Nkhandwe ndi nyama ya m'banja la canine. Pali mitundu yambiri ya nkhandwe m'chilengedwe. Koma chimodzimodzi nkhandwe yamakutu akulu amadziwika ngati mtundu wapadera komanso wosowa kwambiri. Mtundu uwu umatchedwa choncho chifukwa oimirawo ali ndi makutu ataliatali, otalikirana, omwe amafika mpaka masentimita 15.
Dzina la mtundu uwu, lotanthauziridwa kuchokera ku Greek kupita ku Russian, limatanthauza "galu wamkulu, wamakona akulu". M'mayiko ambiri mu Africa, nyamayo imawerengedwa kuti ndi yolusa komanso yowopseza ziweto zazing'ono, m'malo ena imasungidwa ngati chiweto.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Nkhandwe yamakutu akulu
Nkhandwe yamakutu akulu ndi ya zolengedwa zoyamwitsa, ndi nthumwi ya dongosolo la nyama zanyama, banja la canine, limaperekedwa ku mtundu ndi mitundu ya nkhandwe yayikulu.
Ankhandwe okhala ndi makutu akulu, monga ena oimira banja la canine, adachokera ku ma myacids kumapeto kwa Paleocene, pafupifupi zaka 50 miliyoni zapitazo. Pambuyo pake, banja la canine lidagawika m'magulu awiri: ma canids ndi fining. Agogo akale a nkhandwe zazikulu zamakutu, monga ankhandwe ena, anali wolosera. Zotsalira zake zidapezeka kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa Texas masiku ano.
Kanema: Nkhandwe yamakutu akulu
Kafukufuku wa kholo lakale la nkhandweyo awonetsa kuti anali ndi thupi lokulirapo komanso miyendo yayitali. Pakusintha, chilombocho chasintha. Idagawika m'magulu angapo, imodzi mwa nkhandwe zazikulu. Chifukwa cha nyengo yapadera m'dera lawo komanso kuchepa kwa chakudya, nyama zamtunduwu zidasintha kuti zizidyetsa tizilombo.
Ankhandwe okhala ndi makutu akulu amafunika chiswe kuti adyetse okha, ndipo makutu akuluakulu omwe amatha kugwira kayendedwe kakang'ono ka tizilombo ngakhale pansi panthaka amawathandiza posaka. Malongosoledwe oyamba amtunduwu adapangidwa ndi wofufuza waku France - katswiri wazanyama Anselm Demare mu 1822.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Nkhandwe yayikulu
Kunja, imafanana kwambiri ndi nkhandwe komanso agalu amphaka. Nkhandwe ili ndi malamulo osalimba komanso miyendo yayifupi, yopyapyala. Miyendo yakutsogolo ndi yachisanu, miyendo yakumbuyo ndi yachinayi. Zotsogola zimakhala ndi zikhadabo zazitali, zakuthwa, zotalika masentimita awiri ndi theka m'litali. Zimagwira ngati chida chokumba.
Mphuno ya nyama ndi yaying'ono, yosongoka, yolumikizidwa. Pamaso pali mawonekedwe ozungulira, owonekera akuda. Iye wavala mtundu wina wa chigoba chopangidwa ndi ubweya wakuda, pafupifupi wakuda. Makutu ndi ziwalo ndizofanana. Makutuwo ndi akulu, amakona atatu, ocheperako pang'ono m'mphepete mwake. Nkhandwe ikawapinda, imaphimba mutu wonse wa nyama mosavuta. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikumakutu kuti mitsempha yambiri yamagazi imalimbikitsidwa, yomwe imapulumutsa nkhandwe kuti isatenthedwe kwambiri chifukwa cha kutentha kwakukulu komanso kutentha kwa ku Africa.
Nkhandwe yamakutu akulu ilibe nsagwada zolimba, zamphamvu kapena mano akulu. Ali ndi mano 48, kuphatikiza mano anayi ndi mizu. Mano ndi ochepa, koma chifukwa cha nsagwada, chinyama chimatha kutafuna chakudya nthawi yomweyo komanso mochuluka.
Kutalika kwa thupi la munthu wamkulu kumafika theka la mita. Kutalika kwa kufota sikudutsa masentimita makumi anayi. Kulemera kwa thupi kumasiyana pakati pa 4-7 kilogalamu. Zoyipa zakugonana zimawonetsedwa mopanda tanthauzo. Mitunduyi imakhala ndi mchira wautali, wofewa. Kutalika kwake kumakhala kofanana ndi kutalika kwa thupi ndipo kuli masentimita 30-40. Nsonga ya mchira nthawi zambiri imakhala ngati burashi yakuda yakuda.
Mtundu wa nyama nawonso si wofanana ndi nkhandwe zambiri. Ili ndi utoto wachikaso, imatha kukhala ndi utoto wonyezimira. Miyendo ndi yakuda bulauni, kapena yakuda, khosi ndi pamimba ndizonyezimira, zoyera.
Kodi nkhandwe yakuthwa kwambiri imakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Nkhandwe yakuthwa ku Africa
Ankhandwe okhala ndi makutu akulu amakhala makamaka m'maiko otentha okhala ndi nyengo youma mkati mwa kontinenti ya Africa. Amakhala m'misasa, madera olowa, omwe pali madera azitsamba zazitali, udzu, nkhalango zowala. Ndizofunikira kuti nyama zizitha kubisala padzuwa lotentha komanso kutentha, komanso kubisala kuthamangitsidwa ndi adani.
Malo okhala nkhandwe zazikulu
- SOUTH AFRICA;
- Namibia;
- Botswana;
- Swaziland;
- Zimbabwe;
- Lisoto;
- Zambia;
- Angola;
- Mozambique;
- Sudan;
- Kenya;
- Somalia;
- Eritrea;
- Tanzania;
- Uganda;
- Ethiopia;
- Malawi.
Pokhala ndi nkhandwe zazikuluzikulu, kutalika kwa zomera sikuyenera kupitirira masentimita 25-30. Kupanda kutero, sangapeze chakudya chokwanira ndi tizilombo kuchokera pansi. Ngati mdera mulibe chakudya chokwanira, amayang'ana malo ena omwe ndingadzidyetse mosavuta.
Gwiritsani ntchito burrow ngati malo okhala. Komabe, si zachilendo kuti mayiniwa azikumba okha malo okhala. Amagwiritsa ntchito mabowo omwe akumbidwa ndi nthumwi zina zanyama, koma pazifukwa zina sikukhalamo. Nthawi zambiri masana, makamaka masana, amabisala m'maenje ozizira. Nthawi zambiri, amagwiritsa ntchito maenje obisalira, omwe amadzipangira okha nyumba pafupifupi tsiku lililonse.
Chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa chiswe, nkhandwe zokhala ndi makutu akulu zimagawika m'magulu awiri. Mmodzi wa iwo amakhala kum'mawa kwa kontinenti ya Africa kuchokera ku Sudan mpaka pakati pa Tanzania, wachiwiri - kumwera kwake kuchokera ku Republic of South Africa kupita ku Angola.
Kodi nkhandwe yamakutu akulu idya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Nkhandwe yamakutu akulu
Ngakhale kuti nkhandwe zokhala ndi makutu akulu kwambiri ndi nyama zolusa, gwero lalikulu la chakudya chawo sizinyama ayi. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti amadyetsa tizilombo. Chakudya chomwe amakonda kwambiri ndi chiswe.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti. Mmodzi wamkulu amadya chiswe pafupifupi 1.2 miliyoni pachaka.
Zilondazi zili ndi mano 48. Ngakhale izi, kulimba kwa nsagwada zawo ndikotsika kwambiri kuposa kulimba kwa nsagwada za zolusa zina. Izi ndichifukwa choti siosaka, ndipo safunikira kudya nyama, kugwiritsitsa nyama yawo ndikugawa magawo. M'malo mwake, chilengedwe chawapatsa kuthekera kotafuna chakudya pafupifupi liwiro la mphezi. Inde, kukhutitsa nyama kumafunikira tizilombo tambiri.
Nyamayo imagwiritsa ntchito makutu ake kufunafuna chakudya. Amatha kutola phokoso laling'ono kwambiri la tizilombo timayenda ngakhale mobisa. Pogwira mawu, nyama imafukula pansi ndi liwiro la mphezi ndi zikhadabo zamphamvu, zazitali ndikudya tizilombo.
Kodi chakudya chimachokera kuti:
- Chiswe;
- Zipatso;
- Yowutsa mudyo, mphukira zazing'ono zazomera;
- Mizu;
- Mphutsi;
- Tizilombo, kafadala;
- Njuchi;
- Akangaude;
- Zinkhanira;
- Abuluzi;
- Nyama zazing'ono.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti. Ndizotsimikizika mwasayansi kuti oimira awa a banja la canine ndi dzino lokoma. Amasangalala kudya uchi wochokera kutchire komanso zipatso zotsekemera, zowutsa mudyo. Pamaso pazinthu zoterezi, amatha kuzidya zokha kwa nthawi yayitali.
M'mbiri yonse yakukhalamo kwa nzika zaku Africa, palibe mlandu ngakhale m'modzi wokhudza ziweto zomwe zalembedwa. Izi zikutsimikizira kuti iwo sali osaka. Ankhandwe samabwera kumalo othirira, popeza kufunika kwa chinyezi kumaphimbidwa ndi kudya zipatso ndi mitundu ina ya zakudya zowutsa mudyo zochokera kuzomera.
Amapita kukafunafuna chakudya makamaka mumdima chifukwa chakutentha kwakukulu. Pofunafuna chakudya, amatha kuyenda maulendo ataliatali - makilomita 13-14 usiku.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Nkhandwe yamakutu akulu ochokera ku Africa
Oimira banja la canine amakhala moyo wosamukasamuka, woyendayenda. Amazolowera gawo kutengera kuchuluka kwa chakudya. Ikatopa, amapita kumalo ena.
Ankhandwe mwachibadwa amakhala amodzi. Amuna amasankha akazi omwe amakhala nawo moyo wawo wonse. Mabanja amakhala limodzi mumkhola womwewo, amagona limodzi, amathandizana kusamalira ubweya, kuusunga bwino. Nthawi zina amuna amakhala ndi akazi awiri nthawi imodzi, ndikupanga mtundu wa azimayi.
Nthawi zambiri, amatha kukhala pagulu. Banja lililonse kapena gulu lili ndi komwe limakhala, komwe kuli mahekitala 70-80. Sichachilendo kwa iwo kuti adziwe gawo lawo ndikuteteza ufulu wakukhalamo.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti. Mwachilengedwe, nkhandwe zazikuluzikulu zimawerengedwa ngati nyama zopanda mawu, koma zimakonda kulumikizana kudzera pakupanga mawu. Amatha kupanga mayendedwe amitundu isanu ndi inayi yosiyanasiyana. Asanu ndi awiri mwa iwo ndi otsika, ndipo adapangidwa kuti azitha kulumikizana ndi obadwa nawo, awiri ndi okwera kwambiri ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizana ndi omwe akupikisana nawo komanso omwe akupikisana nawo.
Ngati nyamazo sizingapeze bowo laulere, zimakumba zawozawo. Komabe, amafanana ndi labyrinths yeniyeni yokhala ndi zolowera zingapo komanso zotuluka, maholo angapo. Ngati zolusa zikwanitsa kupeza dzenje, nkhandweyo mwachangu imachoka pogona pake ndikudzipangira ina yatsopano, yosavuta komanso yayikulu.
Ngati nkhandwe itayamba kufunidwa ndi chilombo, imayamba kuthawa mwadzidzidzi, imalowa m'mitengo yaudzu kapena tchire, kenako imasintha njira yake ndi liwiro la mphezi, ikutembenukira kumodzi kwa miyendo yawo yakutsogolo. Kuyendetsa uku kumakupatsani mwayi wothamanga komanso kuyenda pansi pamadzi osadziwika mu imodzi mwazambiri zomwe mwathawira. Imakhalanso ndi nyama kuti isokoneze adani, ndikubwerera mmbuyo.
Zochita za tsiku ndi tsiku zimadalira nyengo. Kutentha ndi kutentha kwakukulu kumagwira ntchito mumdima, m'nyengo yozizira kumakhala kotentha masana.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Nkhandwe yamakutu akulu
Ankhandwe okhala ndi matupi akulu mwachibadwa amakhala amodzi okhaokha, ndipo amakhala ndi mkazi yemweyo moyo wawo wonse. Komabe, pamakhala milandu pomwe amuna amasankha akazi awiri ndikukhala nawo. Kuphatikiza apo, amakhala mwamtendere wina ndi mnzake, amathandizira kusamalira ana.
Kutentha kwa mkazi kumatenga nthawi yayifupi kwambiri - tsiku limodzi lokha. Ndi munthawi yochepa yomwe anthu amatha kukwatirana mpaka khumi. Ana a nkhandwe amabadwa kamodzi pachaka. Nthawi yobereka imatenga masiku 60-70. Ana amabadwa nthawi yomwe mvula ili m'chigawo cha Africa, ndipo tizilombo tambiri timadziwika, zomwe ndizofunikira kudyetsa akazi ndi ana.
Nthawi zambiri mwana mmodzi kapena asanu amabadwa. Amuna amatenga nawo mbali powasamalira. Iye amayang'anira dzenje, amawapezera chakudya, komanso amawathandiza kusamalira ubweyawo. Ngati pali akazi awiri, wachiwiri amathandizanso kudyetsa ndi kuwasamalira. Amabadwa akhungu, amaliseche komanso osowa chochita. Mkaziyo ali ndi mawere anayi okha, chifukwa chake mwakuthupi sangathe kudyetsa ana ambiri. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala zochitika pamene iye amapha ana ofooka komanso osavomerezeka.
Masomphenya amapezeka nkhandwe tsiku lachisanu ndi chinayi - lakhumi. Patatha milungu iwiri, achoka pakhomolo ndikufufuza malo apafupi. Pakadali pano, thupi lanyama limaphimbidwa ndi imvi. Ankhandwe amadya mkaka wa mayi mpaka milungu 15. Pambuyo pake, amasinthiratu ku zakudya zomwe anthu ambiri amadya. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono amaphunzira kudzipezera chakudya chawo. Nthawi yotha msinkhu imayamba kuyambira miyezi 7-8. Nthawi zina, akazi achichepere amakhalabe mgululi.
Adani achilengedwe a nkhandwe zazikulu
Chithunzi: Nkhandwe zazikulu za ku Africa
Mwachilengedwe, adani a woimira banja la canine ndi awa:
- Python;
- Cheetah;
- Agalu amtchire aku Africa;
- Afisi;
- Mikango;
- Akambuku;
- Nkhandwe;
- Munthu.
Choopsa chachikulu kwa anthu ndi amuna, chifukwa amapha nyama mwachangu kuti apeze nyama, komanso ubweya wamtengo wapatali wanyama yosawerengeka. Ankhandwe okhala ndi makutu akuthwa amawonongedwa mwaunyinji. Omwe amatha kuwonongedwa kwambiri ndi achinyamata, omwe amakhala kwakanthawi osayang'aniridwa ndi achikulire. Amasakidwa osati ndi zilombo zazikulu zokha, komanso mbalame.
Amachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa matenda azinyama monga chiwewe. Ankhandwe okhala ndi makutu akulu, monga zipilala zina, amatha kutenga matendawa. Chaka chilichonse, pafupifupi kotala la anthu omwe amapezeka m'derali amafa chifukwa chaichi.
Achifwamba ambiri awononga nyama, kuwonjezera pa iwo, mbadwa ndi mayiko ena a ku Africa amasaka nkhandwe. Ubweya umafunidwa kwambiri ndipo umakhala wamtengo wapatali, ndipo nyama imawerengedwa kuti ndi chakudya chokoma kwenikweni m'malo ogulitsira.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Nkhandwe yamakutu akulu
Masiku ano, kuchuluka kwa nyama kwachepa kwambiri. Ofufuzawo - akatswiri a zooology akuti saopsezedwa kuti atheratu. Pachifukwa ichi, iwo sanaphatikizidwe mu Red Book ndipo kuwasaka sikuletsedwa pamalamulo.
Kalelo, ziweto zinali zambirimbiri kumadera akum'maŵa ndi akumwera kwa Africa. Komabe, lero awonongedwa kwambiri m'malo ambiri. Mwa ena mwa iwo pali chiwopsezo chakusowa kwawo kwathunthu.
Komabe, akatswiri a zooge akuti ndikukula kwa malo olimapo, malo odyetserako udzu akuchulukirachulukira, zomwe zakulitsa malo ogawa chakudya cha nkhandwe - chiswe. Pachifukwa ichi, m'malo amenewa, nkhandwe zazikuluzikulu zakula mpaka anthu 25-27 pa kilomita imodzi. Chiwerengerochi ndichofala kumadera ena akumayiko aku South Africa.
M'madera ena, kuchuluka kwa oimira banja la canine ndikotsika kwambiri - kuchokera 1 mpaka 7 pa kilomita imodzi. Ofufuzawo akuti chowopsa chachikulu ndikuwonongeka kwa cholumikizira chofunikira kwambiri m'chilengedwe, chomwe, ngati chiwonongedweratu, sichingathe kukonzanso. Komanso kuchepa kwa nkhandwe, chiswe chimakula kwambiri, zomwe zimawopseza anthu am'deralo.
Nkhandwe yamakutu akulu ndi nyama yokongola komanso yosangalatsa. Komabe, chifukwa cha ntchito za anthu, kuchuluka kwake m'chilengedwe kumachepa kwambiri. Ngati simukutenga nthawi kuti musunge ndikubwezeretsa kuchuluka kwa anthu, mutha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zosasinthika.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 02.04.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 19.09.2019 pa 12:41
