Whale whale - imodzi mwazinyama zowala kwambiri zapamadzi padziko lapansi zomwe zili ndi mbiri yotsutsana kwambiri. Anthu ena amamuona ngati dolphin wamkulu ndi moyo wachifundo komanso wanzeru kwambiri, ena - chowopsa komanso chankhanza, chokhoza kupha osati chakudya chokha, komanso chiwonetsero chaukali. Mabaibulo onsewa ndi oona, khalidwe ndi khalidwe la whale whale ndi chifukwa cha zifukwa zambiri - kuchokera kumayendedwe a mitunduyo mpaka zakudya.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Orca
Kutchulidwa koyamba kwa nyamayi kunapangidwa kumayambiriro kwa Zakachikwi zoyambirira za nthawi yathu ino. Nyulu zakupha zimaphatikizidwa mgulu la nyama zamtchire zapadziko lapansi ndi buku lalikulu kwambiri lakale lakale lotchedwa "Natural History", wolemba wake ndi Pliny Wamkulu. Dzinalo la sayansi ya whale whale lidasinthidwa kangapo; idayamba kupezeka kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 18, ndipo mpaka pano mtundu wake wachilatini umamveka ngati Orcinus orca.
Great Soviet Encyclopedia ndi madikishonale ena amazindikira mayina awiri achi Russia omwe amagwiritsidwanso ntchito - "killer whale" ndi "killer whale". Njira yanzeru kwambiri ndiyo njira yachiwiri, yopangidwa kuchokera ku liwu loti "scythe", lomwe limafotokoza mawonekedwe amtundu wakunyama kwa chinyama. Komabe, m'magulu asayansi olankhula Chirasha, njira yoyamba ndiyodziwika bwino komanso yofala.
Kanema: Orca
Dzinalo lankhanza - the whale whale - the killer whale adalandira makamaka chifukwa cha nkhani zamagazi zambiri ndi nthano, zomwe zidafotokozedwanso ndikukongoletsedwera chidwi ndi osimba nthano. Cinema nayenso sanayime pambali, zomwe zinapanga m'mafilimu ake chithunzi cha nyama yoopsa komanso yopanda chifundo yomwe imatha kumenyana ndi anthu ambiri okhala m'nyanja, komanso anthu.
Ngati titembenukira kumagwero asayansi amomwe nyamayi idayambira, ndiye kuti ndizotheka kupeza kuti ndi amtundu wa cetaceans, suborder of whale whale. Koma gawo lofunikira pamagulu a chinsomba chakupha limaseweredwa ndikutumizidwa ku banja la dolphin, lomwe limatsimikizira moyo ndi zizolowezi zambiri komanso zizolowezi za nyama izi. Ndiye kuti, whale whale ndiye dolphin wamkulu kwambiri wodya nyama yemwe ali ndi zizolowezi zowononga nyama.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: whale killer whale
Whale wakupha, pokhala m'modzi wa banja la dolphin, ali ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wamtunduwu, koma ndi wokulirapo kuposa achibale ake ndipo ali ndi utoto wakuda ndi yoyera.
Munjira yofala kwambiri, yomwe imadziwika ndi anthu ambiri, anamgumi opha ali ndi msana wakuda ndi mbali, zigamba zoyera mozungulira pakhosi ndi pamwamba pamaso, ndi mzere woyera wa kotenga m'mimba. Komabe, m'malo ena a Pacific Ocean pali anthu amtundu umodzi - wakuda kapena woyera. Koma zoterezi ndizochepa.
Chosangalatsa: Malo ndi kukula kwa mawanga oyera mthupi la munthu aliyense ndizapadera, mofananira ndi zala za anthu, ichi ndi chizindikiro chotsimikizika chodziwitsa munthu malinga ndi mawonekedwe ake.
Anangumi achimuna amakula kamodzi ndi theka mpaka kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa akazi, amafika kutalika kwa mamitala khumi ndikulemera pafupifupi matani eyiti. Kukula kwakukulu komanso kupezeka kwa nsagwada zamphamvu zokhala ndi mizere iwiri ya mano akuthwa 13-15 masentimita kutalika kwake kumapangitsa kuti nyamazi zizisaka nyama, zomwe zimatha kupeza nyama zopitilira kulemera kwake.
Kuphatikiza pa maubwino othandiza, kusaka kosangalatsa kwa anamgumi ndi chifukwa chomveka chabodza chambiri chokhudza kukhetsa magazi kwawo modabwitsa. Malinga ndi asayansi komanso akatswiri omwe amaphunzira ntchito zofunikira za nyamazi, zambiri mwa nkhanizi ndizongopeka chabe.
Kusiyananso kwina pakati pa namgumi wakupha ndi dolphin yosavuta ndi mbalame yam'mphepete yomwe imawonekera pamwamba pa thupi, mpaka kutalika kwa mita imodzi ndi theka mpaka awiri mwa amuna. Kudula madzi pamtunda wa pafupifupi 55 km / h, ndikuwopsa chifukwa cha kukula kwake kodabwitsa. Zipsepse za akazi zimakhala zosawopsa kwenikweni ndipo zimakhala zazitali kutalika ngati za amuna. Mchira wa anamgumi okhala ndi zipsepse zamphamvu zopingasa.
Kodi namgumi wakuphayo amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Orca
Malo onse okhala ndi anamgumi opha akhala akuphunziridwa kwanthawi yayitali ndipo amaphatikizidwa m'mabuku ambiri owerengera ndi ma encyclopedia. Chifukwa cha moyo wanthawi zonse wa anamgumi opha, sizivuta kudziwa za kugawa kwawo m'madzi a World Ocean.
Popeza chakudya cha odyetsawa ndichachikulu komanso chosiyanasiyana, amadzipezera chakudya kulikonse - kuyambira kumadzi otentha mpaka ku madzi oundana. Zowona, anamgumi opha sakhala ofala kwenikweni kumadera otentha kuposa m'madzi ozizira komanso ozizira. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndimadyedwe omwewo ndikusankha malo abwino kwambiri okhala.
Chosangalatsa: Kwa madzi aku Russia, whale whale ndimomwe amakhala osowa kwenikweni. Anthu ang'onoang'ono amapezeka ku Mediterranean, White, Bering Seas, koma Azov ndi Black Sea alibe ufulu wokhala ndi anamgumi opha.
Kuti azikhala moyo wawofuwofu, nyamazi zimasankha malo oyenera kusaka, chakudya chokwanira. Chifukwa chake, samapezeka kwenikweni m'madzi otseguka kuposa pafupi ndi gombe. Malo omwe amakhala kwambiri ndi malo okhala pafupifupi 800 km km yamadzi am'mbali mwa nyanja.
Kodi whale whale amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Whale whale pagombe
Zakudya za whale whale mwina ndizosangalatsa kwambiri pankhani ya adani awa. Makhalidwe achilengedwe a anamgumi opha omwe amapezeka pakusintha amawalola kuti azisaka nyama zazikuluzikulu zomwe zimapezeka mu World Ocean. Chidziwitso chakupha nyama yansungu chinapatsa luso lake ungwiro. Amazembera ozunzidwa mwakachetechete osazindikira.
Wofufuza waku Scottish Erich Hoyt wasintha zomwe zapezeka ndikupeza kuti zakudya za anangumi zikuphatikiza:
- Mitundu 31 ya nsomba;
- Mitundu 9 ya mbalame;
- Mitundu iwiri ya cephalopods;
- Mitundu 1 ya akamba;
- nyanja otter.
Pakakhala chakudya chokwanira, anamgumi opha anzawo amakhala ochezeka kwambiri kwa anzawo ndipo amakhala bwino ndi anyani ena m'dera lomweli. Koma pankhani ya chakudya chochepa, anamgumi omwe ali ndi njala adzaukira ma dolphin ena, pinnipeds ndi anamgumi mosazengereza. Ndipo kukula kwake sikulibe kanthu: gulu lonse la anamgumi opha anthu limagwirira nyama yayikulu.
Zimphona izi zimafuna makilogalamu 50 mpaka 150 a chakudya tsiku lililonse. Banja lililonse lalikulu la anamgumi opha lili ndi zokonda zawo. Ena amakonda pinnipeds, ena - anyani ndi mbalame za m'nyanja, ena kusaka nsapato za hering'i.
Zosangalatsa: Anangumi opha amatha kuyang'ana m'madzi kufunafuna chakudya.
Pakusaka, anamgumi akupha amachita mogwirizana komanso modekha, osayesa kulanda chidutswa chokulirapo. Poona zochita zawo, mutha kutsatira njira inayake. Podziwa kuti masukulu a herring amakonda kugundana, anamgumi opha anzawo amawaponyera mu mtundu wina wa mpira, kenako amawakola nsomba ndi kumenyedwa kambiri kwa michira yamphamvu. Zitachitika izi, ziweto zimangoyamwa nsomba yopanda mphamvu yomwe imayandama pamwamba pamadzi.
Njira yosankhira zisindikizo kapena zisindikizo za anamgumi akupha ndiyosangalatsa nayo. Ngati ma pinniped akhazikika paphiri laling'ono, ndiye kuti wakupha anangotsitsimula mutu wamphamvu mwamphamvu pa ayezi, ndikungotaya nyama yawo m'madzi. Kuphatikiza apo, amatha kuponyera matupi awo pa ayezi ndipo, akungoyenda pamwamba pamimba pake, agwire anyani ndi ma pinniped komweko.
Ngati nkhomaliro nkhomaliro zikupeza chinsomba kapena nyama ina yayikulu yomwe singaphedwe kamodzi kokha, anamgumiwo amatulutsa wovulalayo pomuzunza mosalekeza mbali zosiyanasiyana, kutulutsa nyama, kuluma pakhungu ndi zipsepse mpaka kukana kutha. Mwayi wopulumuka pagulu lanjala pafupifupi zero.
Koma anthu, mosiyana ndi malingaliro ambiri, si chakudya chokongola cha anamgumi opha. Kuukira konse kwa anthu kunkachitidwa ndi nyama zovulala, kapena kunali kudziteteza.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Orca
Whale anamgumi amakhala m'matumba, omwe ali ndi miyambo yawo yosaka, chikhalidwe chawo komanso zomwe amakonda. Izi ndizofunikira pamoyo zimachitika chifukwa chakuti m'malo ena, anamgumi amapha amagawika m'magulu osiyana. Mwachitsanzo, anamgumi opha nyama zaku Pacific agawidwa ndi asayansi ofufuza m'magulu awiri: anamgumi okhala ndikukhala wakupha. Mwachilengedwe, oimira maguluwa samalumikizana ndipo samakwatirana, ngakhale nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'magawo omwewo.
Whale whale whale, kapena, monga amatchulidwanso, anamgumi opha anthu, amadyera makamaka nsomba ndipo nthawi zambiri amasaka pinnipeds. Whale whale wamtunduwu samachita mogwirizana ndi dzina loti whale whale ndi machitidwe ake komanso njira zosakira. Amasonkhana m'magulu a anthu 12-15, ndipo, pamzere kapena mzere, amasaka nsomba zamasukulu. Poterepa, kuwongolera mlengalenga ndikufufuza nyama zomwe zimapezeka chifukwa cha kutseguka kwachangu.
Ankhandwe opha nyama akusaka amakhala mwakachetechete kwambiri ndipo amangodziyang'ana okha pakumvera phokoso la nyanja, popeza omwe angatenge nyama amatha kumva "zikwangwani" zawo. Anangumi amenewa amapha anthu enieni. Amasaka m'magulu a anthu atatu kapena atatu, ndipo zakudya zawo ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi zomwe amakhala abale:
- dolphins;
- nyulu;
- mitundu yonse ya pinnipeds;
- otters a m'nyanja;
- mbalame zam'nyanja;
- anyani.
Chosangalatsa: "Pali zochitika pomwe anamgumi akupha anaukira agwape ndi agwenga akusambira m'mayendedwe ang'onoang'ono."
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Killer Whale Cub
Nyulu zakupha ndizochezera kwambiri ndipo zimagwirizana kwambiri. Pakusintha kwa mitunduyi, njira yakutulutsa chakudya chamagulu yakhazikika, chomwe ndichomwe chimapangitsa kuti pakhale gulu lazomwe amapha anamgumi. Maziko ake ndi gulu la amayi, lomwe limaphatikizapo mkazi wachikulire ndi ana ake osiyana siyana. Magulu amenewa amakhala ndi anthu pafupifupi 18 omwe ndi achibale awo. Nthawi zina wamwamuna amatha kutsogolera gulu lankhosa, koma milandu ngati imeneyi ndiyosowa kwambiri, mabanja olamulira mwamphamvu m'mabanja a anamgumi opha.
Gulu lirilonse limakhala ndi zizolowezi zolumikizirana, chomwe chimatchedwa chilankhulo, kutanthauza kuti ali mgulu linalake. Pakati pa paketi, anamgumi opha anzawo amakondana kwambiri ndipo amakhala ochezeka. Ngati mikangano ibuka pakati pawo, ndiye kuti imatha, monga lamulo, ndikumenya mokalipa kwa zipsepse kapena mchira pamadzi. Anangumi opha amasamalira achikulire ndi nyama zazing'ono.
Pofuna kusaka bwino komanso machitidwe ena ochezera, mapaketi amatha kusinthana mamembala a gulu pakati pawo. Amakhulupirira kuti ndi munthawi ngati izi pomwe anthu amakumana, zomwe zimatsimikizira kusakanikirana kwa magazi.
Pazaka zapakati pazaka 75-100, akazi amatha kutha msinkhu pafupifupi zaka 12-14, nthawi yobereka imapitilira mpaka atakwanitsa zaka 40. Amuna amakhala moyo wamfupi, pafupifupi zaka 50.
Chosangalatsa: Kutalika kwa nthawi yakufa kwa anamgumi omwe ali mu ukapolo kumachepetsedwa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi moyo wa anthu okhala m'malo awo achilengedwe.
Nthawi yoberekera kwa anamgumi achikazi sinakhazikitsidwe ndendende, koma ndi miyezi pafupifupi 16-17. Ana amabadwa pafupipafupi zaka pafupifupi 5, ndipo nthawi yochepa pakati pa kubadwa kwawo ndi zaka 2. Mkazi amatha kukhala ndi ana asanu ndi mmodzi m'moyo wake wonse.
Adani achilengedwe a anamgumi opha
Chithunzi: Zinyama zakupha m'nyanja
Chilengedwe chapatsa chinsomba chakupha ndi luntha lamphamvu, lomwe, lomwe likukula bwino munthawi ya chisinthiko, laliyika pamwamba pazomwe zimadya nyama zamtchire. Ndi ochepa chabe am'madzi omwe angayese kulimbana ndi chilombo champhamvu ichi, chifukwa chake, mwachilengedwe, namgumi wakupha alibe mdani.
Kupatula kwake ndi anamgumi amtundu wa humpback, omwe adawonedwa kangapo pochita zomwe zimasokoneza kusaka kwa anamgumi opha. Nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi nyama zodya nyama ndipo samakonda kudya omwe amadya nsomba. Pali nthawi zina pomwe obvutika amakhala oyamba kufikira anangumi akupha posaka nyama zina za cetacean kapena pinnipeds, koma nthawi zambiri amateteza ana awo kapena achichepere ku zovuta za adani omwe ali ndi njala. Zimphona izi zimakhala ndi zipsepse zazitali komanso zoyenda kwambiri, zomwe, zodzala ndi ma molluscs, zitha kukhala zida zowopsa.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Anamgumi a huumpback ndiomwe akuyimira zamoyo zam'madzi zomwe zingapangitse anamgumi opha kuthawa.
Chikhalidwe cha kutsutsana pakati pa anamgumi opha ndi anamgumi amtundu wina samamveka bwino. Ofufuza ena amakhulupirira kuti mtundu wina wodzipereka umachitika pano, womwe umapezeka nyama zakutchire, nyama zikamathamangira kukateteza osati abale awo okha, komanso oyimira mtundu wina.
Malinga ndi mtundu wina, zopindika zimakhudzidwa ndikumveka kwa anamgumi opha. Ndipo ngakhale nyama zodya nyama sizikhala chete, pakamenyedwa kapena zitangochitika, zimalankhulana. Mwina "zokambirana" izi ndizomwe zimakopa chidwi cha anamgumi. Mulimonsemo, zovuta zimakhala ndi chibadwa chophweka: ngati nyamayi zakupha ziukira wina pafupi, muyenera kuchitapo kanthu.
Ankhondo akupha amakhala olumikizana bwino ndi ma tiger shark, ma spha whale ndi ... anthu, powaganizira kuti akhoza kuvulaza kwambiri pakagwa mkangano.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Killer whale ndi cub
Ankhondo akupha afalikira m'nyanja, koma kuchuluka kwa anthu awo sikudziwika. Onse amatetezedwa pansi pa International Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA).
Zomwe zimayambitsa kuchepa kwa anthu opha nsomba sizikudziwika bwino ndipo kafukufuku ayenera kupitilirabe mpaka atapeza zambiri pazomwe zikuyenera kuchitidwa kuti zisinthe izi.
Nazi zifukwa zochepa chabe:
- kuchepa kwa kuchuluka ndi chakudya chomwe nyama zimapeza;
- zowononga za hydrosphere zomwe zimayambitsa kukanika kwa chitetezo chamthupi kapena ziwalo zoberekera;
- mafuta otayika;
- phokoso ndi kusokonekera kwa zombo zomwe zimasokoneza kukokoloka kwachilengedwe.
Whale whale wopatsidwa nzeru zangwiro kuti apulumuke, koma chifukwa chakusokonekera kwapadziko lonse lapansi kwa anthu pachilengedwe cha Nyanja Yadziko Lonse, anthu anali atatsala pang'ono kutha. Magulu ambiri ofufuza, asayansi, mabungwe azachilengedwe adateteza nyama yapamadzi yapaderayi komanso yamphamvu. Muzochita zawo, akuyesera kupeza njira zabwino zotetezera kuchuluka kwa anamgumi akupha ndikuwathandiza kuti asathere padziko lapansi.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 17.03.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 09/15/2019 pa 18:13
