Mink - "mfumukazi" pakati pa nyama zobala ubweya. Anapeza kutchuka kwambiri, ntchito yake chifukwa cha ubweya wokongola, wotentha komanso wamtengo wapatali. Nyama imeneyi imadziwika padziko lonse lapansi. Posachedwa, anthu adatha kuzindikira mmenemo osati ubweya wokongola zokha, komanso chithumwa chachikulu chachilengedwe. Posachedwa, mink ikukula kwambiri kukhala chiweto.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Mink
Mink ndi kanyama kakang'ono kokhala ndi tsitsi losalala, makamaka la bulauni. Ndiwofunika kwambiri m'banja la a mustelids ndipo ndi wa nyama zodya nyama. Kutalika, chinyama ichi sichipitilira masentimita makumi asanu, pomwe mchira umodzi wokha umatenga pafupifupi masentimita khumi ndi asanu.
Pali mitundu iwiri ya mink kuthengo:
- Mzungu;
- Wachimereka.
Mitundu iyi ya mink imakhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyana ndi mawonekedwe ake, koma ndi ochepa. Chifukwa cha chisinthiko, malo omwewo, nyama izi zapeza kufanana kwakukulu. Chikhalidwe cha minks yonse ndi kupezeka kwa nembanemba yapadera pakati pazala zakumapazi. Ndi amene amachititsa nyama kusambira kwambiri.
Chosangalatsa: Mitundu yaku Europe ndi America idachokera kwa makolo osiyana kotheratu. Mink yaku Europe idachokera ku kolinsky, pomwe mink yaku America imadziwika kuti ndi abale apamtima a martens.
Kwa nthawi yayitali, chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pausodzi chinali mink yaku Europe. Komabe, lero zikuchotsedwa pang'onopang'ono koma motsimikizika ndi American. Izi ndichifukwa chakuchepa kwakukulu kwa mitunduyi, kuyambitsa ndi kuswana mwachangu kwa nyama yaku America.
Chosangalatsa: Woyimira weaselyu ndi makumi asanu ndi awiri mphambu asanu pa zana aliwonse amafunikira ubweya padziko lapansi. Pali kufotokoza kosavuta kwa chiwerengerochi - minks zimaberekana modabwitsa mu ukapolo.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Animal mink
Mink ndi wachibale wapafupi kwambiri wa ma weasels, ferrets, weasels. Mitundu yachilengedwe ya nyamayi ndi ya ku Europe ndi America, koma mu ukapolo, asayansi apanga mitundu ina yomwe yasintha machitidwe awo. Minks ndi nyama zazing'ono zomwe zili ndi thupi lokwanira. Thupi limasinthasintha, ndipo kutalika kwake ndi masentimita makumi anayi mphambu atatu.
Kanema: Mink
Nyamazi zimakhala ndi mchira wochepa koma wofewa kwambiri. Kutalika kwake kumakhala masentimita khumi ndi awiri mpaka khumi ndi asanu ndi anayi. Kulemera kwa chilombocho sikuposa magalamu 800. Chifukwa cha magawo amenewa, nyama m'chilengedwe imatha kulowa m'miyambo yosiyanasiyana, imabisala mwachangu pakagwa ngozi ndikukhala pamadzi mosavuta.
Chofunika kwambiri kwa munthu mu mink ndi ubweya. Nyama yaying'onoyo ili ndi ubweya wokongola kwambiri, wandiweyani wokhala ndi wandiweyani pansi. Pedi salola kuti nyama inyowe ngakhale itakhala madzi kwa nthawi yayitali. Ubwino wina waubweya ndi "demoseasonality" yake. Kusiyanitsa pakati pa chikuto cha chilimwe ndi chisanu ndikuchepa kwambiri. Mtundu wa nyama umatha kukhala wofiirira, wofiyira, wofiyira komanso wakuda. Mtunduwo umagawidwa wogawana, kokha pamimba imatha kukhala yopepuka pang'ono.
Mink ali ndi mphuno yopapatiza, makutu ang'onoang'ono ozungulira. Pakamwa pake pamakhala pansi pang'ono, ndipo makutu ake amawoneka bwino ndipo samapezeka pansi paubweya. Kuluka pakati pa zala zakumanja kumatchulidwa. Amakhala odziwika kwambiri pamapazi akumbuyo. Komanso, nyamazi zimadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa malo oyera. Nthawi zambiri amaikidwa pachibwano, komanso pachifuwa.
Kodi mink amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: American mink
Poyamba, malo okhala mink anali otakata mokwanira. Amayambira ku Finland mpaka kumapiri a mapiri a Ural. Popita nthawi, nyama zimafalikira ku France ndi Spain. Komabe, zambiri zasintha kuyambira pamenepo. Oimira banja la weasel akuchepa. Chiwerengero chawo chatsika kwambiri m'malo ambiri okhalapo kale, ndipo m'malo ena nyama izi zasowa kwathunthu.
Masiku ano, malo ovomerezeka a minks aku Europe amakhala ndi tizidutswa tating'ono: Ukraine ndi Russia, kumpoto kwa Spain, kumadzulo kwa France, ndi madera ena a Romania. Chinyama chitha kupezeka kumtunda wa mita chikwi chimodzi ndi mazana awiri pamwamba pamadzi. Mitundu yaku America imapezeka ku North America. Komabe, idadziwitsidwanso ku Europe ndi North Asia. Kwazaka khumi zapitazi, zopitilira minks zopitilira 4000 zaku America zatumizidwa kunja. Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu iyi imasamalidwa m'minda yamafuta osiyanasiyana.
M'malo amakono, kuchuluka kwa minks kwatsika kwambiri. Kupatulapo kungatchedwe Romania ndi madera angapo aku Russia: Arkhangelsk, Vologda, Tver. Komabe, asayansi ali ndi nkhawa kuti posachedwa, ngakhale kumeneko, kuchuluka kwa nyama izi kuyamba kuchepa. Minks yaku Europe ikutha osati kokha chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa zachilengedwe kapena kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe, komanso chifukwa chakuchulukirachulukira kwa mitundu yaku America.
Kodi mink amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Black mink
Zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku za mink zitha kukhala ndi:
- Makoswe onga mbewa: makoswe amadzi, mbewa zakumunda;
- Nsomba. Nyama sizidzasiya nsapato, minnows, trout. Mwambiri, amatha kudya pafupifupi nsomba iliyonse;
- Nyama zam'madzi: crayfish, molluscs, tizilombo tambiri ta m'madzi;
- Amphibians: ankhandwe, zitsamba zazing'ono, achule, mazira.
Nyama zomwe zimakhala pafupi ndi midzi nthawi zambiri zimayendera anthu kuti awachitire zabwino. Amalowa mozemba m'makola, m khola komanso nkhuku mochenjera. Ngati chinyama chili ndi njala, ndiye kuti sichingachite manyazi ndi zinyalala za anthu. Komabe, mamembala ambiri pabanja amakonda kudya chakudya chatsopano. Ngati sichoncho, atha kufa ndi njala, koma osapitilira masiku anayi.
Minks imatha kuwonedwa m'mitengo. Kumeneko amatha kudya mazira a mbalame. Mink wamba amadya pafupifupi magalamu mazana awiri a chakudya patsiku, makamaka mwatsopano. Ngati panthawi yosaka nyama imakumana ndi nyama yayikulu, ndiye kuti imatha kusiya nthawi yanjala kapena nthawi yozizira. Nyamayo ikubisala pogona padera.
Minks ndi nyama zolusa. Komabe, ngati atapambana posaka, amatha kudya chakudya chomwe sichikhala chachilendo kwa iwo kwakanthawi: zipatso, mizu, bowa, mbewu. Ngati chinyama chikuweta, ndiye kuti anthu amadyetsa chakudya chapadera (chouma ndi chonyowa) ndi timatumba ta nsomba.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Nyama ya Mink
Minks amakhala makamaka mdera lamapiri, pafupi ndi magwero amadzi: mitsinje, malo osungira, nyanja. Amakonda kukhala, kuswana komanso kusaka m'malo ochepa komanso opanikizika. Pamalo osungidwa, magombe ndi malo otseguka, samawoneka. Amakonda kumanga zisa zawo m'nkhalango ndi zitsamba.
Nyama imadzipangira yokha kapena imagwiritsa ntchito mabowo kale pansi: zachilengedwe, ming'alu yaying'ono, mabowo osiyidwa kapena maenje. Nyama imagwiritsa ntchito nyumba yake nthawi zonse. Amatha kuzisiya kawiri kokha: kusefukira, kusowa kwa chakudya m'nyengo yozizira.
Ma burrows nthawi zambiri amakhala ochepa, koma amagawika m'magawo angapo. Pali malo ogona kwambiri, chimbudzi ndi kutuluka kangapo. Chotuluka chimodzi chimafikira kumene kumachokera madzi, chachiwiri kupita kutchire. Ma burrows amakhala ndi zida zachilengedwe zothandiza: nthenga, moss, masamba, udzu wouma.
Zosangalatsa: Malinga ndi kafukufuku wamakhalidwe azaka zapakati pa 60s, mink ali ndi luso lapamwamba kwambiri lophunzirira. Adaposa amphaka, zikopa ndi ma ferrets mu luso ili.
Chimake cha ntchito ya nyama imeneyi ndi usiku. Komabe, ngati kusaka usiku kunalephera, mink imatha kugwira ntchito masana. Nyamayi imakhala nthawi yayitali pamtunda ndipo ikufunafuna chakudya. M'nyengo yozizira, nyamazi zimakakamizidwa kuyenda kwambiri, chifukwa zimakhala zovuta kupeza chakudya choyenera. Komanso, nyama imapereka nthawi yochuluka kusambira. Imagunda maulendo ataliatali pamadzi, pamadzi, mokoka nsomba ndi amphibiya.
Chikhalidwe cha zolusa zakutchire sichabwino, koma osati chankhanza. Minks amakonda kukhala pawokha ndipo samakonda kuyandikira anthu. Ndizovuta kwambiri kuwona nyama yotereyi ili mndende. Mapazi okhaokha pamtunda ndi omwe angawonetse kupezeka kwake.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Minks m'chilengedwe
Nthawi yokwanira ya minks nthawi zambiri imakhala kuyambira February mpaka Epulo. Pakadali pano, nyama zikugwira ntchito kwambiri. Amuna angapo amatha kuthamangitsa wamkazi m'modzi nthawi imodzi. Amapikisana wina ndi mnzake, amalira moseketsa. Nthawi zina nkhondo zowopsa zimachitikira dona wamtima. Mkazi atakhala ndi umuna, mwamuna amamusiya. Atakwatirana, akulu amakhala mosiyana.
Mimba yonse ya mkazi wamkazi imatenga nthawi yayifupi - pafupifupi masiku forte. Nthawi zambiri mbewuzo zimabadwa mu Meyi. Mkazi amaberekanso ana osaposa asanu ndi awiri nthawi imodzi. Pakatikati pa chilimwe, nyama zazing'ono zimakhala pafupifupi theka la kukula kwa munthu wamkulu. Mu Ogasiti, amakula mpaka kukula kwawo komaliza. Nthawi yomweyo, mkaziyo amasiya kudyetsa anawo mkaka. Amaphunzira kupeza chakudya paokha, chakudya chawo chimasandulika nyama. Pakufika nthawi yophukira, mbewu zimasiya dzenje la amayi.
Chosangalatsa: Minks amafikira kukhwima pakatha miyezi khumi. Mpaka zaka zitatu, nyamazi zimakhala ndi chonde chambiri. Popita nthawi, kubereka kwazimayi kumachepa pang'onopang'ono.
Moyo wonse wazilombo zazing'ono siziposa zaka khumi. Komabe, mu ukapolo, minks amatha kukhala ndi moyo wautali kwambiri - zaka zopitilira khumi ndi zisanu. Amazolowera msanga zikhalidwe zapakhomo, koma ngakhale atakhala zaka zambiri samakhazikika.
Adani achilengedwe a minks
Chithunzi: Nyama ya Mink
Adani achilengedwe a minks ndi awa:
- Nyama zolusa nyama. Chinyama chaching'ono chimatha kuphedwa ndikudya ndi zilombo zonse zomwe ndi zazikulu komanso zamphamvu kuposa icho. Izi zikuphatikizapo ankhandwe, nkhandwe, zimbalangondo, mimbulu. Koma nthawi zambiri mink imagwidwa ndi otter. Otter amasambira bwino ndikukhala pafupi ndi minks, motero amamugwira mwamphamvu usiku komanso masana. Otters amatha kudya osati ndi wamkulu, komanso ndi ana ake;
- Mbalame zodya nyama. Kwenikweni, adaniwo ndi mbalame zazikulu: akadzidzi, akadzidzi a ziwombankhanga, akabawi. Nyama ikasaka mbewa usiku, kadzidzi kapena kadzidzi zimatha kuzigwira, ndipo kabawi amatha kutchera mink masana;
- Mink waku America. Minks ali ndi mpikisano wa interspecies. Monga momwe akatswiri a zoo adadziwira, mitundu yaku America idawononga mwadala Europe kuti ipulumutse gawo lawo ndi abale ake. Komabe, mawonekedwe achilendo akunja adalola asakiwo kuti asinthe chidwi chawo kuchokera ku mink yaku Europe;
- Anthu. Mdani woopsa kwambiri, yemwe mwadala, ndipo nthawi zina amawononga nyama izi mosazindikira. Lero, chinthu chokha chomwe chimapulumutsa mink kuimfa ndikuti adayamba kulima m'minda yapadera kuti apeze ubweya.
Chosangalatsa: Malinga ndi akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo, minks nthawi zambiri si nyama zolusa. Zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimayambitsa kufa kwa nyama ndi njala, matenda ndi majeremusi.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Mink nthawi yotentha
Minks ndiwo gwero lalikulu la ubweya. Amayamikiridwa ndi ubweya wawo chifukwa chothandiza, kusinthasintha, komanso kutentha kwa kutentha. Potengera mtundu, ubweya wa mink waku America umawerengedwa kuti ndiwokwera kwambiri kuposa mitundu ina. Osati kale kwambiri, ubweya unkapezeka kokha ndi nyama zosaka. Alenje mwaluso amatchera misampha m'nyengo yozizira, amagwira achikulire ndikupeza zikopa zawo. Zonsezi zidapangitsa kuchepa mwachangu kwa mink m'dera lawo lakale.
Mofulumira kwambiri, minks adasowa kumadera ambiri, ndipo kusaka kunasiya kukwaniritsa zosowa za anthu muubweya wambiri. Kuyambira pomwepo, minks adasungidwa mu ukapolo. Ndipo lero, gwero lalikulu la ubweya ndi minda yaubweya, osati nyama zachilengedwe. Izi zidawongolera bwino vutoli ndi kuchuluka kwa mink zakutchire, koma sizinathe kuthetseratu.
Chiwerengero cha nyama izi chikuchepa. Izi zimakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana: kuipitsa matupi amadzi, kugwidwa kwa nyama, kupikisana kwakukulu. Pakadali pano, minks zaku Europe zidalembedwa mu Red Data Books m'malo ambiri achilengedwe, IUCN Red Data Book. Ndizoletsedwa kusaka nyama izi m'maiko ambiri padziko lapansi, kuchuluka kwawo ndi malo awo akukhala motetezedwa.
Kuteteza kwa Mink
Chithunzi: Mink Red Book
Kuyambira kale, minks akhala akuvutitsidwa ndi alenje chifukwa cha ubweya wokongola, wotentha, wokwera mtengo. Zotsatira zake, mitundu yaku Europe yatsika kwambiri, monganso malo ake ogawa padziko lonse lapansi. Mpaka pano, pali lamulo loletsa kugwira nyama izi. Chifukwa cha izi, zinali zotheka kuletsa kutha kwa minks mwachangu, koma vuto ndilofulumira - kuchuluka kwa nyama sikukula, koma kumachepa pang'onopang'ono.
Mitundu ya mink yaku Europe idalembedwa mu Red Book kuyambira 1996. Amadziwika kuti ali pangozi m'malo a Republic of Bashkortostan, Komi, ku Orenburg, Novgorod, Tyumen ndi madera ena ambiri ku Russia.
Pofuna kuteteza zamoyozi, njira zotsatirazi zakhazikitsidwa:
- Kuletsa kuwombera. Kwa ubweya, nyama zoterezi tsopano zimafalikira m'minda yapadera yaubweya;
- Kuswana mu ukapolo ndikumasulidwa kumalo otetezedwa. Asayansi amayesetsa kuteteza nyama kuti zisaonongeke, amazisintha mwapadera, kenako amazitumiza kuthengo;
- Kukhazikitsidwa kwa chiletso chakuwononga kwanyanja Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muzisunga malo omwe nyamazi zimatha kukhala ndi kuberekana;
- Mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana oberekera, mapulogalamu osungira ma genome ku Spain, Germany, France;
- Kuwunika pafupipafupi kuchuluka kwa nyama zomwe zili m'malo awo achilengedwe, kukhazikika kwa anthu.
Mink - chinyama chaching'ono, chanzeru komanso chosinthika chokhala ndi ubweya wokongola. Ndicho chinthu chachikulu chowedza padziko lonse lapansi. M'chilengedwe, mitundu ya mink yaku Europe ikuchepa pang'onopang'ono, m'malo mwake ndi yaku America, yomwe ubweya wake ndiwofunika kwambiri komanso wapamwamba kwambiri. Pachifukwa ichi, mayiko omwe amakhala minks akuyenera kuchita zonse zoteteza nyama yamtengo wapatali kwambiri.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 03/29/2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 19.09.2019 pa 11:25
