Ataona cholengedwa chokongolachi, ambiri amafuula kuti: "Ndi mwana wabere wabwino bwanji!" Koma, koala wopanda chimbalangondo konse, ngakhale nyama iyi singatchulidwe kuti ndi wachibale wa zimbalangondo. Nyama imeneyi ndi ya ma marsupial ndipo ili ndi banja lake la koala, lomwe ndi loyimira lokha. Koala amawoneka ngati chidole chamtengo wapatali, chomwe chimangokoka kuti chikumbatire.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Koala
Mbiri yovomerezeka ya koala imayamba mu 1802, pomwe woyendetsa zankhondo Barralier adapeza zotsalira za nyama iyi ndikuzitumiza kwa kazembe wa New South Wales mowa. Chaka chotsatira, koala yamoyo inagwidwa pafupi ndi Sydney. Patapita miyezi ingapo, nkhani inalembedwa m'nyuzipepala ya ku Sydney yofotokoza za nyama yachilendo imeneyi.
Kuyambira 1808, koala amadziwika kuti ndi wachibale wapafupi kwambiri wa wombat. Ali naye mgulu limodzi la ma marsupial awiri odula, koma m'banja lawo lomwe koala ndiye woyimira yekhayo.
Pafupifupi zaka 50, ma koala amangowoneka kudera la New South Wales. Mu 1855, nyamayo idazindikiridwa ndi katswiri wazachilengedwe a William Blandowski ku Victoria, komwe amakhala, ndipo pambuyo pake mu 1923, koala idapezekanso kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Queensland.
Kanema: Koala
Azungu omwe adafika ku Australia adatcha koala chimbalangondo. Malinga ndi malipoti ena, tanthauzo lenileni la dzinalo "koala" limamasuliridwa kuti "samamwa", ngakhale ambiri amakhulupirira kuti malingaliro awa ndi olakwika. Mwambiri, koala imamwa pang'ono kwambiri komanso kawirikawiri, anthu adazindikira kuti samamwa nthawi yomweyo. Kumwa kotereku kumachitika chifukwa chinyama chimakhala ndi chinyezi chokwanira kuchokera masamba a bulugamu ndi mame.
Zowonadi, koala ndiyofanana kwambiri ndi wombat, kokha ndi yayikulu ndipo ubweya wake umakhala wokulirapo. Kakhalidwe kokongola, koseketsa pang'ono kanyama kamakupangitsani kumwetulira mukayang'ana. Ndikufuna kupachika ndikukumbatira wamakutu omvera, owuma mtima, ngati chimbalangondo.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Animal koala
Ma Koala amawoneka achilendo komanso oseketsa pang'ono. Mwina izi zimachitika chifukwa cha mphuno yawo yolimba, yomwe ilibe ubweya. Mutu wa chinyama ndi wawukulu, wozungulira wokhala ndi maso ang'onoang'ono, otalikirana komanso owoneka bwino, otambalala, akumva. Thupi la ma koala ndi lamphamvu kwambiri, lokhazikika.
Ndizosangalatsa kuti zitsanzo zomwe zimakhala kumpoto kwa dzikolo ndizochepa kwambiri kuposa zakumwera. Kulemera kwawo kumafika makilogalamu 5, kum'mwera koala amalemera katatu - 14 - 15 kg. Amuna amakhala akuluakulu kuposa akazi, mitu yawo ndi yayikulu, koma makutu awo ndi ochepa. Oimira amuna amakhala ndi chotupa chapadera pachifuwa chawo, chomwe amalemba. Mkazi, monga woimira aliyense wamwamuna wamkazi, amakhala ndi thumba momwe mabere awiri amabisika.
Chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kulipidwa kwa mano a koala, adapangidwa kuti azitha kuthana ndi masamba a bulugamu, omwe ndi olimba kwambiri komanso olimba. Mothandizidwa ndi makina akuthwa, koala amadula masambawo ngati mpeni, ndipo kukukuta mano kumakugugulira phala. Mano onse mu koala ndi 30.
Miyendo ya koala ndi yayitali komanso yolimba. Manjawa anali ndi zikhadabo zazitali ngati zokolopa kuti zizisungika bwino mumitengo, mbali imodzi zala ziwiri zotsutsana ndi zitatu zinazo. Izi zimathandiza kuti nyama zizigwira mitengo mwamphamvu. Pamiyendo yakumbuyo, chala chimodzi chachikulu, chomwe chilibe zikhadabo, chimatsutsana ndi zina zinayi, zokhala ndi zikhadabo zolimba. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe amiyendo, chinyama chimagwira mosavuta nthambi ndi mitengo ikuluikulu, imapachikidwa pa iwo ndikusunthira mosavuta mu korona. Choyambirira chimakhala ndi mapadi a zala za koalas, zomwe zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe apadera (zojambula), monga mwa anthu kapena anyani.
Chovala cha koala chimakhudza bwino, ubweya wake ndi wandiweyani, kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi masentimita 3. Mtundu wa malayawo ndi wotuwa (ukhoza kukhala wowala komanso wamdima). Kumbali yamkati, miyendo yakutsogolo ndi yoyera, kutsogolo kuli nsalu yoyera, ndipo chibwano chimayeranso. M'makutu mumayang'ana kuzungulira kwa ubweya woyera, wofiirira, wautali. Pa sacrum palinso mawanga oyera. Mchira wa koala ndi wofanana ndi chimbalangondo, ndi chochepa kwambiri ndipo pafupifupi sichimaonekera, ndikovuta kuchiwona.
Asayansi apeza kuti kukula kwa ma koala ndikocheperako poyerekeza ndi thupi. Amakhulupirira kuti izi zimapezeka m'zinyama chifukwa chakuti menyu yawo ndiyotsika kwambiri.
Kodi koala amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Koala ku Australia
Koala amapezeka ku Australia ndipo amakhala mokhazikika ku kontinentiyi, kwina kulikonse komwe nyama iyi imapezeka. Nyamayo idakhazikika m'mbali mwa nyanja kumwera ndi kum'mawa kwa Australia. M'zaka zapitazi, ma koala adayambitsidwa kumadzulo kwa kontinenti ya Australia komanso kuzilumba za Kunguru ndi Magnetic, zomwe zili pafupi ndi Queensland. Magnetic Island masiku ano amawerengedwa kuti ndi malire akumpoto kwenikweni a koalas. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha ma marupial awa adawonongedwa kumwera kwa Australia mzaka zonse zapitazo. Anthu adayamba kubwezeretsanso ma koala, atawabweretsa kuchokera kudera la Victoria.
Pakadali pano, malo okhala ma koala ali ndi malo pafupifupi kilomita imodzi miliyoni. Koala amakhala kumene nkhalango zowirira za bulugamu zimamera. Amakonda nkhalango zonse zamapiri zokhala ndi nyengo yotentha, komanso madera achipululu okhala ndi apolisi ang'onoang'ono. Kuchulukitsitsa kwa zinyama kumadalira kupezeka kwa chakudya m'deralo. Ngati mdera lakumwera, komwe kuli nkhalango zowirira, zimatha kufikira anthu asanu ndi atatu pa hekitala, ndiye kuti kumadzulo kwa chipululu kumodzi munthu akhoza kupeza nyama imodzi pa mahekitala zana.
Kodi koala amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Koala
Anthu ambiri mwina amadziwa kuti ma koala amatsata eucalyptus mono-diet, amatenga timitengo tating'onoting'ono ndi masamba a bulugamu. Pali chizolowezi chachilendo chazakudya ndi maubwino ake - uku ndikusowa mpikisano wapa chakudya. Amadziwika kuti ma marsupial okha ndi azibale ake amiyendo yamiyendo amakonda kudya bulugamu. Kwa nthawi yayitali Koala adazolowera kuti nthawi zonse amakhala ndi mbale yofanana pachakudya cham'mawa, chamasana ndi chamadzulo.
Masamba a mitengo ya bulugamu ndi mphukira zake ndi zolimba kwambiri komanso zolimba, si aliyense amene angakonde kukoma kwawo ndi kununkhira kwawo, kuwonjezera apo, chomeracho chimakhala ndi zinthu zambiri za phenolic, palibenso mapuloteni, ndipo nthawi yophukira imawombera poizoni weniweni - asidi wa hydrocyanic. Ma Koala adazolowera ngozi iyi, amagwiritsa ntchito kununkhira kwawo kuti asankhe zakudya zomwe zilibe poizoni wambiri. Mitengo ya poizoni yotero imakonda kumera panthaka yachonde pafupi ndi mitsinje.
Vuto la chakudya chochepa chochepa kwambiri cha kuchepa kwa mafuta ndizochepa kagayidwe kake, kuchepa kwa thupi ndi chikhalidwe cha nyama. Apa koala amafanana ndi kanyama kamene kamakhala kaulesi kapena kamimba. Masana, nyamayo imadya kuchokera pa theka la kilogalamu mpaka kilogalamu imodzi ya mphukira ndi masamba, pang'onopang'ono komanso mosamala kutafuna zonse mu mbatata yosenda, kenako ndikubisala m'matumba mwake. Njira yodyera ya koala imasinthidwa bwino kuti izikhala zakudya zopangira ulusi. Cecum ya nyama ndi yayitali kutalika, imafika mamita 2.4. Chiwindi cha koala chimagwira ntchito mwamphamvu kuti muchepetse poizoni wa bulugamu ndikupewa poyizoni.
Nthawi zina mumatha kuwona momwe ma koala amadya nthaka, izi siziri choncho chifukwa nyama zimapenga, motero zimabwezeretsa kusowa kwa mchere mthupi.
Amamwa ma koala, inde, ochepa kwambiri. Izi zimachitika nyama ikamadwala kapena pakakhala chilala kwanthawi yayitali. Nthawi zonse, mame omwe amapezeka pamasamba ndi madzi a masambawo amakhala okwanira nyama. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti pamitundu 600 yamitengo ya bulugamu, koala imakonda kusankha mitengo 30 yokha kuti idye. Kuphatikiza apo, zokonda zimasiyananso m'malo osiyanasiyana a kontrakitala.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: chimbalangondo cha koala
Moyo wodziyesa ndi wosasangalatsa wa ma koala ndi wokhudzana mwachindunji ndi mitengo yobiriwira ya bulugamu, yomwe amakhala nthawi yayitali. Ma dashes apafupipafupi pansi amangosunthira kuchoka pamtengo umodzi kupita pa wina. Masana, ma koala amagonjetsedwa ndi tulo tofa nato, tomwe timatenga maola 18 mpaka 20.
Kenako (nthawi zambiri usiku) ogona amatha maola angapo kuti adyetse. Ma Koala ali ndi kuthekera kwachilendo komanso kwachilendo kuzizira, ngati mafano, ndikukhala osasunthika kwa maola ambiri. Mwachiwonekere, panthawiyi amalingalira ndi kusinkhasinkha za moyo wawo wopanda phokoso, wokoma bulugamu.
Koala imakwera mitengo mosalimba, ikumamatira ku mitengo yake ikuluikulu ndi nthambi zake. Ngakhale nyamazo zimakhala zocheperako komanso zoletsedwa, zikawona zoopsa, zimatha kuthawa msanga, kenako kukabisala mu chisoti chobiriwiracho. Ngakhale ndi gawo lamadzi, chinyama ichi chitha kupirira ngati kuli kofunikira. Kuphatikiza apo, mwamantha, koala amafuula ndi mawu otsika, ngakhale ali munthawi yokhazikika amakhala chete komanso wodekha.
Koalas amakhala okha, aliyense ali ndi gawo lake. Sakonda opikisana nawo omwe asochera mwangozi; akakumana, amuna nthawi zambiri amamenya nkhondo, makamaka munyengo yokhwima. Ma Koala amakhala moyo wongokhala, amasankha kuti asasiye magawo awo. Mwachilengedwe, ma koala achilengedwe amakhala zaka pafupifupi 12, ali mu ukapolo amatha kukhala mpaka 20, ngakhale izi ndizosowa kwambiri.
Komabe, polankhula za chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe cha zolengedwa zachilendozi, tiyenera kudziwa kuti sizili zazing'ono ngati nyama zina zambiri, koma ndi ochezeka, okoma mtima komanso odalirika. Ndikosavuta kuweta ndikukhala bwenzi lenileni la koala, nyamayo imakonda kucheza ndi anthu ndikuwapatsa chikondi ndi kukoma mtima. Kuyang'ana pang'onopang'ono komanso kutopa kwa ma koala, mumakhala mwamtendere, ndipo nkhawa zonse ndi mikangano zimazimiririka.
Powombetsa mkota, zinthu zotsatirazi zamakhalidwe ndi ma koala zitha kudziwika pano:
- kuchedwa;
- gulu lankhondo;
- kukhulupirira;
- chikhalidwe chabwino.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Koala waku Australia
Amuna ndi akazi onse amakula msinkhu azaka ziwiri. Zazimayi zimayamba kuswana msinkhu womwewo, ndipo amuna okha pambuyo pa zaka zingapo, akakhwima ndi kulimba pakuthana ndi amuna ena pamkangano wa wamkazi. Akazi ochulukirachulukira amabadwa m'derali, chifukwa chake amuna onse alibe m'modzi, koma akwatibwi angapo nthawi imodzi. Ma Koala samasiyana pakubala makamaka, chifukwa chake amabereka ana kamodzi zaka ziwiri zilizonse.
Nthawi yodzikweza, abambo amatulutsa kufuula kopatsa chidwi komwe kumakopa akazi. Komanso, amapaka pachifuwa pawo mitengo ikuluikulu yamtengo, ndikulemba. Mkwati panthawiyi amatha kuyenda maulendo ataliatali kufunafuna abwenzi, omwe amatha kuyambira awiri mpaka asanu. Akazi amakonda abambo achikulire komanso omveka kwambiri, ndipo kusankha kwawo kumadalira izi. Monga ma marsupial ena, maliseche a koala amakhala ndi zinthu zosangalatsa: mwa amuna, ziwalo zoberekera zimasulidwa, ndipo mkazi amakhala ndi nyini ziwiri. Nthawi yokwatirana imayamba kuyambira Seputembara kapena Okutobala mpaka Okutobala.
Mimba ya koala imatenga masiku 30 mpaka 35. Ndizochepa kwambiri pakabadwa ana awiri nthawi imodzi, nthawi zambiri kamwana kamodzi kamabadwa. Iye ndi wamaliseche kwathunthu, khungu lake ndi la pinki, mwana wake ndi wocheperako - mpaka 1.8 masentimita ndipo amalemera magalamu 5 okha.
Kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yoyambirira ya moyo wake, mwana samasiya thumba la amayi ake, komwe amamwa mkaka mosangalala. Kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yotsatira ya moyo, mwana wokula pang'ono akukwera amayi ake, atagwira tsitsi lake kumbuyo kapena pamimba ndi zikoko zake zolimba. Pofika masabata makumi atatu, mwana amakhala akusintha kuchokera ku mkaka kuti adye zonyansa za amayi, zomwe zimakhala ndi masamba a bulugamu osagayidwa theka. Chifukwa chake amadya mwezi wathunthu.
Koalas amakhala odziyimira pawokha ali ndi zaka chimodzi. Akazi nthawi zambiri amasiya amayi awo panthawiyi, kuyamba moyo wawo wachikulire. Ndipo amuna amakhala ndi amayi awo mpaka zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu, kenako amangoganiza zomusiya, kuti apeze magawo awo amoyo wawo wonse.
Adani achilengedwe a koala
Chithunzi: Koala yaying'ono
Kumtchire, ma koala alibe adani. Olusa alibe chidwi ndi nyama izi, chifukwa nyama yawo imanyowetsedwa ndi bulugamu, chifukwa chake ndizosatheka kudya. Galu wamtchire, dingo kapena galu wamba wosochera, amatha kumenya koala, koma amangovutitsa ndikulimbana, ngati gwero la chakudya cha koala omwe safunikira.
Tsoka ilo, ma koala amakhala ndi matenda angapo omwe amawopseza kwambiri, ndi awa:
- conjunctivitis;
- sinusitis;
- chotupa;
- periostitis wa chigaza.
Kutupa kwamatenda anyama nthawi zambiri kumasanduka chibayo, komwe kumatha kubweretsa imfa. Pali umboni kuti kuphulika kwa matendawa m'zaka za zana la 19 ndi 20 kwachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa ma koala ku kontrakitala ya Australia. Choopseza chachikulu kwa ma koala chimanyamula anthu, zomwe zimatsogolera kugwetsa nkhalango za eucalyptus, kuwononga nyama chifukwa chovala chofewa chaubweya. Komanso, m'zaka zaposachedwa, misewu yayikulu yakhala ikukulirakulira, pomwe nyama zochedwa kufa zikuchulukirachulukira zikumwalira pansi pamayendedwe amgalimoto.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Koala pamtengo
Kuphulika kwa matenda omwe atchulidwa kale chinali chimodzi mwazifukwa zazikulu zochepetsera kuchuluka kwa ma koala, koma izi zidali chomwecho mpaka pomwe azungu adawonekera ku kontinentiyo. Iwo ankakonda ubweya wa silky ndi wosangalatsa wa nyama, chifukwa cha zomwe anthu adayamba chiwonongeko chawo chopanda chifundo. Sizinali zovuta kupha koala wopepuka komanso wopanda vuto. Pali zidziwitso kuti mu 1924 mokha, zikopa pafupifupi mamiliyoni awiri zidakololedwa.
Pozindikira kukula kwa tsoka, boma la Australia lidakhazikitsa malire owombera, ndipo pambuyo pake mu 1927 adaletsa kotheratu kusaka nyama zokongolazi. Zaka makumi awiri zokha pambuyo pake, kuchuluka kwa ma koala adayamba kuchuluka pang'onopang'ono. Ndizosangalatsa kuti tsopano kuchuluka kwa ma koala abwerera mwakale, ndipo m'malo ena (Chilumba cha Kangaroo) alipo ochuluka kwambiri, amathyola mitengo yonse ya bulugamu. Adafunsidwa kuti akawombere pang'ono kuti achepetse kuchuluka, koma olamulira sanayese kutero. Ndipo ku Victoria, m'malo mwake, mu 2015, anthu pafupifupi 700 adawonongedwa kotero kuti ena onse adapeza chakudya chokwanira.
Pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwa anthu koala kuli ndi "chiopsezo chochepa", koma chiwopsezo chodula mitengo ndi miliri ndichofunikabe. Pali bungwe lapadziko lonse "Australian Koala Foundation", lomwe limasamalira chitetezo cha anthu a koala komanso malo omwe amakhala. M'mizinda monga Brisbane ndi Perth, kuli mapaki otetezedwa kwathunthu komwe nyama zam'madzi zimakhala mosangalala komanso mosangalala.
Koala - osati wokonda konsekonse waku Australia, komanso chizindikiro cha kontinentiyo. Amatha kutchedwa kuti munthu wokhala chete, wodekha komanso wodekha. Koala amakhala mdziko lokhala ndi eucalyptus, mosatekeseka. Chinthu chachikulu ndichakuti munthu amatha kumvetsetsa za kudzichepetsa kwake ndipo samalowerera mwachinyengo m'moyo wa cholengedwa chovulaza ichi komanso chokoma mtima. Tiyenera kuphunzira kuchokera kwa iye chikhalidwe chabwino ndikudzipatula pamavuto ndi zovuta.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 15.02.2019
Tsiku losintha: 16.09.2019 nthawi ya 9:03
