Pakati pa mbalame zambiri zomwe zimakhala padziko lapansi, ndizosatheka kunyalanyaza munthu wachifumu - mbalame yodabwitsa komanso yokongola modabwitsa flamingo... Tikangotchula dzina ili, chithunzi chowoneka bwino chikuwoneka pamaso pathu, chizindikiro cha chisomo ndi chisomo. Koma chinthu chachikulu chomwe timadziwa za zolengedwa izi ndi mtundu wapadera wa nthenga zawo. Akuluakulu, amasintha kutengera mtundu - kuchokera ku pinki wotumbululuka mpaka kufiira.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Flamingo
Mbiri ya komwe oimira zinyama zapadziko lapansi pano ali ndi zaka zopitilira 30 miliyoni. Dziko lakwawo la ma flamingo amakono amadziwika kuti ndi madera otentha, ngakhale otentha - Asia ndi Africa. Komabe, komwe kuli zotsalira zawo kumakhudzanso zigawo za South ndi North America ndi Europe.
Chifukwa cha kukongola kwawo kwachilengedwe, chisomo ndi utoto wodabwitsa, ma flamingo akhala akopedwa ndi anthu kwanthawi yayitali, amakhala ngwazi zanthano ndipo amapatsidwa zinthu zamatsenga. Aigupto akale amalemekeza mbalamezi ngati mbalame zopatulika, amawapembedza, amabweretsa mphatso ndikulota za kukwaniritsidwa kwa zokhumba, ndikukhulupirira mphamvu zawo zozizwitsa. Ndipo, panjira, amawonedwa ngati "mbalame zam'bandakucha", osati "kulowa kwa dzuwa", momwe imayimbidwira munyimbo yotchuka.
Kanema: Flamingo
Dzinalo "flamingo" lachokera ku liwu lachi Latin "flamma", lomwe limatanthauza "moto". Konsonanti kameneka kanalola anthu kukhulupirira kuti mbalame yopeka ya phoenix, yoyaka ndikubadwanso phulusa, idapeza mawonekedwe ake enieni mwa nthumwi yonyaditsa ya nthenga yomwe ili ndi nthenga "zamoto".
Komabe, zenizeni, zonse zimawoneka ngati zodzikongoletsa kwambiri. Mwamaonekedwe, ma flamingo ndi ofanana ndi oimira akakolo - cranes kapena heron, koma siogwirizana nawo mwalamulo.
Chosangalatsa: achibale apafupi kwambiri a flamingo ndi atsekwe.
Inde ndendende. Okhazikitsa nyama zakutchire amaika ma flamingo motsatira dongosolo la anseriformes mpaka akatswiri akawapatsa gulu lapadera - ma flamingo.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Flamingo mbalame
Maonekedwe a nthumwi iliyonse yanyama amatsimikizika, monga lamulo, ndizodziwika bwino za moyo ndi malo okhala. Ma Flamingo nawonso.
Chilengedwe chapatsa mbalame izi zonse zofunikira kuti zizikhala mosangalala mikhalidwe yodziwika:
- Miyendo yayitali yolimba yoyenda m'madzi osaya;
- Khosi lalitali posaka chakudya mosavuta;
- Zoluka pawebusayiti kuti musadziphatike m'matope am'madzi;
- Mlomo wolimba wokhotakhota wokhala ndi mapiko osanjikana kuti uchepetse chakudya;
- Mapiko opanga ndege ku madera otentha komanso kumalo azakudya.
Flamingo ndi malo okhala madambo. Imalemera pafupifupi 3.5-4.5 kg, koma pali onse akulu ndi ang'onoang'ono. Kukula - pafupifupi masentimita 90-120. Thupi limazunguliridwa, kumathera mchira waufupi. Imakhala ndi mutu woyenera kwambiri wa mbalame yayitali kwambiri yamiyendo yayitali komanso yayitali kwambiri padziko lapansi (mokhudzana ndi kukula kwa thupi).
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: khosi la flamingo nthawi zambiri limakhala lopindika, koma ngati litambasulidwa molunjika, likhala lofanana ndi kutalika kwa miyendo.
Flamingo ili ndi mapiko ang'onoang'ono. Kuti akwelele mlengalenga, amayenera kunyamuka nthawi yayitali, ndikuti thupi lake liziuluka, nthawi zambiri amawombera mapiko ake. Pouluka, mbalameyi siipinda khosi ndi miyendo, koma ikutambasula mzere umodzi. Ntchentche mothamanga, bwino komanso mwaulemu.
Nthenga za flamingo ndi zoyera, zapinki kapena zofiira. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, mamembala onse amtunduwu amabadwa oyera. Mtundu wokwanira wa malaya amtunduwu umadalira zakudya, zomwe ndi kuchuluka kwa carotene womwe umapezeka mchakudya. Zowonjezera, thupi la flamingo limatulutsa mtundu wa astaxanthin pigment, ndipo utoto wake umawala kwambiri.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: mosiyana ndi nthenga zambiri za nyama zakutchire, akazi ndi amuna a ma flamingo ndi omwewo.
Gulu limaphatikizapo mitundu iyi ya ma flamingo:
- Pinki (wamba);
- Chofiira (Caribbean);
- Flamingo James;
- Chile;
- Andean;
- Zing'onozing'ono.
Choyimira chachikulu cha mitunduyo ndi pinki (wamba) ya flamingo. Kulemera kwake kumapitilira 4 kg, ndipo kutalika kwake kumafika masentimita 140. Ndipo flamingo yocheperako, mwachiwonekere, ndi yaying'ono kwambiri mwa madongosolo a flamingo. Imalemera pafupifupi theka la kukula kwa mnzake wapinki (wamba) ndipo sikukula motalika kuposa 90 cm.
Kodi ma flamingo amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Pink Flamingo
Ma Flamingo sakhala okha. Amasonkhana m'magulu akuluakulu, otchedwa madera, ndikukhala m'malo oyandikana ndi magombe amadzi osaya kapena madambo. Ndi ma thermophilic ndipo amakonda kukhazikika m'malo omwe muli chakudya chokwanira ndipo palibe chifukwa chopita pandege zazitali pofunafuna chakudya.
Chosangalatsa: madera ena a flamingo ali ndi anthu opitilira 100 zikwi.
Mitundu yayikulu kwambiri ya mbalameyi idakalipo, monga zaka mamiliyoni zapitazo, idawonedwa kumwera chakum'mawa ndi Central madera a Asia ndi ku Africa. Komabe, ma flamingo ndi madera ena ambiri adasankhidwa, oyenera kukhalapo bwino.
Mwachitsanzo, chiwombankhanga cha pinki (chofala) kumadera akumwera kwa Spain ndi France, ku India ndi Kazakhstan. Izi ndi mitundu yokhayo yomwe imapanga maulendo ataliatali, ndipo pakusamuka imatha kupatuka kwambiri pamsewu, kukathera kumadera akumpoto - kufupi ndi St. Petersburg kapena ku Nyanja ya Baikal.
Zofanana kwambiri ndi flamingo wamba - mitundu yaku Chile - amakhala m'malo otentha komanso otentha a ku South America Andes. Ndipo pazilumba za Nyanja ya Caribbean zokongola kwambiri, zowala kwambiri, chisa cha flamingo chofiira (Caribbean).
Pamwamba pamapiri, m'malo amchere zamchere ndi zamchere, zomwe zili pamtunda wa 4,000 metres pamwamba pa nyanja, Flamingo wa Andes amakhala. Ndipo msuwani wake wam'mapiri, James 'flamingo, mpaka pano adawonedwa ngati nyama zomwe zatha, mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka zapitazi malo ake osowa zachilengedwe adapezeka ku Bolivia, pa Nyanja ya Colorado. Tsopano wasankha madera a mapiri a Andes ku Peru, Bolivia, Chile ndi Argentina, koma akadali mitundu yovuta kwambiri ya ma flamingo.
Ndipo kunyanja zamchere zaku Africa, mutha kuwona madera angapo oimira mbalame zochepa kwambiri za "moto" - mbalame zazing'ono kwambiri.
Kodi flamingo amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Flamingo yokongola
Chakudya ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri m'moyo wa flamingo. Osati kokha chifukwa chakuti chakudya chimapatsa mphamvu zofunikira pamoyo wathu wonse. Ntchito yawo yayikulu imadalira mtundu wake - kuwala kwa nthenga. Zakudya za flamingo sizosiyana kwambiri.
Nthawi zambiri, amapangidwa ndi anthu okhala m'madzi osaya:
- Ma crustaceans ang'ono;
- Zamasamba;
- Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda;
- Nyongolotsi;
- Nkhono.
Flamingo ndi mbalame yayikulu, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti imafunikira chakudya chambiri. Pali zamoyo zambiri zam'madzi m'mchere zamchere, zimangogwiritsa ntchito luso lachilengedwe. Kugwidwa kwa chakudya kumachitika mothandizidwa ndi mulomo wokulirapo komanso wamphamvu. Pofuna kugwiritsitsa chakudya, flamingo amapotoza khosi lake kuti pamwamba pamlomo pake pakhale pansi. Kutunga madzi ndikutseka milomo, flamingo imakankhira madzi kunja, ngati kuti "imasefa" kudzera m'mano omwe ali m'mphepete mwa mlomo, ndipo chakudya chotsalira mkamwa chimameza.
Ponena za funso lokhudza momwe zakudya zimakhudzira mtundu wa flamingo, ziyenera kudziwika kuti mtundu wa canthaxanthin, womwe umapatsa nthenga zawo mtundu wa pinki, umapezeka wambiri mumtundu wa buluu wobiriwira komanso diatom algae wambiri, womwe umafunikiranso kuti uziteteze ku kuwala dzuwa. Algae omwewo amadyetsa timadzi tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala ndi ma crustaceans, omwe amakhalanso ndi mtundu wowala wonyezimira, kenako, kudya nkhomaliro ndi ma flamingo, amachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa mitundu m'thupi lawo.
Flamingo ndizovuta kwambiri. Masana, munthu aliyense amadya chakudya chochuluka, pafupifupi chofanana ndi kotala la kulemera kwake. Ndipo popeza madera a mbalame ndi akulu mokwanira, zochita zawo zitha kufananizidwa ndi malo enieni okonzera ndi kuyeretsa madzi.
Chosangalatsa: Akuti pafupifupi avareji ya ma pinki a pinki amatha kudya matani 145 patsiku.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma flamingo imadya mosiyanasiyana. Zonse ndizokhudza mamangidwe amlomo. Mwachitsanzo, mawonekedwe a mulomo wa ma Chilean kapena ma flamingo wamba amakulolani kusunga pakamwa panu makamaka zinthu zazikulu, makamaka ma crustaceans. Ndipo mbalame zazing'ono zotchedwa flamingo zomwe zimakhala ku Africa zili ndi mlomo wawung'ono wokhala ndi "fyuluta" yopyapyala yomwe imatha kusefa ndendende.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Flamingo nyama
Mwa mitundu yonse ya ma flamingo, ma flamingo apinki (wamba) ndi magulu amitundu ina omwe amakhala kumadera akumpoto ndiwo amasamukira. Omwe amakhala kumwera sayenera kuwuluka nthawi yozizira. M'dera labwino momwe zisa zawo zili, pali kutentha ndi chakudya chokwanira.
Madamu a Flamingo amasankhidwa makamaka ndi madzi amchere. Momwemo - ngati kulibe nsomba, koma zamoyo za planktonic ndizochuluka.
Nyanja zamchere ndi zamchere ndimalo okhala mwamakani. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa chakupezeka m'madzi ochuluka a ndowe za mbalame, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timapangidwamo, tomwe timatha kuyambitsa mitundu yotupa. Koma khungu la miyendo ya flamingo ndilolimba kwambiri ndipo limawateteza ku zotsatira zoyipa.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: ma flamingo amayang'anira kayendedwe ka ukhondo: nthawi ndi nthawi amapita kukapeza madzi amadzi abwino kuti azitsuka mchere ndi alkali kuchokera kwa iwo ndikuthetsa ludzu lawo.
Ma Flamingo amatanganidwa kwambiri ndi ntchito yopezera ndi kuyamwa chakudya kotero kuti zimawoneka ngati sasamala za china chilichonse padziko lapansi. Sakhala owonetsa nkhanza, amakhalidwe abwino ndipo sasintha machitidwe m'miyoyo yawo yonse.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Chick flamingo
Chisa cha Flamingo m'midzi imagawika m'magulu osiyana, lililonse limakhala ndi nthawi yolumikizana ndi mazira. Khalidwe la mbalamezi limakhala ndi mitundu yosavuta.
Nthawi yakukhwima ya ma flamingo imayamba ndi chida chakuwonetsera kwakukula. Izi zimachitika pafupifupi masabata 8-10 isanafike kukaikira mazira. Ma Flamingo amawonetsa kukwiya kwina, kuyesetsa kutenga malo opindulitsa kwambiri pakati pa abale awo pamasewera okwatirana.
Pakapangidwa awiriawiri, chachimuna ndi chachikazi chimakhala chimodzi. Amatetezana pomenyana, amachita zinthu zofananira, amakhala pafupi wina ndi mnzake komanso amafuula! Nthawi zambiri, maanja amakhala ndi zibwenzi kwazaka zambiri, ndikukhala banja lenileni.
Nthawi yoikira mazira mu flamingo imawonjezedwa nthawi ndipo imatha kuyambira koyambirira kwa Meyi mpaka pakati pa Julayi. Nthawi zambiri, mbalame zimakhazikitsa zisa m'madzi osaya, mokhalamo kwawo. Mwala wa nkhono, dongo, silt, matope amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zisa. Koma anthu ena amakonda kupanga chisa pamiyala kapena kuyikira mazira awo mumchenga popanda kupindika.
Kawirikawiri mu clutch mumakhala mazira 1-3 (nthawi zambiri 2), omwe amasakanizidwa ndi akazi ndi abambo. Pakatha pafupifupi mwezi umodzi, anapiye amabadwa. Amabadwa ndi nthenga zotuwa komanso mulomo wolunjika. Anapiyewo amayamba kukhala ndi zinthu ngati flamingo ali ndi zaka ziwiri ndi theka. Ali ndi molt wawo woyamba, mlomo uyamba kupindika.
M'miyezi iwiri yoyambirira yamoyo, makanda amadyetsedwa ndi makolo. Amatulutsa zotchedwa "mkaka wa mbalame" - chinsinsi chapadera chomwe chimabisidwa ndi tiziwalo tina tomwe timapezeka mum'mero. Lili ndi mafuta ambiri, mapuloteni, magazi ena ndi plankton.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: "mkaka wa mbalame" wodyetsa anapiye obadwa kumene a flamingo amapangidwa osati ndi akazi okha, komanso amuna.
Pambuyo pa miyezi 2-3, ma flamingo achichepere omwe adakhwima kale amasulidwa ku chisamaliro cha makolo, kuyima pamapiko ndikuyamba kudzipezera chakudya chawo.
Adani achilengedwe a flamingo
Chithunzi: Flamingo mbalame
Madera a Flamingo, masauzande ndi masauzande a anthu, ndi "malo odyetsera" okongola nyama zambiri. Kudzikundikira kotere kwa nyama pamalo amodzi ndichinsinsi cha kusaka kopambana.
Flamingo ali ndi adani amtchire mofanana ndi mbalame zambiri. Izi ndi, choyambirira, mbalame zazikulu zodya nyama - ziwombankhanga, nkhandwe, ma kite - omwe amasaka makamaka anapiye ndi nyama zazing'ono ndikuwononga zisa kuti azisangalala ndi mazira omwe adaikira. Komabe, maanja a flamingo ndiotetezera abwino ndipo nthawi zonse amagwirira ntchito limodzi. Kuphatikiza apo, munthawi yodzala m'mudzimo, kuthandizana kumakhala kolimba kwambiri, pamene mbalame zimathamangira kudzitchinjiriza osati zawo zokha, komanso mikangano ya anthu ena ndi ana amtsogolo.
Nyama zakutchire zimasakanso mbalamezi. Mimbulu, nkhandwe, mimbulu imapeza nyama yawo kukhala yokoma kwambiri, ndipo mbalame zomwezo zimaonedwa ngati nyama yosavuta kudya. Ndikokwanira kuyenda mosadukiza m'madzi osaya pafupi ndi gulu la anthu angapo ndikugwira mbalame yomwe idasowa ndipo sinakhale ndi nthawi yoti inyamuke. Nthawi zambiri, nyama zolusa zimakhazikika pafupi ndi magulu awo kuti azipeza chakudya.
Ziwombankhanga m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku zimakhala zoseketsa, mikhalidwe yolimbana imadzuka mwa iwo munthawi yokhwima komanso nthawi yogona, chifukwa chake, ngakhale kuswana mwakhama, madera a mbalame amavutika kwambiri chifukwa chakusaka kosalekeza kwa iwo.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Great Flamingo
Komabe, nyama zouma zokhala pansi kapena zamapiko sizowopseza kwambiri ma flamingo. Padziko lonse lapansi, kuchuluka kwa mbalamezi kumachepa, ndipo chifukwa cha izi sizosankha mwachilengedwe, koma kuwononga kwa munthu.
Nthenga zapadera za flamingo zimabweretsa anthu osati zokongoletsa zokha, komanso ndalama zakuthupi zowoneka. Osaka nyama amawagwira ndikuwaponya mbalame zochuluka kwambiri kuti agwiritse ntchito nthenga zawo ngati zodzikongoletsera ndi zokumbutsa.
Nyama ya Flamingo sinakonde anthu, koma mazira amawerengedwa kuti ndi chakudya chenicheni ndipo amatumizidwa m'malesitilanti okwera mtengo kwambiri. Pofuna kuseketsa okonda zachilendo ndikupeza ndalama zochulukirapo, anthu mwankhanza amawononga zisa za ma flamingo ndikuthira m'manja.
Kupita patsogolo kwaumisiri kumathandiza kwambiri kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mbalame zokongolazi. Munthu akuyang'ana madera atsopano, akumanga mabizinesi amakampani, akuyika misewu yayikulu, osasamala kuti akulowa m'malo achilengedwe achilengedwe. Flamingo akukakamizika kusiya nyumba zawo ndikufunafuna madera ena oti azikhalamo ndi kuswana. Ndipo pali malo owerengeka ochepa padziko lapansi lathuli.
Kuwonongeka kosapeweka kwa chilengedwe - mpweya, nthaka, matupi amadzi - sizingachitike koma zimakhudza moyo wa mbalame. Amakumana ndi zovuta zoyipa izi, amadwala, amasowa chakudya chokwanira chokwanira ndipo, chifukwa chake, amafa ambiri.
Mlonda wa Flamingo
Chithunzi: Flamingo Red Book
Kalelo pakati pa zaka zana zapitazi, mbalame zotchedwa James flamingo zinkaonedwa kuti zatha. Koma mu 1957, asayansi adapeza anthu ochepa ku Bolivia. Njira zotetezera zidapangidwa, ndipo lero kuchuluka kwa mbalamezi kwawonjezeka mpaka anthu 50,000. Chiwerengero cha ma flamingo a Andes ali ndi chiwerengero chofanana. Ngati mbalame sizitetezedwa ndipo palibe chilichonse chomwe chingachitike kuti ziwonjezeke, ndiye kuti posachedwa mitundu yonse iwiri ili pachiwopsezo chotha.
Mothandizidwa ndi zinthu zosavomerezeka, kuchuluka kwa mitundu yotchuka kwambiri, pinki (wamba) ya flamingo, imachepetsanso.Zonsezi zidapangitsa kuti mbalamezi ziphatikizidwe pamndandanda wazosamalira, kuphatikiza Red Book of Russia.
Ma Flamingo ndi amodzi mwazomwe zimayimira mbalame zomwe zimakhala padziko lapansi. Ndiwothandizana nawo mokhulupirika, makolo osamala komanso oteteza odalirika kwa abale awo. Madera awo akhalapo kuyambira kalekale mogwirizana ndi dziko lozungulira ndipo sizimavulaza anthu.
Ngati mumalemekeza moyo wawo, tetezani malo awo ndikuwateteza ku zovuta za ufulu wa olimba, anthu adzapatsidwa mphotho yakupezeka m'chilengedwe cha cholengedwa chapadera, mwiniwake wa nthenga zodabwitsa, "mbalame yam'bandakucha" - mbalame yokoma mtima komanso yokongola flamingo.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 07.04.2019
Tsiku losintha: 19.09.2019 nthawi 15:39
