Ndizovuta kulingalira kuti nyama yosazolowereka, yoseketsa pang'ono, yaying'ono, yamatsenga ngati oposamu, ndi imodzi mwazinyama zakale kwambiri zomwe zapulumuka mpaka pano, zomwe sizikusintha mawonekedwe ake. Ambiri adadzazidwa ndi chikondi kwa iwo atatulutsa kanema wa makanema "Ice Age", pomwe Eddie ndi Crash awiri oseketsa adalowa m'malo osiyanasiyana osangalatsa otsatiridwa ndi mamiliyoni a anthu padziko lapansi. Tiyeni tiyese kumvetsetsa mwatsatanetsatane mbiri ndi moyo wa nyama yofewa.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Possum
Banja la possum ndi gulu la nyama zakutchire zomwe zimakhala makamaka ku America (komanso ku South ndi North America). Awa ndi ena mwa anthu akale kwambiri padziko lapansi, omwe apulumuka mpaka lero kuyambira nthawi ya Cretaceous. Chochititsa chidwi ndichakuti kuyambira nthawi zakale kwambiri, nyama momwe zimawonekera sizinasinthe konse, titero, zosungidwa momwe zidapangidwira.
Ponena za America, asayansi apeza kuti poyambirira ma possum amakhala ku South America kokha. Pambuyo pake, pomwe amatchedwa mlatho pakati pa America udabuka, mitundu yambiri ya nyama zamtundu uliwonse zochokera ku North America idayamba kusamukira Kumwera, zomwe zidapha imfa yayikulu ya ma marsupial ku South America. Zachidziwikire, sikuti mitundu yonse ya ma possum idapulumuka, koma ndibwino kuti ena apulumuka mpaka nthawi yathu ino ndipo adakwanitsa kusintha kuzolowera zatsopano.
Kanema: Possum
Kuphatikiza pa kuti nyama zazing'ono izi zidakwanitsa kukhala ndi moyo ndikusintha kusintha, iwonso afalikira ku North America pafupifupi Canada. Mukamaphunzira za chiyambi cha nyamazi, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa pazomwe zidafukulidwa, zomwe zimatiuza kuti kamodzi, kale, ma possum amakhalanso ku Europe.
Ngati simukufufuza mbiri yakale kwambiri, koma yopezeka ndi munthu, ndiye kuti imodzi mwazinthu zoyambirira za possum zidamveka m'buku la wolemba malo ku Spain, wansembe komanso wolemba mbiri yakale a Pedro Cieza de Leon kale ku 1553, ntchitoyi imatchedwa Chronicle of Peru. Mmenemo, Spaniard adalongosola kanyama kakang'ono komwe sanakadziwikebe, kamene kanali ngati nkhandwe, kanali ndi mchira wautali, zikhasu zazing'ono ndi ubweya wofiirira.
Achibale apamtima kwambiri a ma possum ochokera ku America ndi ma possum opangidwa ndi makoswe. Monga tanena kale, pali mitundu ingapo yama possums, ndiosiyana mawonekedwe ndipo amakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana.
Tiyeni tifotokoze zina mwa izi:
- Opossum wamba ndi wamkulu mokwanira, kulemera kwake kumatha kufikira 6 kg. Nyama imatenga zokongola kupita kumapiri omwe amakhala m'mphepete mwa matupi amitundu yonse, amadyerera chimanga, abuluzi, imadya tizilombo tosiyanasiyana ndi bowa;
- Opossum Virginia ndi yayikulu (mpaka 6 kg), amakonda nkhalango zotentha kwambiri, koma amakhala kumapiri. Amadya makoswe ang'onoang'ono, mbalame, mazira a mbalame, kalulu wachinyamata;
- Madzi otchedwa opossum amapezeka, mwachilengedwe, pafupi ndi madzi, amadya nsomba, nsomba zazinkhanira, nkhanu, ndikuwedza nkhomaliro pomwepo. Nthawi zina muzisangalala ndi zipatso. Iye sali wamkulu monga mitundu ina ya banja lake;
- Mbewa opossum ndi yaying'ono kwambiri. Kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi masentimita 15. Amakonda nkhalango zamapiri (mpaka 2.5 km kutalika). Amadya tizilombo, mazira a mbalame ndi zipatso zamtundu uliwonse;
- Oposamu yaimvi yopanda zingwe ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, kulemera kwake ndi magilamu opitilira zana, ndipo kutalika kwake kumayambira masentimita 12 mpaka 16. Imakonda malo athyathyathya, wokutidwa ndi udzu wawung'ono, imakonda kukhala limodzi ndi malo okhala anthu;
- Patagonian possum ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, yolemera pafupifupi magalamu 50. Chakudya chake chachikulu ndi tizilombo.
Zachidziwikire, kuwonjezera pa omwe adatchulidwa, pali mitundu ina yama possum.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Possum nyama
Tidazindikira kuti m'chilengedwe muli mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma possum, chifukwa chake tilingalira zizindikilo zakunja ndi mawonekedwe a nyama iyi pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha possum wamba. Makulidwe a nyama iyi ndi ochepa, m'litali mwake amafikira pafupifupi 60 cm, akazi ndi 10 cm ochepa. Mwambiri, possum imakhala yofanana kukula kwa mphaka wamkulu wamkulu. Mphuno yake imaloza ndikutalikitsa.
Mchira wa nyama ndi wamphamvu, wamaliseche, wosaphimbidwa ndi tsitsi, m'munsi mwake ndi wokulirapo. Mothandizidwa ndi iyo, possum imapachikidwa pamitengo ikagona kapena kuyenda mu korona wa mitengo. Chovala cha possum sichitali, koma chodzaza ndi cholimba.
Mtundu wa nyama umasiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu wawo komanso malo okhala, kotero ma possum akhoza kukhala:
- Mdima wakuda;
- Imvi yakuda;
- Brown;
- Imvi yoyera;
- Wakuda;
- Beige.
Ngati tikulankhula za possum wamba, ndiye kuti ubweya wake ndi wotuwa ndi mitsempha yoyera, ndipo mutu wake ndi wopepuka, pomwe wakuda, monga mikanda, maso ndi makutu ozungulira amaonekera. Mapazi a nyamayo ali ndi zala zisanu, chala chilichonse chili ndi chikhadabo chakuthwa. Nsagwada za nyama zimasonyeza kusachedwa kwake. The possum ili ndi mano 50, 4 mwa iwo ndi mayini, kapangidwe kake ndi kapangidwe kake kofanana ndi kapangidwe ka mano a zolengedwa zakale.
Chikhalidwe cha nyama ndikupezeka kwa thumba momwe mumanyamula ana, chifukwa amabadwa asanakwane, ndipo amakula ndikulimba. Chikwama ndi chikopa cha khungu chomwe chimatsegukira kumchira. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, mitundu ina ya ma possum ilibe thumba, i.e. alibe zikwama, ndipo anawo amapachikidwa pachifuwa cha mayi mpaka atakhala odziyimira pawokha.
Kodi possum amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Big possum
Masiku ano, ma possum adasungabe malo awo okhazikika m'dera la New World, ngakhale kale anali atafalikira ku Europe konse, monga umboni wa zofukulidwa zakale. Possums akhazikika m'magawo a America (Kumpoto ndi Kummwera). Posachedwapa, asayansi ya zinyama aona kuti malo awo akukhala kumpoto kwambiri, kukafika kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Canada ndi ku Lesser Antilles.
Opossums amatenga chidwi ndi nkhalango, steppes, madera achipululu. Amakhala kumapiri komanso kumapiri, osapitilira 4 km. Chifukwa Pali mitundu yambiri yamitundu, ndiye kuti amakonda malo osiyanasiyana. Mitundu ina imafunikira kuyandikira kwa madzi, amatsogolera moyo wamadzi ochepa, ndikupanga mapanga m'maenje a mitengo. Komabe, mamembala ambiri am'banja la possum amakhala m'mitengo kapena pansi.
Chochititsa chidwi ndichakuti mitundu ina imakhala moyandikana ndi nyumba za anthu, ngakhale mbali zambiri zimakonda kupewa anthu, kuzidutsa.
Kodi possum imadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Zosangalatsa
Titha kunena kuti the possum is omnivorous. Amadya zonse zamasamba ndi nyama. Mwambiri, zomwe amakonda zimadalira mtundu ndi malo okhala. Zimazindikira kuti amadya ma possum ambiri, zikuwoneka kuti sangakwanitse, koma sizili choncho. Nyama ndizanzeru kwambiri ndipo zimadya mosungira, kusungitsa mafuta pakagwa njala, nthawi yovuta. Kudya anthu wamba ndikofala pakati pa nyama zamtchire izi.
Nthawi zambiri menyu ya possum imakhala ndi:
- Mitundu yonse ya zipatso;
- Zipatso;
- Bowa;
- Tizilombo tosiyanasiyana;
- Abuluzi ang'onoang'ono;
- Makoswe ang'onoang'ono;
- Nsomba, nkhanu, nkhanu (m'madzi possum);
- Mbalame zazing'ono;
- Mazira a mbalame;
- Zitsamba;
- Masamba;
- Cobs chimanga;
- Mbewu zosiyanasiyana.
Ngati muli ndi chiweto chachilendo ngati possum, ndiye kuti mutha kudyetsa ndi masamba osiyanasiyana, zipatso, nkhuku ndi mazira. Opossum amatha kudyetsedwa ndi chakudya chamagulu, koma osati nthawi zonse osati pafupipafupi. Ndipo njala yake imakhala yabwino kwambiri nthawi zonse.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Possum
Mwachilengedwe chawo, ma possum amakhala osungulumwa ndipo amakhala ndi awiriawiri pokhapokha pakamakhwima, amakonda kukhala moyo wobisika, wokhazikika. Nyama izi zimakhala moyo wamadzulo, zimayendetsa mdima. Masana, nyama zimagona pansi pa zikopa zawo kapena pa chisoti chachifumu cha mitengo, zikulendewera panthambi mothandizidwa ndi mchira wawo wolimba, womwe umafanana ndi mahema. Kugona tulo tofa nato ndizomwe amakonda kwambiri ma possum, omwe amatha kuchita nawo pafupifupi maola 19 patsiku.
Mwambiri, mwachilengedwe, nyamazo zimakhala zamanyazi komanso zosamala, zimapewa kukumana ndi munthu, kugwira possum si ntchito yophweka. Pamwamba pa izo, ali chete, osapanga phokoso lililonse. Nyamayo imalira mowirikiza, kokha ikamva ululu waukulu. Nthawi zina, ma possum alibe chifukwa chokambirana mwachangu komanso mokweza mawu. Khalidwe la nyamazo ndilokhazikika, kuchita zinthu mwaukali pafupipafupi sikunadziwike kumbuyo kwawo.
Opossums ndi achule amtengo aluso, okonzeka kupachikidwa pamitengo yamitengo tsiku lonse, nthawi zambiri amagona mozondoka, atakakamira panthambi ndi mchira wawo. Komanso, mothandizidwa ndi mchira womwewo ndi miyendo yolimba yoluka, amayenda molimbika mu korona wobiriwira. Zachidziwikire, pali mitundu yamoyo yomwe imangokhala kumtunda kokha, koma pali mitundu yambiri yambiri yomwe imapangitsa kuti munthu akhale ndi moyo wabwino. Mwachilengedwe, talente yamadzi possum ndikutha kusambira, komwe amagwiritsa ntchito bwino, kupeza chakudya chake m'madzi.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira pamoyo wama possums ndi moyo wawo wosamukasamuka (woyendayenda). Amayenda pafupipafupi, opanda gawo lawo lakutali, monga nyama zina zambiri. Nyama zomwe zimakhala kumadera akumpoto zimabisala nthawi yozizira kwambiri. Munthawi imeneyi, masiku otentha komanso otentha kwambiri, possum imadzuka kuti idzitsitsimutse, kukhala ogona kwakanthawi kochepa.
Mwa iwo omwe adapeza chiweto chachilendo ngati possum, pali lingaliro kuti nyamazi sizikhala ndi nzeru zambiri, koma ndizoseweretsa komanso kuvomerezeka, simudzasowa nazo chidwi!
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Zovuta za ana
Ma opossums amodzi amangokwatirana kwakanthawi kochepa. Mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana, imachitika nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, possum yaku North America imaswana ana katatu pachaka, ndipo mitundu yomwe imakonda madera otentha imaswana chaka chonse. Nyama zomwe sizikhala m'mitengo zimapanga zofananira ndi zisa za mbalame, ndipo nyama zapadziko lapansi zimaswana m'makonde omwe wina wasiyidwa, maenje obisika komanso pakati pa mizu yayikulu yamitengo.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti ma possum ndi achonde kwambiri. Zinyalala zimatha kukhala ndi ana mpaka 25, koma izi ndizochepa. Kawirikawiri ana 8 mpaka 15 amabadwa. Ngakhale zimachitika kuti ana ambiri amabadwa nthawi imodzi, ndi okhawo okhwima komanso olimba kwambiri omwe amakhalabe ndi moyo, chifukwa mayi ali ndi mawere 12 kapena 13 okha. Kutalika kwa kutenga kwa mkazi sikutalika konse ndipo ndi pafupifupi masiku 25, m'mitundu yaying'ono nthawi zambiri kumakhala pafupifupi 15. Makanda amawoneka ocheperako komanso asanakwane, ofanana ndi mazira, kulemera kwawo ndi magalamu 2 - 5 okha.
Mu ma marsupial possum, ana amapsa m'thumba, momwe mawere amapezekera kuti apatse ana mkaka. Nyama zamisala, makanda amapachika pachifuwa pa amayi awo, kumamatira mawere. Pakadutsa miyezi ingapo, makanda amakhala ngati nyama zazikulu, okutidwa ndi tsitsi, kuwona ndi kunenepa. Ndizosangalatsa kuti mayi amathandizira ana ake mkaka wa m'mawere kwa nthawi yayitali, nthawi imeneyi imakhala miyezi itatu yathunthu.
Moyo suli wosavuta kwa mayi wa opossum, izi zitha kunenedwa, zenizeni komanso zophiphiritsa, chifukwa ana okalamba omwe ali ndi banja lonse lalikulu amamukwera, atamatira ubweya kumbuyo kwawo. Poganizira kuti mayiyo ali ndi ana ambiri, ndizovuta kulingalira kuti ndi mtolo wolemetsa bwanji tsiku lililonse. Pambuyo pa miyezi itatu yoyamwitsa, makanda amayamba kudya ngati akuluakulu. Ndipo onse achimuna ndi achimuna amakhala okhwima pogonana pakadutsa miyezi 6 mpaka 8. Opossums amakhala m'malo awo achilengedwe kwa zaka pafupifupi zisanu, ali mu ukapolo, zitsanzo za anthu ena zimakhala mpaka naini.
Adani achilengedwe a possums
Chithunzi: Animal possum
Kumtchire, ma possum ali ndi adani ambiri, chifukwa ndi nyama yaying'ono komanso yamanyazi, zilombo zazikuluzikulu zambiri sizidana nazo. Anthu osafunira zabwino a Possum ndi amphaka, nkhandwe, akadzidzi ndi mbalame zina zikuluzikulu zolusa, mphalapala. Njoka zamtundu uliwonse ndizowopsa ku nyama zazing'ono. Kuphatikiza pa odyetsa, ziweto zambiri zimanyamula matenda monga chiwewe, omwe nthawi zambiri amatengedwa ndi Virginia possum.
Ndikofunika kunena padera za njira yapadera yodzitetezera ku ziwopsezo zomwe ma possum amagwiritsa ntchito pokonzekera zisudzo zonse. Chiwopsezo chikayandikira, possum imanamizira kuti yakufa mwaluso kwambiri kotero kuti nyamayo silingaganize kuti ikungonamizira. Opossum imagwa, maso ake amakhala ngatigalasi, thovu likuwonekera kuchokera pakamwa pake, ndipo zotulutsa zapadera za kumatako zimatulutsa fungo la cadaveric. Chithunzichi chonse chikuwopseza adani omwe, atasuta "zovundazo", amanyansidwa ndikuchoka. Mdani akapita, chinyama chimakhala ndi moyo ndikuthawa, ngakhale kwa mphindi zingapo chinali chitafa kale. Kunyenga kwachinyengo kotereku mu ma possum nthawi zambiri kumawathandiza, kupulumutsa nyama zambiri kuimfa.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Possum
Maofesi amapezeka paliponse ku America, kuchuluka kwa anthu sikukuwopsezedwa pakadali pano, sali mgulu la nyama zotetezedwa. Ponena za chinthu chaumunthu, izi, zimakhudza kwambiri moyo wa ma possum. Ubweya wa nyamawo umagwiritsidwa ntchito kusoka zovala zosiyanasiyana, imakhala ndi kutentha kwakukulu, kotero ngakhale zopangidwa zotchuka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi zimapanga zovala kuchokera ku ubweya wa opossum.
Munthu amakhala m'malo ochulukirapo pomwe nyama zimakhala kale, motero amayenera kusintha nthawi zonse. Mwa zina, m'maiko ena aku South America, ma possum amadya. Nthawi zina anthu amapha nyama, kuwawona ngati tizirombo ta minda ndi minda, ngakhale sizipweteketsa nthaka. Nyama zambiri zimamwalira m'misewu ikuluikulu yamagalimoto.
Mwachiwonekere, chifukwa chakuti ma possum ndi odzichepetsa kwambiri, okomoka, olimba komanso achonde, ziwopsezo zonse zomwe zatchulidwazi zomwe zimakhudza anthu sizimakhudza kuchuluka kwa anthu, kuchuluka kwawo sikukhazikika. Tikukhulupirira, izi zipitilira mtsogolo.
Pomaliza, ndikufuna kuwonjezera kuti possum ndiyodabwitsadi pazifukwa zambiri. Choyamba, adakhala m'masiku akale aja, pomwe ma dinosaurs amakhala. Mitundu yambiri idazimiririka, ndipo adathetsa zovuta zonse ndikusintha mawonekedwe. Kachiwiri, ndiye yekha amene amayimira nyama zakutchire zomwe zimakhala kunja kwa dziko la Australia. Chachitatu, ndi wosewera wosayerekezeka, akutsanzira bwino imfa yake podzitchinjiriza. Mwambiri, iye ndi wokongola komanso woseketsa! Wina ayenera kungoyang'ana chithunzi cha mayi wosamalira opossum, atanyamula banja lake lonse losalala pamapewa ake, kumwetulira nthawi yomweyo kumawonekera ndikukhala komweko!
Tsiku lofalitsa: 22.03.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 09/15/2019 pa 17:58
