Mtundu wofala kwambiri wa njoka zopanda poizoni ndi kale, kapena monga amatchedwanso - weniweni. Dzina lawo lachi Russia limachokera ku liwu lakale lachi Slavonic "uzh". Imaimira chingwe. Oimira banja laling'onoting'ono kunja kwenikweni amafanana ndi chingwe chaching'ono, chingwe. Amakhala pafupifupi kontinenti yonse ya Eurasia, komwe kumakhala kotentha.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: O
Njoka zenizeni ndizosavuta kusiyanitsa ndi mitundu ina ya njoka. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndimiyeso yaying'ono komanso zolemba pamutu - "makutu achikaso". Zosazolowereka kwambiri ndi zoyera, malalanje. Amuna ndi akazi a njoka alibe kusiyana kwakunja. Mutha kusiyanitsa wamwamuna ndi wamkazi pokhapokha kukula kwa mchira.
Yaimuna imakhala yokulirapo, imakhala yolimba, ndipo mwa mkazi imafupikitsa komanso yopanda. Ma biotopes am'madzi ndi malo okondedwa kwambiri kwa oimira banja lomwe lapangidwa kale. Njoka izi zimakhazikika pafupi ndi matupi amadzi, madambo, mitsinje. Njoka ndi osambira abwino kwambiri komanso "osiyanasiyana". Amatha kukhala pansi pamadzi kwa nthawi yayitali.
Mtundu wa njoka zenizeni umaphatikizapo mitundu inayi:
- Wamba kale;
- Madzi;
- Viper kale;
- Colchis.
Zosangalatsa: Njoka ndizosavuta kuweta. Nyama izi zimalekerera ukapolo nthawi zambiri; zikaphunzitsidwa bwino, zimawongoleredwa mosavuta. Zanyumba sizachilendo ku Russia, Ukraine, Belarus.
M'mayiko ena, njoka ndizofala. Amapezeka mosavuta m'nkhalango, pafupi ndi mtsinje kapena chithaphwi. Munthu sayenera kuopa nyama zoterezi. Iwo ali otetezeka kwathunthu. Zokwawa izi sizidziwa kuluma. Kutalika - amatha kungokanda khungu pang'ono. Koma kuti tipeze kuwonongeka koteroko kuyenera kuyesa. Mitundu yambiri yamtundu imazimiririka pomwe munthu wayandikira. Ndizovuta kuwagwira.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Snake Uzh
Kale m'malingaliro a anthu ambiri pali njoka yaying'ono. Komabe, sizikhala choncho nthawi zonse. Ambiri mwa omwe akuyimira mitundu iyi, ali ndi kutalika kwakanthawi - masentimita opitilira khumi ndi asanu. Komabe, pali njoka, kutalika kwake kumatha kufika mamita atatu ndi theka. Pali ocheperako.
Kanema: O
Thupi la reptile ndi locheperako, lokutidwa ndi masikelo, mutu wake sutchuka kwenikweni. Mutu nthawi zambiri umatetezedwa ndi ma scult oyenda bwino. Mu mitundu ina, ziphuphu zimafotokozedwa momveka bwino, mwa zina, zimakhala zosawoneka. Mitundu itatu ya ana imakhala yofanana m'banja la ana opapatiza: yopingasa, yozungulira ngati yozungulira, yozungulira. Pamapeto pa thupi, njokayo imakhala ndi mchira wawung'ono. Ndipafupifupi kasanu kuposa thupi. Mawonekedwe amchirawo amasiyanasiyana, koma chofala kwambiri ndi chojambulacho.
Zosangalatsa: Njoka zimakhala ndi nyengo zosungunuka. Khungu lakale limakhetsedwa ndi chikho. Izi zimachitika nthawi zambiri podutsa mipata yaying'ono.
Mtundu wakumbuyo kwa nyama umatha kukhala wosiyanasiyana. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ndi iyi:
- emarodi wobiriwira;
- azitona;
- chokoleti bulauni;
- phulusa la imvi;
- chakuda;
- zofiirira mithunzi yofiira.
Mtundu wakumbuyo ukhoza kukhala wolimba kapena kukhala ndi mawanga. Mimba ya chokwawa nthawi zambiri imakhala yowala: imvi, yoyera kapena yachikasu. Ikhozanso kukhala ndi mawanga, mikwingwirima yakutali. Pakamwa pake, njokazo zili ndi lilime lokakamiza, mano ang'ono ndi akuthwa. Mano amatha kusiyanasiyana kukula, mawonekedwe. Mano omwe ali pachibwano chapamwamba nthawi zambiri amakula kukula kulowera kummero.
Amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Ali kale wamba
Kwa moyo, amasankha yekha malo omwe pali madzi ndi chinyezi chachikulu. Amakhala m'midzi, mapiri, pafupi ndi mitsinje, mayiwe ndi nyanja. Njoka ndizofala pafupifupi ku Europe konse, kupatula madera otentha kwambiri (pafupi ndi Arctic Circle). Komanso, anthu ena amapezeka m'malo ena a ku Africa. Kupatula kwake ndi malo owuma kwambiri.
Mitundu ina ya zokwawa zotere zimakhala kuzilumba za Philippines ndi Japan. Amapezeka ku Asia, Australia. Ku Belarus, Ukraine, Russia, amakhala pafupifupi gawo lonselo. Ena oimira kale-mawonekedwe amasiyana ndi mabanja awo. M'malo mokhala ndi madambo, malo achinyezi, amakonda dothi lamchenga komanso nyengo youma. Komabe, zokwawa zotero ndizochepa.
Njoka zobowola zimapezekanso pakati pa oimira omwe apangidwa kale. Amasankha nkhalango kuti azikhalamo. Masana kapena usiku, zokwawa zimatha kubisala pansi pamiyala, masamba, m'mitsinje, ngati sizifunikira kusaka. Njoka zakuthwa, mwachitsanzo, zimakonda kukhala m'nthaka. Amadzibisa dala m'nthaka, ndikuwonjezera mchenga. Amagwira ntchito usiku wokha. Masana amatha kuwoneka pafupipafupi - mchaka, pakatuluka dzuwa.
Chimadya chiyani kale?
Chithunzi: Zochepa
Njoka zambiri zimakonda kudya nsomba ndi amphibiya. "Zakudya" zomwe amakonda kwambiri ndi achule, tadpoles, tinsomba tosiyanasiyana tosiyanasiyana. Koma pakalibe, oimira ena amphibiya - achule amitengo, zitsamba - amapitanso ngati chakudya. Kuphatikiza apo, zokwawa zazikulu zimatha kudya abuluzi ndi njoka zina, ngakhale mtundu wawo. Nthawi zina mazira abuluzi amasanduka chakudya chamadzulo.
Komanso, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, timadontho-timadontho, makoswe, makoswe ang'onoang'ono, mbewa zowuluka, mbalame zazing'ono, agologolo, anapiye, ndi mazira a mbalame nthawi zambiri zimakhala chakudya. Mitundu yokwawa yokwawa imadya mollusks, mavuvu, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, mphutsi, mbozi.
Zosangalatsa: Njoka sizipha nyama zawo usanadye chakudya. Amameza amoyo. Ndikosavuta kumeza chakudya chochepa, koma muyenera kumayamwa ndi nyama zokwawa zazikulu. Izi zimachitika kuti kumeza kumachedwa ngakhale kwa maola angapo.
Njoka zimakhala ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zosakira. Pamtunda, amayesetsa kutsatira chakudya chawo chamtsogolo, ndipo m'madzi amatha kudikirira mphindi yoyenera. Komanso, zokwawa za banja lino sizingakhale popanda kumwa mowa wambiri. Amamwa madzi ambiri, koma sangathe kudya. Pambuyo pa kudya chakudya, zokwawa zimatha kufa ndi njala masiku angapo osawononga thanzi.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Njoka
Zokwawa za banja ili zimagwira ntchito masana. Amapita kukasaka m'mawa, nthawi zina madzulo. Masana, amatha kutentha padzuwa. Sagittarius ndi nyama yogwira ntchito. Amadziwa kukwera mwaluso pamitengo, kuthana ndi zopinga zosiyanasiyana, kusambira ndi kusambira. Wamkulu amatha kukhala m'madzi nthawi yayitali.
Kwa moyo wonse, njoka zamtunduwu sizimangodzipangira zokhazokha. Amatha kugona usiku m'malo obisika: pamulu wa masamba, pansi pa mizu ya mitengo yakale, mnyumba zosungiramo udzu komanso m'malo akulu azinyumba. Ngati nthaka yake ndi yofewa, chokwawa chimatha kudzilowera chokha ndikubisala usiku.
Chikhalidwe cha njokazi chingatchedwe ochezeka. Sachita ndewu, samenya munthu. Titawona anthu, chokwawa choterocho chimakonda kubisala kuti chisachiwonekere. Mukamagwira njoka, muwona mitundu itatu yamisampha ya nyama izi, yomwe amagwiritsa ntchito podziteteza. Choyamba, chokwawa chimayamba kulira ndikumenyera nkhondo mdani. Ngati izi sizikuwopsyeza, ndiye kuti atulutsa fungo lonyansa nthawi yomweyo. Ngati chinyengo ichi sichithandiza, ndiye kuti akungoyerekeza kuti wamwalira.
Ngati ambiri omwe ali ngati omwe akuchita kale, ndiye kuti njoka zamadzi zimakonda moyo wofanana. Usiku samangoyenda, masana amalima pang'onopang'ono madzi. Zikakhala zoopsa, nyamazi zimabisala pansi.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Wakuda kale
Aliyense amadutsa magawo ena amakulidwe m'moyo wawo. Makamaka, kutha msinkhu kumachitika kokha mchaka chachitatu kapena chachinayi. Ndi pa msinkhu uwu pamene njoka zimayamba kufunafuna bwenzi lokhalira ndi kubereka. Nyengo yokwanira ya zokwawa izi imayamba kumapeto kwa Epulo ndipo imatha kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Njoka zimapeza mnzake, mnzake ndipo zazikazi zimaikira mazira m'gawo limodzi.
Njoka ndizobereka zokwanira. Mkazi amatha kuikira mazira sikisi mpaka makumi atatu pa nthawi imodzi. Mazirawo amayikidwa mofewa, nthawi zambiri amamatira limodzi. Ana amtsogolo kale panthawiyi amafunikira chitetezo ndi chisamaliro, chifukwa chake njoka nthawi zonse zimakhala pafupi ndi zowalamulira.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Mazira a zokwawa zotere amafunikira chisamaliro chapadera ndi chitetezo. Amafa chifukwa chouma ndi kuzizira. Chifukwa chake, njoka zimawakonzera malo otentha ndi malo achinyezi kwa iwo pasadakhale. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala mulu wa masamba owola kapena mulu wa manyowa.
Mazirawo amayamba kukula m'thupi la mayi. Kumeneko amapita m'magawo oyamba. Mu mazira, ana amatha kuwonekera kale. Nthawi yosakaniza imatha pafupifupi masabata asanu ndi atatu. Nthawi imeneyi, ana amakula mpaka masentimita khumi ndi asanu m'litali. Atangosiya mazira, achinyamata amayamba kukhala moyo wodziyimira pawokha.
Adani achilengedwe a njoka
Chithunzi: Ali kale m'chilengedwe
Kale - chokwawa chaching'ono, chomwe chili kutali ndi pamwamba pa unyolo. Zokwawa izi nthawi zambiri zimakhudzidwa ndi nyama zina komanso tizilombo.
Akuluakulu nthawi zambiri amaukiridwa ndi:
- nkhandwe;
- mink;
- martens;
- ziwombankhanga;
- adokowe;
- zida.
Amakhalanso nyama zakutchire. Sachita manyazi kudya madontho a mphiri. Anthu amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu kwa akuluakulu. Ena amagwidwa kuti asungidwe kunyumba, ena amaphedwa chifukwa chosangalala. Njoka zimamvanso pansi pa matayala amgalimoto, mwangozi zili panjira. Zowopsa zina zimawopseza ana ndi mazira a njoka. Njoka zazing'ono zimadyedwa ndi mbalame, makoswe. Makoswe ang'onoang'ono ngakhale nyerere zimadya mazira.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Zokwawa kale
Zofanana kale zimatumizidwa kumabanja akulu. Mulinso mitundu yoposa chikwi chimodzi ndi theka ya zokwawa zomwe zimakhala pafupifupi m'makontinenti onse. Oimira amtundu uwu sangapezeke ku Antarctica kokha. Kuteteza kwawo ndikwachilendo. Kuchuluka kwa zokwawa izi sikudetsa nkhawa kwenikweni.
Njoka izi ndizochuluka kwambiri mdera la Belarus, Russia ndi Ukraine. Amapezeka pafupi ndi matupi amadzi, mitsinje, nkhalango ndi minda. Komabe, simuyenera kuopa njoka. Chokwawa ngati ichi sichowopsa, sichitha. Njoka zina zimakhala ndi poizoni. Komabe, poizoni wawo amapha nyama zing'onozing'ono zokha.
Ngakhale anthu wamba, m'malo ena a Russia nyama iyi ndiyosowa ndipo imalembedwa mu Red Book la madera ena. Chitsanzo chingakhale dera la Moscow. M'madera ngati amenewa, chokwawa chimenechi chimafunika chitetezo.
Kuteteza njoka
Chithunzi: O
Palibe chifukwa cholankhulira zakutha kwa njoka. Nyama izi zimakhala ndi anthu ambiri, zimagawidwa pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi. Komabe, m'madera ena a mayiko, njoka zalembedwa mu Red Book, zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kuchepa kwakukulu kwa chiwerengerocho.
Zinthu zotsatirazi zimakhudza kuchepa kwa njoka:
- kuipitsa chilengedwe;
- kudula mitengo mwachangu. Zomwe zidapangidwa kale zilibe malo okwanira oikira mazira ndikulera ana;
- kuipitsa matupi amadzi. Izi zimakhudza makamaka kuchuluka kwa njoka zam'madzi, zomwe matupi amadzi ndi komwe amakhala.
M'madera ena momwe kale zalembedwa mu Red Book, malo otetezedwa amapangidwa m'malo okhala ndi mitunduyo. Njoka zimadziwika ndi ambiri kuyambira ali mwana. Ndiotetezedwa, njoka zazing'ono zomwe zimapezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi. Samapweteketsa anthu, amasamalidwa mosavuta, ndipo akakumana, amangokanda khungu pang'ono. Oimira banja la njoka si nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha, koma m'mizinda ina ndi zigawo zina chiwerengero chawo chikuchepa pang'onopang'ono chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwachilengedwe komanso zochitika zaanthu.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 21.02.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 18.09.2019 pa 10:05
