Atakopeka ndi zinsinsi zakuya kwa nyanja, anthu akhala akuyesetsa kwanthawi yayitali kuti adziwe bwino anthu okhala mmenemo. M'dziko lamadzi lolemera kwambiri, lomwe lidabala mitundu yonse yodziwika kwa ife, mutha kupezanso cholengedwa chodabwitsa ngati mpira wa nsombaAmadziwikanso kuti blowfish, puffer kapena tetraodon.
Nsomba zodabwitsazi zili ndi dzina ili chifukwa chakapangidwe kathupi kawo: panthawi yangozi, zimafufuma ngati mpira motero zimawopseza mdani. Chifukwa cha chitetezo chodabwitsa ichi, ma tetraodon amapezeka paliponse.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Mpira wa nsomba
Ma Tetraodons, mamembala a banja la blowfish, adafotokozedwa koyamba ndi Carl Linnaeus mu 1758. Asayansi amavutika kudziwa zaka zenizeni za yemwe amatukuka, koma amavomereza kuti zaka mazana angapo zapitazo mtunduwu udasiyana ndi mtundu wina, wotchedwa sunfish.
Mpaka pano, sayansi ili ndi mitundu yoposa zana ya nsomba izi, makamaka zomwe zimakhala m'madzi amchere otentha a m'nyanja za Pacific, Indian ndi Atlantic. Mitundu ina ya nsomba zamchere zimakonda kukhazikika ndikuswana m'madzi abwino. Komabe, kuti pakhale nyumba zabwino za ma tetraodon, kudzipatula ndikofunikira: amakonda kukhazikika pakati pa miyala yamchere kapena zomera zowirira, ndipo nthawi zambiri amakonda kusungulumwa kapena moyo pasukulu yaying'ono.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Mpira wa nsomba wokhala ndi msana
Chifukwa cha ma subspecies osiyanasiyana, nsomba za mpira zitha kuwoneka zosiyana kwambiri, koma zimakhala ndi zina zodziwika bwino:
Chifukwa chake, kutalika kumatha kufikira 5 mpaka 67 cm, kutengera chilengedwe chomwe akukhalamo. Mtundu wa ma tetraodon, nthawi zambiri, umasiyanasiyana kuyambira bulauni mpaka kubiriwira, koma mtundu wamtundu uliwonse umasiyana, ndipo anthuwo ndianthu.
Thupi lafishfish ndilonenepa, lopindika, lokhala ndi mutu waukulu komanso maso otakata. Limodzi mwa mayina ake - puffer - nsomba ya mpira imakhala ndi mano anayi akulu omwe adakulirakulira kumtunda ndi kumtunda, chifukwa chake munthuyo amakhala wolusa wowopsa ndipo amakakamizidwa kudya miyala yamiyala yamiyala kapena anthu okhala ndi chipolopolo chachitini.
Skalozubov ndi achangu komanso osambira mwachangu chifukwa cha zipsepse zawo zam'mimba. Kuphatikiza apo, ma subspecies onse a nsomba za mpira amakhala ndi mchira wolimba, womwe umawalola kusambira ngakhale mbali ina.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zapadera za tetraodon ndi khungu lake lodana ndi nsomba, lokutidwa ndi mitsempha yaying'ono, osati masikelo. Pakakhala zoopsa, nsomba zikatuphuka, mitsempha iyi imapereka chitetezo chowonjezera - imakhala pamalo owongoka ndipo salola kuti nyamayo imumeze blowfish.
Kanema: Mpira wa nsomba
Njira yapadera yodzitetezera ku nsomba ya mpira yomwe yapangitsa kuti ikhale yosangalatsa kwa anthu ndikuthekera kwake kofufuzira thupi lake. Kusonkhanitsa madzi kapena mpweya kutuluka m'matumba, kumachita ngati mphuno ngati pampu, nkhonya imatha kukulira kangapo. Chifukwa cha kusowa kwa nthiti, njirayi imayang'aniridwa ndi minofu yapadera, yomwe imathandizira nsomba kuchotsa madzi amadzimadzi kapena mpweya, kuwamasula kudzera mkamwa ndi m'mitsempha.
Ndizosangalatsa kuti ndikupeza mpweya, nsomba za mpira sizimagwira, koma zimapitilirabe kupuma, pogwiritsa ntchito mitsempha komanso mabowo a khungu.
Njira yothandiza kwambiri yotetezera otupa ndi kuwopsa kwake. Khungu, minofu ndi chiwindi cha mitundu yambiri zimadzazidwa ndi poizoni wakupha wa tetrodotoxin, yemwe, akamalowa m'mimba, amayamba kupuwalitsa wovulalayo, kenako ndikupha momvetsa chisoni. N'zosadabwitsa kuti munthu anasankha mmodzi wa oimira nsomba za nsomba - puffer nsomba - monga chokoma chake. Anthu osachepera zana limodzi amamwalira chaka chilichonse chifukwa chodya. Komabe, si mitundu yonse ya tetraodon yomwe ili ndi poizoni, ndipo ina imakhala yotetezeka kusunga m'nyumba yanu ya aquarium.
Kodi nsomba za mpira zimakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Mpira wa poizoni
Amapezeka ponseponse, ma tetraodon amakonda kukhazikika m'madzi am'mphepete mwa nyanja ndipo amapezeka kawirikawiri kuzama. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'madzi otentha a Philippines ndi Indonesia, India ndi Malaysia. Pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a nsomba zotchedwa pufferfish zimakhala m'madzi opanda mchere, kuphatikizapo fahak, yomwe imakhala makamaka mumtsinje wa Nailo; mbu, amene amakonda madzi a Mtsinje wa Congo; ndi takifugu kapena puffer wodziwika, amakhala ku Pacific Ocean komanso m'madzi oyera a China.
Ma subspecies ena amakhala ndi moyo wotsatirawu: kukhala m'madzi amchere, nthawi yopuma kapena kufunafuna chakudya, amabwera akasupe atsopano kapena amchere. Atafalikira motere padziko lonse lapansi, nsomba za mpira zimakhala zomasuka m'malo aliwonse kupatula ukapolo, zimakhala zovuta kuswana ndipo zimafunikira chisamaliro chapadera m'mayendedwe am'madzi.
Kodi nsomba ya mpira imadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Mpira wa nsomba
Omwe amadzizunza ndi olimba mtima. Amanyalanyaza ndere ngati chakudya, ma tetraodon amasangalala kudya chakudya chokhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri: mphutsi, nsomba mwachangu ndi nkhono, nkhono ndi nkhanu. Wosangalala mwachilengedwe, nsomba zamtundu wa mpira sizisiya zizolowezi zawo m'malo awo achilengedwe, osati mu ukapolo, amatha kudya nthawi zonse.
Ndizosangalatsa kuti mbale zomwe zimalowetsa mano a tetraodon zimakula mkati mwa moyo wawo wonse. Chilengedwe chimadziwa zitsanzo zingapo zakusintha koteroko, ndipo kulikonse zimathetsedwa mwanjira imodzi: munthuyo akupera mano akukula. Chifukwa chaichi Skalozub amadya nyama zazinyama zambiri zokhala ndi chipolopolo cholimba ndikumaneta m'miyala yamiyala.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Nsomba zothwanima
Khalidwe laukali la anthu omwe amadzikuza lawapatsa mbiri yotchuka. Nthawi zambiri amayembekezera zoopsa, ndikukhala ndi njira zopanda chitetezo, pufferfish imakula ndikumawopsyeza mdani wawo. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito maluso nthawi zonse sikupindulitsa eni ake. Kupuma kwamunthu panthawi yamasinthidwe kumathamangitsa kasanu, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa kugunda kwa mtima. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale amakhala okonzeka nthawi zonse kuukira, nsomba ya mpira imakonda kukhala payekha.
Nsomba zamiyendo zimakonda kuteteza madera awo ndipo musakhululukire zolowererapo za mdani, modzitchinjiriza. Polimbana, nsomba zam'madzi zimajambulitsa ndi kuphwanya zipsepse za nsomba zina, kuchita izi ngati gawo lomenyera gawo, ndipo nthawi zina chifukwa chotsutsana.
Nsomba zamiyala, mosasamala mtundu wawo, zimatsatira njira yoyenera ya tsiku ndi tsiku: amadzuka dzuwa litatuluka, amagona dzuwa litalowa. Masana amakhala ndi moyo wosaka mwakhama. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazifukwa zomwe omwe akufuna kukhala ndi nsomba zamchere kunyumba kwawo samalangizidwa kuti azikhala ndi kampani yolakwika. Mbalame ya blowfish imadya onse okhala, kapena kuwawona ngati magwero a kupsinjika ndipo, chifukwa cha kupsinjika kwamanjenje, imwalira msanga. Ali mu ukapolo, ma tetraodon amakhala zaka 5-10, pomwe amakhala m'malo awo achilengedwe amakhala nthawi yayitali.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Mpira wa nsomba
Chifukwa chodzipatula, tetraodon nthawi zambiri samapanga ubale wolimba, posankha kukhala moyo wolondola molondola. Chida chovomerezeka kwambiri chazithumwa ndi masukulu ang'onoang'ono kapena maanja. Achinyamata, oimira mitunduyo amakhala odekha, koma akamakula, umunthu wawo umakulirakulira ndipo amachitiridwa nkhanza.
Oimira mitunduyo ali okonzeka kuberekanso ali ndi zaka chimodzi kapena zitatu. Nthawi yobereka, amuna ndi akazi amachita mwambowu: wamwamuna amathamangira mkazi, ndipo ngati sakugwirizana ndi chibwenzi chake kwanthawi yayitali, amatha kuluma. Amuna, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi utoto wonyezimira komanso ang'onoang'ono, amapita nawo mwachangu kumalo achinsinsi, otetezedwa. Kumeneko amaikira mazira, ndipo nthawi yomweyo wamwamuna amamupatsa feteleza. Mitundu ina yonyada imakonda kutera m'madzi apamwamba. Mkazi amatha kuikira mazira mazana asanu nthawi imodzi.
N'zochititsa chidwi kuti bambo amasamalira ana a mtundu uwu. Ndipo kale mu sabata lachiwiri la moyo, ma tetraodon ang'onoang'ono amatha kusambira okha.
M'masabata oyambilira amoyo, mitundu yonse yaying'ono ya blowfish imakhala ndi chipolopolo chaching'ono, chomwe chimazimiririka pang'onopang'ono, ndipo minga imapanga m'malo mwake. Mpira umayamba msanga, ndipo patatha mwezi umasiyana ndi achikulire pochepera komanso kukula kwamitundu: mu nsomba zazing'ono zimakhala zosiyana kwambiri. Mothandizidwa ndi mitundu yowala, achinyamata amayesetsa kupewa zomwe zingawopseze ndikuwopseza adani. Pofuna kudziteteza, nyama zazing'ono zimakondanso kubisala m'malo obisika: m'nkhalango kapena pansi.
Achinyamata ndi omwe amalumikizidwa kwambiri. Amatha kukhala pamodzi mosiyanasiyana popanda kuwononga aliyense. Chikhalidwe cha makangano chimayamba kudziwonetsa chokha mwaukali kokha ndi ukalamba. Osiyanasiyana akuyenera kudziwa kuti sikulimbikitsidwa kuti musunge amuna opitilira m'modzi mu aquarium panthawi yopanga ukapolo kuti kuberekana kwabwino. Chifukwa chaukali, kupikisana kumatha msanga kukhala ndewu, yomwe ithetsa imfa yamwamuna m'modzi.
Natural adani nsomba mpira
Chithunzi: Mpira wa nsomba
Chifukwa cha njira yodzitchinjiriza yapadera, nkhanza komanso kulakalaka moyo wachinsinsi, blowfish alibe adani achilengedwe. Komabe, sanapulumuke tsoka loti akhale gawo lazakudya zopatsa thanzi chifukwa cha chikhalidwe cha wolusa wamkulu - munthu.
Amadziwika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa cha poyizoni, nsomba za mpira, ndi chimodzi mwazakudya zazikulu zaku Japan. Ngakhale amafa nsomba izi zimabweretsa anthu chaka chilichonse, ma gourmets amapitilizabe kuwadya.
Mpaka 60% ya anthu omwe asankha kuphika okha nsomba za puffer, woimira brightfish, amwalira ndi poyizoni ndi poyizoni wamitsempha.
Ku Japan, pali chiphaso chapadera chomwe chimaperekedwa kwa ophika omwe aphunzitsidwa kuphika mbale yakuphayo. Monga mukudziwa, kugwiritsa ntchito chiwindi cha fugu ndi thumba losunga mazira, popeza kumakhala ndi poyizoni wambiri, ndikoletsedwa. Mpaka pano, palibe mankhwala ochiritsira poyizoni, ndipo omwe akuvulalawo amathandizidwa kusunga magazi ndi kupuma mpaka zotsatira za poyizoni zitachepa.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, si mitundu yonse ya subspecies ya nsomba yomwe ili ndi poyizoni, ndipo ina imatha kudyedwa bwinobwino!
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Mpira wa nsomba
Lero, pali ma subspecies opitilira zana a nsomba za mpira. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti mtundu uwu sunasankhidwepo, chifukwa chake, mitundu yonse yomwe ilipo, blowfish imangobwera chifukwa cha chisinthiko. Nawa oimira odziwika a subspecies:
Tetraodon wamtali ndiye membala wocheperako pamtunduwo, mpaka kutalika kwa 7 sentimita m'litali. Anthu ali ndi mtundu wowala komanso wowala, kuphatikiza apo, amatha kusintha momwe zinthu zilili. Chifukwa chake, mukamizidwa m'madzi ozama, mtundu wa puffer umachita mdima. Amuna ochokera kwa akazi amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi utoto wochepa kwambiri wadzikomo, ndi mikwingwirima yaying'ono yomwe imayenda mthupi lawo.
Malo achilengedwe amtunduwu wa tetraodon ndi madzi abwino a Indochina ndi Malaysia. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi mitundu iyi yomwe imakonda kwambiri kukhala mu ukapolo chifukwa chaubwenzi wawo komanso kukula kwake koyenera, komanso kusowa kwa mavuto pakubereka.
White-anasonyeza arotron - chidwi ndi yowala nthumwi zafishfish. Amapezeka makamaka m'miyala yamchere ya Pacific, imapezekanso pagombe lakum'mawa kwa Africa, komanso ku Japan, komanso kuchokera pachilumba cha Easter.
Mbali yapadera ya kudzitukumula kumeneku ndi mitundu yosintha moyo. kotero, muunyamata, mpira wa nsomba uli ndi bulauni yakuda kapena mtundu wakuda, wosungunuka ndimabala ambiri amkaka. Pakatikati pa moyo, thupi limayamba kusanduka chikasu, likadali lokutidwa ndi madontho oyera, omwe amatha kwathunthu kumapeto kwa moyo, ndikusiya anthu ndi mtundu wagolide woyela.
Ngakhale ma subspecies awa, mosiyana ndi anzawo, alibe zipsepse zam'chiuno, ma tetraodon amakhalabe anthete komanso osambira osalala. Komanso, izi sizimawasintha ngakhale atakhala pachiwopsezo: pokhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino ozungulira, sataya mwayi wosambira mwachangu, chifukwa chovuta chilombo kuwapeza. Izi zikachitika, ndipo wankhanza wakwanitsa kugwira ndikumeza wopwetekayo, zotsatira zake zowopsa sizingapeweke.
Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, poizoni wa nsomba ya mpira ndi wamphamvu kwambiri mwakuti amatha kupha shaki!
Tetraodon Fahaca ndi yankhanza kwambiri ndipo ndi imodzi mwamitundu yayikulu kwambiri yamafishfish. Amapezeka makamaka m'madzi aku Africa, amapezeka mumtsinje wa Nailo. Ndikovuta kwambiri, imavomereza kukhala mndende, ndipo siyimera m'nyanja.
Kapangidwe ka chithunzithunzi ichi sichimasiyana ndi mitundu ina yamtunduwu: imatha kutupa, ilibe zipsepse m'chiuno ndipo imakutidwa ndi mitsempha. Mtundu wake umasinthasintha mkati mwa bulauni wachikaso-choyera, ndipo mphamvu yake imachepa ndi ukalamba. Thupi la nsombayi limakhala ndi poyizoni wambiri ndipo kulumikizana nalo ndi kowopsa kwambiri, chifukwa chake anthuwa samalimbikitsidwa ngati nzika zam'madzi. Ndiyeneranso kupewa kudya fahak.
Tetraodon Mbu ndiye nyama yayikulu kwambiri yafishfish, yomwe imatha kufikira masentimita makumi asanu ndi awiri m'litali. Kukhazikika m'madzi oyera a ku Africa, kuphulika kumeneku sikungatheke. Pokhala ndi mawonekedwe achitetezo amtundu wonsewo, ma subspecies awa amawagwiritsa ntchito bwino kwambiri: mpira wonyezimira, 70 cm m'mimba mwake komanso wodzaza ndi tetrodotoxin, samakonda kukopa ngakhale nyama zolusa kwambiri.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, ngakhale kulibe zoopseza zenizeni m'malo ake achilengedwe, tetraodon ndiwankhanza kwambiri, ndipo imatha kuchitira nkhanza zosasaka pakusaka. Iye sakudziwa konse kukhala bwino ndi oyandikana nawo ndipo amakonda kukhala payekha kumagulu ochezera.
Takifugu kapena fugu ndi mtundu wodziwika bwino kwambiri wa nsomba za mpira, womwe, chifukwa chakumva kwake, wakhala umodzi wazakudya zowopsa kwambiri padziko lapansi. Zopezeka m'madzi amchere a Pacific Ocean, mitundu ya fugu ndi gawo lofunikira pachikhalidwe chaku Japan chophikira.
Amadziwika kuti kudzitamandira sikumatulutsa poizoni palokha, koma kumawunjikiza pamoyo wake ndi chakudya chomwe amadya. Chifukwa chake, anthu omwe adaleredwa mu ukapolo ndipo osadya mabakiteriya enieni alibe vuto lililonse.
Wokongola komanso woseketsa mmbali mwake, mpira wa nsomba ndi chilombo chowopsa komanso chotsekemera chakupha chomwe chimadziwika komanso kumakondedwa m'maiko ambiri aku Asia. Mitundu yama tetraodon imakupatsani mwayi wokomana nawo pafupifupi kulikonse padziko lapansi ndikuwona kukongola kwawo komanso malo awo okhala.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 03/10/2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 09/18/2019 pa 21:03
