Emperor penguin - iyi ndi mbalame yakale kwambiri komanso yayikulu kwambiri mwa oimira onse pabanja pano padziko lapansi. Kumasuliridwa kuchokera ku Greek yakale, dzina lawo limatanthauza "osowa mapiko". Penguin amadziwika ndi machitidwe osangalatsa komanso luntha lodabwitsa. Mbalamezi zimakonda kukhala nthawi yayitali m'madzi. Tsoka ilo, kuchuluka kwa mbalame zazikuluzikuluzi kumachepa mosalekeza. Masiku ano, kuchuluka kwa anthu sikupitilira 300,000. Mitunduyi ikutetezedwa.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Emperor Penguin
Emperor penguin ndi woimira gulu la mbalame, dongosolo la penguin, banja la anyani. Amasiyanitsidwa kukhala mtundu wosiyana ndi mitundu ya emperor penguin.
Mbalame zodabwitsa izi zidapezeka koyamba mu 1820 paulendo wofufuza wa Bellingshausen. Komabe, kutchulidwa koyamba kwa emperor penguin kunapezeka m'malemba a akatswiri ofufuza Vasco da Gama mu 1498, omwe adachoka pagombe la Africa ndi Magellan, yemwe adakumana ndi mbalame mu 1521 pagombe la South America. Komabe, ofufuza akale ankayerekezera atsekwe. Mbalameyi idayamba kutchedwa penguin m'zaka za zana la 16 zokha.
Kupitiliza kuphunzira zakusinthika kwa nthumwi za mbalamezi kukuwonetsa kuti makolo awo analipo ku New Zealand, madera ena ku South America, ndi ku Antarctic Peninsula. Komanso, ofufuza za zinyama apeza zotsalira za makolo akale a emperor penguin m'malo ena a Australia ndi Africa.
Kanema: Emperor Penguin
Zotsalira zakale kwambiri za anyani kuyambira kumapeto kwa Eocene, ndikuwonetsa kuti mwina adakhalapo padziko lapansi zaka pafupifupi 45 miliyoni zapitazo. Makolo akale a penguin, kuweruza zotsalira zomwe zidapezeka, anali okulirapo kuposa anthu amakono. Amakhulupirira kuti kholo lalikulu kwambiri la ma penguin amakono anali Nordenskjold penguin. Kutalika kwake kumafanana ndi kutalika kwa munthu wamakono, ndipo kulemera kwake kunafika pafupifupi makilogalamu 120.
Asayansi atsimikiziranso kuti makolo akale a penguin sanali mbalame zam'madzi. Iwo anali ndi mapiko ndipo anali okhoza kuwuluka. Ma penguin ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana kwambiri ndi mphuno zamachubu. Kutengera izi, mitundu yonse iwiri ya mbalame imakhala ndi makolo ofanana. Asayansi ambiri akhala akuchita nawo kafukufuku wa mbalame, kuphatikizapo Robert Scott mu 1913. Monga gawo la ulendowu, adachoka ku Cape Evans kupita ku Cape Crozier, komwe adapeza mazira angapo a mbalame zodabwitsa izi. Izi zidapangitsa kuti athe kuphunzira mwatsatanetsatane kukula kwa ma penguin.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Emperor Penguin Antarctica
Kukula kwa wamkulu emperor penguin ndi 100-115 cm, makamaka amuna akulu amafika kutalika kwa masentimita 130-135. Kulemera kwa penguin imodzi ndi makilogalamu 30-45. Zoyipa zakugonana sizitchulidwa. Akazi ndi ocheperako pang'ono kuposa amuna. Monga lamulo, kukula kwa akazi sikupitilira masentimita 115. Ndi mitundu iyi yomwe imasiyanitsidwa ndi minofu yotukuka komanso dera lotchedwa thoracic m'thupi.
Emperor penguin ili ndi mtundu wowala komanso wosangalatsa. Kunja kwa thupi kuchokera kumbuyo kuli utoto wakuda. Mbali yamkati ya thupi ndi yoyera. Dera la khosi ndi makutu limakhala lachikaso lowala. Mtundu uwu umalola oimira awa ndi zinyama kuti akhalebe osadziwika m'nyanja yakuya. Thupi limakhala losalala, ngakhale losalala kwambiri. Chifukwa cha izi, mbalame zimatha kulowa m'madzi mwakuya ndipo zimathamanga msanga m'madzi.
Zosangalatsa! Mbalame zimatha kusintha mtundu kutengera nyengo. Mtundu wakuda uzisintha kukhala bulauni koyambilira kwa Novembala, ndikukhalabe mpaka kumapeto kwa Okutobala.
Anapiye aswedwa amakhala ndi nthenga zoyera kapena zopyapyala. Ma penguin amakhala ndi mutu wawung'ono wozungulira. Nthawi zambiri amajambula zakuda. Mutu uli ndi milomo yayitali, yayitali komanso yaying'ono, yakuda. Khosi ndi laling'ono kwambiri ndipo limaphatikizana ndi thupi. Khola lamphamvu, lotchulidwa ndi nthiti limayenda bwino pamimba.
Mbali zonse ziwiri za thupi pali mapiko osinthidwa omwe amakhala ngati zipsepse. Miyendo yakumunsi ndi yazala zitatu, ili ndi mamina ndi zikhadabo zamphamvu. Pali mchira wawung'ono. Mbali yapadera ndi kapangidwe ka minofu ya mafupa. Alibe mafupa obowoka monga mitundu ina yonse ya mbalame. Chinthu china chosiyana ndi chakuti njira yothetsera kutentha kwa magazi m'mitsempha yamagulu am'munsi, yomwe imalepheretsa kutentha. Ma penguin ali ndi nthenga zodalirika, zowirira kwambiri, zomwe zimawathandiza kuti azimasuka ngakhale nyengo yovuta ya Antarctica.
Kodi emperor penguin amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Mbalame Emperor Penguin
Malo okhalamo ma penguin ndi Antarctica. M'dera lino, amapanga zigawo zamitundu yosiyanasiyana - kuyambira makumi khumi mpaka mazana angapo. Makamaka magulu akuluakulu a emperor penguin amakhala anthu masauzande angapo. Kuti zikhazikike kumtunda kwa Antarctica, mbalame zimasunthira kumapeto kwa dzikolo. Kuti ziswane ndikuswetsa mazira, mbalame nthawi zonse zimabwerera kumadera apakati a Antarctica mokwanira.
Kafukufuku wochitidwa ndi akatswiri a zinyama athandiza kuti zitsimikizire kuti lero kuli magulu pafupifupi 37 a mbalame. Monga malo okhalamo, amakonda kusankha malo omwe angakhale ngati pogona ndi kuteteza oimira nyama ndi zinyama kwa adani achilengedwe ndi mphepo yaminga yaminga. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri amapezeka kumbuyo kwa matalala, matanthwe, matalala achisanu. Chofunikira kuti malo okhala mbalame ambiri akhale ndi mwayi wopeza mosungira madzi.
Mbalame zodabwitsa zomwe sizingathe kuwuluka zimangokhala pakati pa mizere ya 66 ndi 77th. Colony wamkulu amakhala mdera la Cape Washington. Chiwerengero chake chimaposa anthu 20,000.
Zilumba ndi madera komwe ma emperor penguin amakhala:
- Taylor Glacier;
- Dera la Mfumukazi ya Mafashoni;
- Chilumba cha Heard;
- Chilumba cha Coleman;
- Chilumba cha Victoria;
- Zilumba za South Sandwich;
- Tierra del Fuego.
Kodi emperor penguin amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Emperor Penguin Red Book
Popeza nyengo yovuta komanso chisanu chamuyaya, onse okhala ku Antarctica amapeza chakudya chawo m'nyanja yakuya. Ma Penguin amakhala pafupifupi miyezi iwiri panyanja pachaka.
Zosangalatsa! Mtundu uwu wa mbalame ulibe wofanana pakati pa mitundu ingapo. Amatha kuyenda pansi pamadzi mozama mpaka mamitala mazana asanu ndikupumira m'madzi pafupifupi mphindi makumi awiri.
Kuzama pamadzi molunjika kumatengera kukula kwa kuzama kwamadzi ndi cheza cha dzuŵa. Pamene madzi akuunikiridwa kwambiri, mbalamezi zimatha kulowa m'madzi. Akakhala m'madzi, amangodalira ndi maso awo okha. Pakusaka, mbalame zimathamanga mpaka 6-7 km / h. Nsomba zamitundumitundu, komanso zamoyo zina zam'madzi: ma molluscs, squid, oysters, plankton, crustaceans, krill, ndi zina zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya.
Anyani amakonda kusaka m'magulu. Ma penguin angapo amalimbana ndi nsomba kapena nyama zina zam'madzi ndikugwira aliyense amene alibe nthawi yothawa. Ma Penguin amatenga nyama zazing'ono m'madzi. Nyama zazikulu zimakokedwa kumtunda, ndipo, zikung'ambika, zimadya.
Pofunafuna chakudya, mbalame zimatha kuyenda maulendo ataliatali, mpaka makilomita 6-7 zana. Nthawi yomweyo, saopa chisanu choopsa kuchokera -45 mpaka -70 madigiri ndi mphepo yamkuntho yolasa. Ma Penguin amathera nyonga yayikulu pogwira nsomba ndi nyama zina. Nthawi zina amayenda pamadzi mpaka 300-500 patsiku. Mbalamezo zimakhala ndi kapangidwe kake kam'kamwa. Ali ndi mitsempha yomwe imayang'ana kumbuyo, motero, ndi chithandizo chake ndikosavuta kugwira nyama.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Emperor Penguins ku Antarctica
Ma penguin si nyama zokhazokha, amakhala m'magulu ndipo amapanga awiriawiri olimba omwe amakhala moyo wonse wa mbalamezo.
Zosangalatsa! Ma penguin ndi mbalame zokhazokha zomwe sizikudziwa kupanga zisa.
Amayikira mazira ndikuswana, kubisala kuseli kwa zachilengedwe - miyala, matanthwe, ayezi, ndi zina zambiri. Amakhala pafupifupi miyezi iwiri pachaka munyanja kufunafuna chakudya, nthawi yotsalayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pakukhalira mazira ndikutuluka. Mbalame zimakhala ndi chibadwa cha makolo kwambiri. Amawerengedwa kuti ndi makolo abwino, odera nkhawa komanso osamalira.
Mbalame zimatha kuyenda pamtunda ndi miyendo yawo yakumbuyo, kapena kugona pamimba, ndikudula kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo. Amayenda pang'onopang'ono, pang'onopang'ono komanso mwamanyazi, popeza ziwalo zazifupi zam'munsi sizigwada pabondo. Amakhala olimba mtima komanso othamanga m'madzi. Amatha kuyenda pansi pamadzi kwambiri ndikufulumira mpaka 6-10 km / h. Emperor penguin amatuluka m'madzi, ndikudumpha modabwitsa mpaka mita zingapo.
Mbalamezi zimawoneka kuti ndizochenjera komanso zamantha. Pozindikira kuti ngozi ili pafupi, amabalalika, kusiya mazira ndi ana awo. Komabe, madera ambiri ndiolandilidwa komanso ochezeka kwa anthu. Nthawi zambiri samangoopa anthu, komanso amawayang'ana mwachidwi, ngakhale kuwalola kuti adzikhudze okha. M'madera a mbalame, matriarchy athunthu amalamulira. Akazi ndi atsogoleri, amasankha amuna awo ndikuwayang'ana. Akamaliza kumangirira, amuna amatola mazira, ndipo akazi amapita kukasaka.
Emperor penguin amapirira chisanu chachikulu ndi mphepo yamphamvu mwamphamvu. Ali ndi minofu yamafuta yochepa, komanso nthenga zowirira kwambiri. Pofuna kutentha, mbalamezo zimapanga bwalo lalikulu. Mkati mwa bwaloli, kutentha kumafikira +30 pamtunda wozungulira wa -25-30 madigiri. Pakatikati pa bwalolo nthawi zambiri mumakhala ana. Akuluakulu amasintha malo, akusunthira kuchokera pakatikati moyandikira m'mphepete, mosemphanitsa.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Emperor Penguin Chick
Penguin amakonda kupanga awiriwa, olimba awiriawiri. Awiriwo amapangidwa motengera akazi. Amadzisankhira mnzake, osasiya mwayi wina, osati amuna opambana kwambiri. Kenako chachikazi chimayamba kusamalira champhongo mokongola kwambiri. Choyamba, amatsitsa mutu, amatambasula mapiko ake ndikuyamba kuyimba nyimbo. Mwamuna amayimba limodzi naye. Pakuchezera maukwati, amazindikirana ndi mawu awo, koma osayesa kuyimba kwambiri kuposa ena, kuti asasokoneze kuimba kwa anthu ena. Chibwenzi chotere chimakhala pafupifupi mwezi umodzi. Awiriwo amasunthira wina ndi mnzake, kapena amavina modabwitsa ndi milomo yawo yoponyedwa mmwamba. Kulowa muukwati kumatsogoleredwa ndi mauta angapo.
Kumapeto kwa Epulo kapena Meyi, yaikazi imayika dzira limodzi. Kulemera kwake ndi magalamu 430-460. Samadya chilichonse kwa mwezi umodzi asanaikire dzira. Chifukwa chake, ntchitoyo ikamalizidwa, nthawi yomweyo amapita kunyanja kukadya. Ali komweko kwa miyezi iwiri. Nthawi yonseyi bambo wamtsogolo amasamalira dzira. Iye amaikira dzira m'khola la khungu pakati pa malekezero akumunsi, omwe amakhala ngati thumba. Palibe mphepo ndi chisanu zomwe zimakakamiza yamphongo kuti isiye dzira. Amuna opanda mabanja amaopseza abambo awo amtsogolo. Amatha kutenga dziralo atakwiya, kapena kuswa. Chifukwa choti abambo ndiopatsa ulemu komanso amayang'anira ana awo, mazira opitilira 90% ali
Amuna amachepetsa kwambiri panthawiyi. Pakadali pano, kulemera kwawo sikupitilira ma 25 kilogalamu. Mkazi amabwerera pomwe abambo amva njala ndikumuyimbira. Amabwerera ali ndi nsomba zambiri zamwana. Kenako, nthawi yopumira ya abambo. Mpumulo wake umatha pafupifupi masabata 3-4.
Kwa miyezi iwiri yoyambirira, mwana wankhukuyu amakhala ataphimbidwa pansi ndipo samatha kukhala nyengo yovuta ku Antarctica. Amangokhala m'thumba lofunda, losangalatsa la makolo ake. Kutentha kumeneko kumasungidwa nthawi zonse osachepera madigiri 35. Ngati, mwa ngozi yakupha, mwanawo agwera mthumba, adzafa pomwepo. Pofika chilimwe pomwe amayamba kuyenda mosadukiza ndikuphunzira kusambira, kupeza chakudya chawo.
Adani achilengedwe a emperor penguin
Chithunzi: Great Emperor Penguin
M'malo awo achilengedwe, mbalame sizikhala ndi adani ambiri munyama. Amakhala pachiwopsezo chokhala nyama za anyalugwe kapena anamgumi opha nyama akapita kunyanja kukafunafuna chakudya.
Zinyama zina zomwe zimadya - skuas kapena petrels zazikulu - zimawopseza anapiye opanda chitetezo. Akuluakulu sawopsa, koma anapiye amaopseza kwambiri. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa atatu mwa anapiye onse amafa ndendende chifukwa cholimbana ndi mbalame zodya nyama. Nthawi zambiri, ana amodzi amakhala nyama zodya nthenga. Pofuna kuteteza ana awo ku kuukira, mbalame amapanga otchedwa "nazale", kapena masango a makanda. Izi zimawonjezera mwayi wawo wopulumuka.
Anthu amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu ku mitunduyo. Kalelo m'zaka za zana la 18, amalinyero anayamba kupha mbalame zomwe zisa zawo zinali m'mbali mwa nyanja. Chifukwa cha kupha nyama mwachangu, koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 20, mbalame zodabwitsazi zatsala pang'ono kutha.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Emperor Emperor Penguin
Choopsa chachikulu kwa emperor penguin ndikusintha kwanyengo ndi kutentha. Kuchuluka kwa kutentha kumabweretsa kusungunuka kwa madzi oundana, ndiye kuti, kuwononga malo achilengedwe a mbalame. Njira zoterezi zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa mbalame. Chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo, mitundu ina ya nsomba, molluscs, ndi crustaceans zikutha, ndiye kuti chakudya cha anyaniwa chikuchepa.
Ntchito yayikulu pakutha kwa ma emperor penguins imasewera ndi anthu ndi ntchito zawo. Anthu amapha osati ma penguin okha, komanso amagwira nsomba ndi anthu ena okhala kunyanja yakuya ambiri. Popita nthawi, kuchuluka kwa mitundu ya zamoyo zam'madzi zikucheperachepera.
Posachedwapa, ntchito zokopa alendo zochuluka zakhala zofala kwambiri. Okonda zotengeka zatsopano amapita kumadera osafikirika komanso osagwirizana padziko lapansi. Antarctica ndizosiyana. Zotsatira zake, malo okhala emperor penguin akuchuluka.
Emperor Penguin Alonda
Chithunzi: Emperor penguin wochokera ku Red Book
Mpaka pano, emperor penguins adalembedwa mu Red Book. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, anali pangozi. Mpaka pano, achitapo kanthu pofuna kuteteza ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mbalame. Ndizoletsedwa kuwapha. Komanso, pofuna kuteteza zamoyozi, ndizoletsedwa kugwira nsomba ndi krill pazinthu zamakampani m'madera omwe mbalame zimakhala. International Commission for Conservation of Marine Life for the Conservation of Emperor Penguins yapereka lingaliro loti gombe lakum'mawa kwa Antarctica ndi malo osungira.
Emperor penguin - Iyi ndi mbalame yodabwitsa, yomwe kutalika kwake kumaposa mita imodzi. Imapulumuka nyengo yovuta komanso yovuta kwambiri. Mafuta osanjikiza a mafuta, mawonekedwe amachitidwe a thermoregulation, komanso nthenga zolimba kwambiri zimamuthandiza. Emperor penguin amadziwika kuti ndi osamala, koma nthawi yomweyo, mbalame zamtendere kwambiri.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 20.02.2019
Tsiku losintha: 18.09.2019 nthawi 20:23
