Gulugufe wodziwika bwino - nthumwi yowala ya Lepidoptera. Amapezeka nthawi zambiri m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, m'mapaki amzindawu. Dzina lachi Latin la ma nymphalids ndiosavomerezeka - Vanessa atalanta, kufotokoza kwa sayansi mu 1758 kunaperekedwa ndi wasayansi waku Sweden K. Linnaeus.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Butterfly ya Admiral
Lepidopterists, anthu omwe adapereka miyoyo yawo kwa agulugufe, nthawi zambiri amawapatsa mayina omwe amagwirizana ndi nthano. Kukongola kwathu kunatenga dzina lake lachilatini atalanta, politenga kuchokera kwa mwana wamkazi wa mfumu ya Arcadia, yemwe adaponyedwa m'nkhalango ndi makolo omwe amayembekezera kubadwa kwa mwana wawo wamwamuna, komwe adayamwitsa ndi chimbalangondo.
Admirals ndi am'banja la Vaness. Ndi oimira ena a banja la nymphalid, zimakhudzana ndi kupezeka kwa maburashi kumiyendo yofupikitsidwa yakutsogolo, alibe zikhadabo, mitsempha yamapiko ilibe thicken. Lepidoptera ya tizilombo timatchedwa chifukwa mapikowo amakhala ndi masikelo, tsitsi losinthidwa mosiyanasiyana. Amayikidwa m'mphepete mwa mapiko m'mizere, ngati matailosi, m'munsi mwake mulunjika mthupi, pamphepete mwaulere kumapeto kwa mapiko. Mafulemuwa amakhala ndi njere za mtundu wa pigment.
Kanema: Admiral Butterfly
Mamba ena, otchedwa androconia, amalumikizidwa ndi tiziwalo timene timatulutsa fungo. Umu ndi momwe amuna amakopeka ndi anzawo pakununkhiza. Monga nthumwi zonse za detachment, Admirals anaonekera posachedwapa, kuchokera nthawi maphunziro apamwamba. Mapiko akutsogolo a zotchinga zazikuluzikulu kuposa zam'mbuyo, amalumikizana wina ndi mnzake pogwiritsa ntchito zingwe zoyipa.
Chosangalatsa: Mukapindidwa, opendekera akulu kutsogolo amakhala mkati, ndipo chifukwa chakumbuyo, ngodya yakutsogolo yokha imawonekera.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Butterfly Butterfly waku Russia
Phiko lakumaso limayeza kutalika kwa 26-34.5 mm ndipo kutalika kwake ndi 50-65 mm. Pamwambapa pamakhala yakuda, yofiirira.
Mtundu wa mapiko akutsogolo:
- pali notch yaying'ono kunja kwa kumapeto;
- pamwamba, mzere wa mawanga oyera umathamanga chimodzimodzi ndi m'mbali mwake;
- pafupi pang'ono pamutu pali malo amodzi otambalala;
- mikwingwirima yofiira, yofiira ya carmine imayenda mozungulira.
Mtundu wakumbuyo wamapiko:
- malire ofiira a carmine amayenda m'munsi mwake;
- pali kadontho kakuda mu lililonse la magawo asanu a bala lowala;
- pakona yotsika kwambiri mutha kuwona kachidutswa kabuluu kawiri kokhala ndi mawonekedwe akuda.
Mzere woyera, wopyapyala woyera umatchinga mapiko onse anayi. Pansi pake pamakhala papakelo koma pamawangamawanga. Mapiko akutsogolo amakongoletsa kumtunda, koma siowala kwambiri, ophatikizidwa ndi madera amtambo pafupifupi mkatikati mwa malire.
Maonekedwe apansi pamapiko akumbuyo:
- kusuta kwa imvi kumakhala ndi mizere yakuda, yakuda bii, mabwalo ang'onoang'ono, madontho otuwa;
- malo oyera oyera ali pakatikati kwenikweni pa m'mphepete mwake.
Kumbuyo kwa thupi kuli mdima, wakuda kapena wabulauni, pamimba pamakhala bulauni yofiirira kapena mtundu wa fodya. Chifuwa chagawika m'magulu atatu, gawo lililonse lili ndi miyendo iwiri. Udindo wazida zam'kamwa zimaseweredwa ndi proboscis. Maso agulugufewo amakhala ndi ma bristles ndipo amakhala ndi mawonekedwe amiyala. Tinyanga tina tokhala ngati chibonga tothinana kumtunda; zimakhala ngati ziwalo zina zomverera. ndi chithandizo chawo, nymphalids imatha kugwedeza kakang'ono kwambiri mlengalenga, kumva kununkhira.
Kodi gulugufeyu amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Gulugufe wa Admiral ku Russia
Gawo logawa kwa Vanessa Atlanta likufalikira ku Northern Hemisphere kuchokera kumpoto kwa Canada kupita ku Guatemala - kumadzulo, kuchokera ku Scandinavia mpaka gawo la Europe la Russia, kupitilira kumwera mpaka ku Africa, kumpoto kwake, kum'mawa kwa China. Titha kuwona ku Atlantic ku Bermuda, Azores, Canary Islands, ku Pacific Ocean ku Hawaii, ndi zilumba zina ku Caribbean. Tizilombo timene timabweretsedwa ku New Zealand ndipo timaswana kumeneko.
Nymphalis sangakhale ndi nyengo yozizira, koma nthawi yosamuka imatha kupezeka kuchokera kumtunda mpaka kumadzulo. Osapirira chisanu choopsa, kukongola kokongola kumasamukira kumadera akumwera, kumadera otentha. Vanessa uyu amakonda nkhalango zanyontho, madambo, madambo osefukira, ndi minda yothirira nthawi zonse. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa agulugufe omaliza omwe amapezeka kumpoto kwa Europe nthawi yozizira isanachitike. M'mapiri, imatha kukhala kutalika kwamamita 2700.
Kodi gulugufe amakonda chiyani?
Chithunzi: Butterfly ya Admiral
Akuluakulu amadya zipatso, amatha kuwonedwa ndi zovunda, amakonda msuzi wofesa wa zipatso zakula kwambiri. Madzi a shuga ochokera m'mitengo ndi zitosi za mbalame amathandizanso kuti azidya. Chakumapeto kwa chilimwe, Vanessas amakhala pamtunda wambiri. Kuchokera maluwa, ngati kulibe chakudya china, amakonda asteraceae, euphorbia, nyemba, red clover.
Mbozi imadya masamba obaya, mphasa zam'miyala, ndi zomera zina zochokera kubanja la Urticaceae. Amakhala pamatumba, zomera kuchokera ku nthula. Zida zamkamwa za wamkulu ndizopadera. Chotupa chofewa, ngati kasupe wa wotchi yachitsulo, chimatha kutseguka ndikupindika. Imayenda, kutanuka komanso kusinthidwa kuti itenge timadzi tokoma ndi timadziti ta mbewu.
Chosangalatsa: Pamiyendo yakutsogolo ya kachilomboka pali ma villi osazindikira, omwe amakhala ndi masamba a kulawa, woyang'anira amachotsa "mayeso" oyamba pokhala pachitsamba cha zipatso kapena mtengo.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Admiral Butterfly waku Russia
Tizilombo tokhala ndi mapiko timatha kuthamanga mwachangu komanso mosasintha, liwiro limatha kufikira 15 km / h. Akusamukira, kazembeyo amayenda maulendo ataliatali, ndipo kuti asawononge mphamvu zambiri, akukwera kumwamba ndikuwuluka pogwiritsa ntchito mafunde ampweya. Ndege zotere zitha kukhala zofunikira: kuchokera ku kontinenti ina kupita ku ina.
Agulugufe m'miyezi yozizira, kutengera komwe amakhala, amagona mpaka masika, akuwonekera kale ndi mtundu wowala, koma amatha kuwoneka akuphulika masiku amasiku achisanu kumadera akumwera.
Chosangalatsa: Mitundu yowala yamapiko ndiyofunikira kwa Vanessa atlanta kuti anthu amtunduwu azizindikirana patali. Pafupi, amazindikira ndi fungo lotulutsidwa ndi androconia.
Tizilombo tina tomwe timabisala m'makungwa kapena m'masambawo tulo, tinagona ulendo wopita kumadera otentha ndikumakagonako. Kwa nyengo yozizira, anthu aku Europe amasankha kumpoto kwa Africa, ndipo North America - zilumba za Atlantic. Zitsanzo zomwe zimatsalira m'nyengo yozizira sizimakhalako mpaka nthawi yamasika, komabe, monga zomwe zimasamukira kutali koopsa. Nthawi zouluka zitha kukhala zosiyana, kutengera malo okhala: kuyambira koyambirira kwa Meyi-Juni mpaka Seputembara-Okutobala.
Chosangalatsa: Ma nymphalidi awa ali ndi masomphenya amitundu, onani: wachikaso, wobiriwira, wabuluu ndi indigo. Popeza ma admirals alibe pigment yam'mbali, sangathe kuwona mawonekedwe ofiira a lalanje.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Admiral Butterfly Russia
Admirals ndi zolengedwa zosintha kwathunthu, zimadutsa magawo onse kuyambira dzira mpaka mphutsi, zomwe zimasandulika chibayo, kenako zimabadwanso mu imago. Asanakwatirane, amuna mosalekeza amayang'anira osankhidwa awo, nthawi yomweyo akuwonetsa kuwukira kwa omwe akupikisana nawo. Amauluka mozungulira gawo lawo mpaka 30 pa ola. Munthawi imeneyi, amatha kulumikizana ndi omwe amapempha ena nthawi 10-15, zochitika ngati izi zimapitilira tsiku lonse.
Dera latsambali, lomwe lili ndi mawonekedwe a chowulungika, ndi 2.5-7 m mulifupi ndi 4-13 m kutalika. Wophwanya malire akawonekera, yamphongo imamuthamangitsa, ikukula mozungulira kuti itopetse mdani. Atathamangitsa mdaniyo, mwini webusayitiyo amabwerera kudera lake ndikupitilizabe kuyang'anira. Ndi anthu olimba kwambiri okha omwe amatha kugonjetsa akazi kuti asiye ana. Amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala m'malo owala, owala ndi kudikirira nthawi yoti akazi aziuluka.
Zosangalatsa: Kutengera ndi malo okhala, ma admirals amatha kukhala ndi mbadwo umodzi, iwiri kapena itatu ya ana pachaka.
Dzira lobiriwira, chowulungika, lokhala ndi nthiti (pafupifupi 0.8 mm) limayikidwa ndi akazi pamwamba pa tsamba la chomera. Patatha sabata imodzi, potuluka, kukula kwa mphutsi yobiriwira ndi 1.8 mm. Kukula ndi kusungunuka (magawo 5 okha amakulidwe), kutalika kwa thupi kumasintha kukhala 2.5-3 cm, komanso mtundu umasinthanso. Itha kukhala yosiyana pang'ono, koma nthawi zambiri imakhala yakuda ndimadontho oyera kuzungulira thupi.
Mbozi zimakhala ndi mitsempha yokhala ndi mabala ofiira ofiira, imakonzedwa mwanjira yofananira pamagawo. Pali mizere isanu ndi iwiri yaminga mthupi mwake. Kumbali ya thupi kuli chidutswa cha mawanga oyera kapena zonona. Zakudya za mbozi ndi masamba, nthawi zambiri am'banja la nettle. Amabisala kwa adani m'mapepala atakulungidwa theka.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Pamene mphutsi zidakulira m'malo osiyanasiyana a labotale, kutentha kwa pafupifupi 32 °, nthawi yomwe ophunzira amakhala masiku 6 imatha. Pa 11-18 ° nthawi iyi idakulitsidwa ndikufikira masiku 47-82. M'madera ofunda, ziphuphu ndi agulugufe omwe adatuluka anali owala kwambiri.
Pamapeto pa gawo lomaliza, mbozi imasiya kudya. Akamamanga nyumba gawo lotsatira la moyo, amadya tsambalo, koma amasiya mikwingwirima, amapinda pakati ndikumata m'mbali mwake. Pogona pamakhala mopanda phokoso pamitsempha, mmenemo nupa wa nondescript, imvi yemwe ali ndi msana wamfupi komanso mawanga agolide ali mozondoka. Kukula kwake kuli pafupifupi 2.2 cm.
Adani achilengedwe a agulugufe osilira
Chithunzi: Butterfly ya Admiral
Chifukwa cha kuwuluka kwawo kosafanana, mwachangu, zolengedwa zamapikozi ndizovuta kuzigwira, chifukwa ndizosatheka kuneneratu komwe zizitsogolera kumene zikubwera mtsogolo. Ma admirals owala amakhala odalira kwambiri ndipo amatha kukhala padzanja lotambasulidwa. Mapikowo akapindidwa, ndiye kumbuyo kwa khungwa la mitengo, komwe amabisala tulo, zimakhala zovuta kuzizindikira. Amayamba kupezeka akamamwa timadzi tokoma kapena samachedwetsa musanagone.
Mbalame ndizo adani akuluakulu a akuluakulu, ngakhale ena amawopsedwa ndi mitundu yowala. Pakati pa omwe amatha kusaka agulugufe oyenda pali mileme. Maonekedwe onyansa a mphutsi amaopseza ambiri omwe akufuna kudya. Mwa mbalame zonse, mwina ndi nkhaka zokha zomwe zimawopseza zakudya zawo ndi mbozi. Makoswe amaphatikizaponso ma lepidopterans mu zakudya zawo, mosasamala kanthu za chitukuko. Amphibians ndi zokwawa za mitundu yosiyanasiyana amasaka Vanessa Atlanta ndi mphutsi zake. Mbozi ili ndi adani awo.
Atha kudyedwa ndi nthumwi:
- kachilombo;
- akangaude;
- agulugufe;
- mavu;
- kupemphera mantises;
- nyerere.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Gulugufe Wofiira Wofiira
Gulugufe wodziwika bwino amakhala m'malo ambiri ku North America, Europe, North Africa, ndi East Asia. Palibe chowopseza mitundu iyi pano. Kusamalira bwino malo okhala kumathandizidwa ndi: chikhalidwe chakusamukira kwa moyo wa tizilombo, kusinthasintha kwamatenthedwe osiyanasiyana. Ngati pazifukwa zina, mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cha chisanu chozizira, gawo la anthu amwalira, ndiye kuti malo ake amatengedwa ndi anthu omwe amasamukira kumadera ofunda.
Ku Russia, mtundu uwu umapezeka m'nkhalango za m'chigawo chapakati ku Europe, Karelia, Caucasus, ndi Urals. Mu 1997, ma Lepidoptera awa adaphatikizidwa ndi Red Data Book ya Russian Federation. Anthu posakhalitsa adakwera ndipo adachotsedwa pamndandanda wotetezedwa. M'dera la Smolensk lokha. ali ndi gawo lachinayi, mkhalidwe wakuchepa koma osakhala ochepa.
Zotsatira zoyipa kwa Vanessa Atlanta, komabe, monga zamoyo zambiri, ndi izi:
- kudula mitengo mwachisawawa;
- kufutukuka kwa minda yolima polima;
- kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochizira minda.
Posunga nkhalango ndi malo osefukira madzi osefukira, mikhalidwe yabwino ya moyo wa nymphalids, ndizotheka kusunga kuchuluka kwa anthu osasintha. Gulugufe wodziwika bwino - imodzi mwazinthu zokongola kwambiri padziko lathuli. Mkhalidwe wankhanza wa Russia suli wolemera kwambiri ndi agulugufe owala, Vanessa atalanta ndi m'modzi wa iwo. Kuyambira koyambirira kwamasika mpaka kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, amasangalatsa diso, kuyambira maluwa mpaka maluwa. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sitimapweteketsa zomera zomwe talima, choncho, mukawona mbozi yaubweya pa mphasa, musathamangire kuti muiphwanye.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 22.02.2019
Tsiku losintha: 17.09.2019 nthawi 20:50
