zingapo ndipo amatha kutseguka ngati fani. Tinyanga tomwe timakhala tcheru kwambiri ndipo timathandiza amuna kufunafuna anzawo. Pambuyo paubwenzi wapabanja, moyo wamwamuna umatha.
Akazi amaikira mazira mu zitsa zowola, mitengo yakugwa, humus, kompositi, m'ziswe, kenako amafa. Pakangotha milungu ingapo, mphutsi zimatuluka m'mazira oyera-achikaso ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimayamba kudya zinyalala za masamba, masamba owola, nkhuni zowola, ndi mizu yakufa. Pakukula, mbozi imadutsa magawo atatu kupyola ma molts awiri.
Maonekedwe a mphutsi ndi mawonekedwe a C. Thupi lakuda limachepetsa mpaka kumutu, lokhala ndi zonona, kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 4-6.Mutu wake ndi wa 3 mm, pali mano anayi munsagwada zazikulu komanso zazifupi. Mano ake ali ndi nsagwada m'munsi; ali ndi palp panja. Nsagwada ndizamphamvu kwambiri. Tizilombo timaluma ndi zinyalala zowola ndikuzipera ndi nsagwada zawo, ndikuthandizira kukonzanso manyowa.
Kanyanga ndi kofupikitsa komanso kowirira ndipo kali ndi zigawo zinayi. Kumapeto kwa kumatako kuli mizere iwiri ya mitsempha yakuthwa. Thupi liri ndi ma bristles. Miyendo ndi yaifupi ndi zowonjezera ngati zomangira. Ndizovuta kusuntha ndi chithandizo chawo.
Mbozi ya mkuwa wagolide wolimbikira kwambiri, wokulungika, imayenda kumbuyo kwake.
Kutha kwa nthawi yachitatu, mphutsi zomwe zidadyera. Chikoko cha chibalacho ndi chowulungika ndipo chimakhala ngati kachilomboka. Mboziyo imapanga mphalapala yake kuchokera m'nthaka, kuwononga nkhuni, ndowe zake, ndikumamatirana ndi madzi amtseri. Chimaonekera kumapeto kwa mimba. Mphutsi imagwiritsa ntchito miyendo yake yaying'ono kupanga cocoko. Pakadutsa theka la mwezi, wamkulu amatuluka pachiphuphu.
Adani achilengedwe a bronzes agolide
Chithunzi: Tizilombo ta mkuwa wagolide
Mphutsi za Bronzovka nthawi zambiri zimakhala mu nyerere. Mbalame, nkhandwe ndi nyama zina zakutchire m'nyengo yozizira zimang'amba milu ya nyerere kuti zipeze ziphuphu pamenepo - mphutsi zamkuwa.
Mbalame nthawi zambiri zimasakidwa ndi tizilombo tambiri, pakati pawo:
- kutsogolo kwakuda;
- jay;
- magpie;
- rook;
- jackdaw;
- wodzigudubuza;
- oriole.
Mwa mbozi za nyama, timadontho-timadontho, oimira banja la marten: ferrets, martens, weasels amatha kudya. Bronzes amatha kupita kukadya nkhomaliro, abuluzi kapena achule.
Tizilombo - scolias - ndizovulaza kwambiri nyongolotsi izi. Mzimayi wa hymenoptera uyu amalowetsa mbola yake mu mphonje ya bronze, koma osati monga choncho, koma pamalo apadera - malo am'mimba am'mimba, omwe amachititsa kuti tizilombo tiziyenda. Wopwetekedwa ndi scolia amakhalabe wamoyo koma wolumala. Chifukwa chake sichimawonongeka nthawi yayitali. Mavu oopsawa amayikira dzira pamimba pa mphutsi. Mphutsi zomwe zimaswa kuchokera pamenepo sizidya nyama yake nthawi yomweyo. Poyamba, ziwalo zosafunikira kwenikweni zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, pang'onopang'ono zimafikira dongosolo lamanjenje komanso kuzungulira kwa magazi, pamapeto pake zimazidyanso.
Adani a kachilomboka amatha kuphatikizanso munthu yemwe m'njira iliyonse yotetezera minda yake ndi dzanja, komanso mothandizidwa ndi chemistry amawononga kafadala okha, komanso nthawi yomweyo mphutsi, nthawi zambiri zimawasokoneza ndi mphutsi zina zofananira za Meyi kachilomboka.
Chowonadi chakuti ma bronzes safunika kukweza mapiko pakuwuluka kumawalola kuti achoke mwachangu kuzomera, kupewa kukumana ndi mdani.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Bronze wagolide
Mtundu wa tizilombo umenewu ndi wofala kwambiri padziko lonse ndipo suli pangozi, koma imatha kufa chifukwa cholimbana ndi tizilombo tina mothandizidwa ndi tizirombo. Zovulaza zoyambitsidwa ndi ma bronzes kuulimi ndizochepa, chifukwa mitengo yambiri yazipatso ndi mabulosi imazimiririka panthawi yomwe masamba amkuwa.
Mabedi a maluwa amakhudzidwa kwambiri. Anthu ena omwe amakhala kale m'nyengo yachikulire amatha kuwuluka kale ndipo amatha kuwononga maluwa, mphukira zazing'ono, ndi masamba. Akuluakulu akhoza kuwononga zokolola za mabulosi, mphesa, yamatcheri, yamatcheri okoma, raspberries.
Tizilomboti timapezeka paliponse ku Europe ndipo timapezeka pafupifupi kulikonse ku Asia, kupatula madera amchipululu. Mitunduyi siicheperako, ngakhale malinga ndi zomwe ena awona, m'malo omwe ali ndi bizinesi yotukuka, pakhoza kukhala kuphwanya kuchuluka kwa tizilombo (pali amuna ochulukirapo katatu), ndipo kukula kwake kumatha kukhala kocheperako pang'ono poyerekeza ndi kwa anthu omwe ali ndi machitidwe azachilengedwe.
Wokongola emerald wobiriwiramkuwa wagolide Nthawi zambiri zimawonongedwa ndi wamaluwa, ngakhale sizipweteketsa mbewu. Zochititsa chidwi zitha kupangidwa ndi moyo wa kachilombo kameneka ndi ana poyika kachilomboka mumtsuko waukulu wamagalasi kapena m'madzi. Maluwa, zipatso ndi msuzi wokoma amatha kupatsidwa ngati chakudya.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 04.04.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 19.09.2019 pa 13:29
