Njati zaku Africa Ndi nyama yamphamvu, yamphamvu, yoopsa kwambiri. Ku Africa, anthu ambiri amafa chaka chilichonse chifukwa cha njoka. Anthu osalongosokawa ndi otsika mphamvu ndipo ali pachiwopsezo kwa ng'ona zazikulu za Nile komanso mvuu. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti pamodzi ndi mphamvu ndi zoopsa, ndizowopsa. Ndiye woimira wamkulu kwambiri pamasamba onse omwe alipo kale. Njati zakuda za ku Africa zimatchedwanso njati za kaffir.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Njati zaku Africa
Njati zaku Africa ndizoyimira nyama zoyipa za artiodactyl. Ndi wa banja la bovids, olekanitsidwa m'banja limodzi ndi mtundu wina. Wotsogola kwa njati zamakono zaku Africa ndi nyama yopanda ungwe yomwe imafanana ndi nyumbu.
Nyamayo idalipo m'chigawo chamakono cha Asia zaka 15 miliyoni zapitazo. Kuchokera kwa iye kunabwera mzere wa ng'ombe za Simatheriuma. Pafupifupi zaka 5 miliyoni zapitazo, gulu lakale la mtundu wa Ugandax lidawonekera. M'nthawi yoyamba ya Pleistocene, mtundu wina wakale, Syncerus, unatsika mmenemo. Ndi amene adatulutsa njati zamakono zaku Africa.
Pakufika njati zoyambirira zakale, mitundu yoposa 90 ya nyama zazikuluzikuluzi idalipo m'dera lamakono la Africa. Malo awo anali aakulu. Amakhala kudera lonse la Africa. Anakumananso ku Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia.
Pambuyo pake, adafafanizidwa ndi munthu, ndipo pomanga gawo lawo adathamangitsidwa kudera lonse la Sahara, ndipo pang'ono pang'ono adangokhala kumadera akumwera. Misonkhano, itha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: tchire ndi nkhalango. Yoyamba imasiyanitsidwa ndi kupezeka kwa ma chromosomes 52, yachiwiri ili ndi ma chromosomes 54.
Anthu amphamvu komanso akulu kwambiri amakhala kumadera akum'mawa ndi akumwera kwa Africa. Anthu ocheperako amakhala kumadera akumpoto. Chigawo chapakati chimakhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono kwambiri, tomwe timatchedwa njati ya pygmy. Mu Middle Ages, kudera la Ethiopia kunali mitundu ina yaing'onoting'ono - njati zam'mapiri. Pakadali pano, amadziwika kuti wasowa kwathunthu.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Njati za ku Africa
Maonekedwe a njati zaku Africa amasangalatsa ndi mphamvu ndi mphamvu zake. Kutalika kwa nyamayi kumafika mamita 1.8-1.9. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi 2.6 - 3.5 mita. Zoyipa zakugonana zimawonetsedwa, akazi ndi ocheperako komanso opepuka kuposa amuna.
Kodi njati za ku Africa zimalemera motani?
Kulemera kwa munthu wamkulu kumafikira makilogalamu 1000, komanso kupitilira apo. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti osatulutsidwawa amalemera thupi m'miyoyo yawo yonse.
Njati ikakula, imalemera kwambiri. Nyama zimakhala ndi mchira wautali, woonda. Kutalika kwake ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kutalika kwa thupi ndipo ndikofanana ndi masentimita 75-100. Thupi la ma bovids ndi lamphamvu, lamphamvu kwambiri. Miyendo ndi yaying'ono koma yamphamvu kwambiri. Izi ndizofunikira kuthandizira kulemera kwakukulu kwa nyama. Mbali yakutsogolo ya thupi ndi yayikulu komanso yokulirapo kuposa kumbuyo, chifukwa chake miyendo yakutsogolo imawoneka yolimba kuposa yakumbuyo.
Kanema: African Buffalo
Mutu umatsitsidwa pang'ono pokhudzana ndi mzere wa msana, wowoneka bwino. Ili ndi mawonekedwe otambalala, oyenda pakati. Chodziwikiratu ndi nyanga. Akazi, si akulu ngati amuna. Mwa amuna, amatha kutalika kuposa mita imodzi ndi theka. Sizowongoka, koma zopindika. Pamalo pamphumi pake, nyangazi zimamera palimodzi ndikupanga chishango chokulirapo komanso cholimba. Pamutu pali makutu ang'onoang'ono, koma otakata, omwe nthawi zonse amatsitsidwa chifukwa cha nyanga zazikulu.
Chishango chakuda chakuda cha aliyense chimakhala chitetezo chodalirika ndipo chimatha kupirira ngakhale kuwombera mfuti.
Njati zaku Africa zili ndi maso akulu kwambiri, akuda omwe amakhala pafupi ndi kutsogolo kwa mutu. Nthawi zambiri misozi imatuluka m'maso, yomwe imakopa tizilombo tambiri. Izi zimakhumudwitsa nyama zomwe zakhala zikulimbana kale. Tsitsi la nyamayo ndi lolimba komanso lakuda, pafupifupi lakuda. Khungu la nyama ndi lolimba, lakuda, lopangidwira chitetezo chodalirika ku kuwonongeka kwa makina akunja.
Mwa akazi, mtundu wa malayawo ndi opepuka kwambiri, uli ndi bulauni yakuda, kapena utoto wofiyira. Kukula kwa khungu la munthu wamkulu ndikoposa masentimita awiri! Pa thupi la nyama zazikulu, zomwe zimakhala zoposa zaka 10, mawanga amawonekera, pomwe tsitsi limagwera akamakalamba. Ungulates ali ndi vuto lakumva fungo ndi kumva, komabe, khungu lofooka.
Kodi njati za ku Africa zimakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Njati ku Africa
Njati zakuda zimakhala mdziko la Africa mokha. Monga madera okhalamo, amasankha dera lokhala ndi magwero amadzi, komanso malo odyetserako ziweto, momwe pali masamba obiriwira obiriwira kwambiri. Amakhala makamaka m'nkhalango, m'chipululu kapena kumapiri. Nthawi zina, amatha kukwera mapiri okwera kupitirira 2,500 mita.
Zaka mazana awiri zapitazo, njati zaku Africa zimakhala mdera lalikulu, kuphatikiza Africa yense, ndipo amakhala pafupifupi 40% ya anthu onse omwe amakhala mderali. Mpaka pano, kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe sanapulumuke kwatsika kwambiri ndipo malo awo okhala atsika.
Malo omwe amakhala:
- SOUTH AFRICA;
- Angola;
- Ethiopia;
- Benin;
- Mozambique;
- Zimbabwe;
- Malawi.
Monga malo, malo amasankhidwa omwe amachotsedwa kwambiri m'malo okhala anthu. Nthawi zambiri amakonda kukhazikika m'nkhalango zowirira, zomwe zimadziwika ndi zitsamba zambiri komanso nkhalango zowuma. Nyama zimawona anthu ngati ngozi.
Njira yayikulu mdera lomwe amasankha ngati malo okhala ndi kukhalapo kwa matupi amadzi. Oimira banja la ng'ombe amakonda kukhala kutali osati ndi anthu okha, komanso ochokera kwa oimira nyama ndi zinyama zina.
Si zachilendo kuti iwo agawane gawo, ndi nyama zina zilizonse. Kupatula kwawo ndi mbalame zotchedwa njati. Amapulumutsa nyama ku nkhupakupa ndi tizilombo tina timene timayamwa magazi. Mbalamezi zimakhala pamisana mwa nyama zikuluzikulu zoterezi.
M'nyengo yotentha kwambiri ndi chilala, nyama zimakonda kusiya malo awo ndikukakumana ndi madera ambiri kukafunafuna chakudya. Zinyama zokhazokha zomwe zimakhala kunja kwa ziweto zili m'dera lomwelo ndipo sizimachoka konse.
Kodi njati za ku Africa zimadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Buffalo
Bovids ndi zodyera. Chakudya chachikulu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera. Ng'ombe zaku Africa zimawerengedwa kuti ndizinyama zopanda pake pankhani yazakudya. Amakonda mitundu ina ya zomera. Ngakhale pakakhala pali masamba obiriwira obiriwira, atsopano komanso owuma, azisaka chakudya chomwe amakonda.
Tsiku lililonse, wamkulu aliyense amadya chakudya chambiri chofanana pafupifupi 1.5-3% yolemera thupi lake. Ngati chakudya cha tsiku ndi tsiku sichicheperako, pamakhala kuchepa kwakanthawi kochepa thupi komanso kufooketsa nyama.
Chakudya chachikulu ndi mitundu yobiriwira, yobiriwira ya mbewu zomwe zimamera pafupi ndi matupi amadzi. Njati zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ena am'mimba. Ili ndi zipinda zinayi. Chakudya chikafika, chipinda choyamba chimadzaza koyamba. Monga lamulo, chakudya chimafika pamenepo, chomwe sichimatafunidwa. Kenako imabwezeretsedwanso ndi kutafunidwa kwa nthawi yayitali kuti ikwaniritse zipinda zina zonse zam'mimba.
Njati zakuda zimadya kwambiri mumdima. Masana amabisala mumthunzi wa nkhalango, amagubuduza mumatope. Amangopita kubowothirira. Munthu mmodzi wamkulu amadya madzi osachepera 35-45 malita patsiku. Nthawi zina, posowa masamba obiriwira, nkhalango zowuma zitsamba zimatha kukhala ngati chakudya. Komabe, nyama zimagwiritsa ntchito mtundu uwu wa zomera monyinyirika kwambiri.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Njati za ku Africa
Njati zaku Africa zimawerengedwa ngati nyama zoweta. Amakonda kupanga magulu olimba, ogwirizana. Kukula kwa gululo kumadalira dera lomwe nyamazo zimakhala. M'madera otseguka otseguka, gulu lalikulu limakhala ndi mitu 20-30, ndipo mukakhala m'nkhalango, osapitilira khumi. Ndi kutentha kwakukulu ndi chilala, ziweto zazing'ono zimaphatikizana kukhala gulu limodzi lalikulu. Magulu oterewa amakhala mpaka mitu mazana atatu.
Pali mitundu itatu yamagulu azinyama:
- Gululo limaphatikiza yaimuna, yaikazi, yaing'ono.
- Amuna okalamba azaka zopitilira 13.
- Achinyamata azaka za 4-5.
Munthu aliyense amakwaniritsa ntchito yake. Zodziwa zambiri, amuna achikulire amwazikana mozungulira ndikulondera dera lomwe akukhalamo. Ngati nyamazo sizili pachiwopsezo ndipo palibe chowopsa chilichonse, zimatha kumwazikana patali kwambiri. Ng'ombe zamphongo zikawakayikira, kapena zikawona zoopsa, zimapanga mphete yolimba, pakati pake pali zazimayi ndi ana ang'onoang'ono. Amuna onse akuluakulu akagwidwa ndi adani, amateteza mwamphamvu mamembala ofooka a gululo.
Pokwiya, ng'ombe zamphongo ndizoopsa kwambiri. Nyanga zazikulu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chitetezo komanso pozunza. Atavulaza wovulalayo, amamaliza ndi ziboda zawo, ndikupondaponda kwa maola angapo, mpaka palibe chomwe chatsala. Ng'ombe zakuda zimatha kuthamanga kwambiri - mpaka 60 km / h, kuthawa kuthamangitsa, kapena kuthamangitsa wina. Amuna okalamba osungulumwa amalimbana ndi ziweto ndipo amakhala moyo wawokha. Ndiowopsa makamaka. Achinyamata amathanso kulimbana ndi ziwetozo ndikupanga gulu lawo.
Njati zakuda zimakhala usiku. Mumdima, amatuluka m'nkhalango zowirira ndipo amadyetsa ziweto mpaka m'mawa. Masana, amabisala padzuwa lotentha m'nkhalango, amasamba matope kapena kungogona. Nyama zimachoka m'nkhalango kukangothirira. Ng'ombe nthawi zonse zimasankha dera lomwe lili pafupi ndi posungira ngati komwe kumakhala. Sizachilendo kuti apite mtunda wopitilira makilomita atatu kuchokera posungira.
Njati zaku Africa ndizabwino kusambira. Amasambira mosavuta pamadzi akamayenda mtunda wautali kukafunafuna chakudya, ngakhale sakonda kupita pansi pamadzi. Gawo lomwe lili ndi gulu limodzi la zitsamba sizipitilira ma kilomita 250. Mukakhala munyengo zachilengedwe, njati zaku Africa zimapereka mawu akuthwa. Anthu amtundu womwewo amalumikizana kudzera m'mutu ndi mchira.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Njati zaku Africa
Nyengo yokomana kwa njati ku Africa imayamba ndikayamba kwa Marichi ndipo imatha mpaka kumapeto kwa masika. Kwa udindo wotsogolera pagulu, komanso ufulu wokwatirana ndi mkazi yemwe amamukonda, amuna nthawi zambiri amamenya nkhondo. Ngakhale kuti ndewu zowopsa kwambiri, sizimapha kwenikweni. Munthawi imeneyi, ng'ombe zamphongo zimakonda kubangula kwambiri, ndikuponya mitu yawo, ndikukumba pansi ndi ziboda zawo. Amuna amphamvu kwambiri ali ndi ufulu wokwatira. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti wamwamuna m'modzi amalowa m'banja ndi akazi angapo nthawi imodzi.
Akakwatirana, ng'ombe zimabadwa patadutsa miyezi 10-11. Akazi amabala mwana woposa mmodzi. Asanabadwe, amasiya gulu la nkhosalo ndi kufunafuna malo abata, obisika.
Mwanayo akabadwa, mayi ake amamunyambita bwinobwino. Kulemera kwa wakhanda ndi makilogalamu 45-70. Pambuyo pa mphindi 40-60 atabadwa, ng'ombezo zimatsatira kale amayi kubwerera m'gulu. Ana a njati ku Africa amakonda kukula msanga, kukula ndikulimbitsa thupi. M'mwezi woyamba wamoyo, amamwa osachepera malita asanu a mkaka wa m'mawere tsiku lililonse. Poyambira mwezi wachiwiri wamoyo, amayamba kuyesa zakudya zamasamba. Mkaka wa m'mawere umafunika mpaka miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kapena isanu ndi iwiri.
Anawo amakhala pafupi ndi amayi awo mpaka atakwanitsa zaka zitatu kapena zinayi zakubadwa. Kenako mayi amasiya kuwasamalira ndikuwasamalira. Amuna amasiya ziweto zomwe anabadwira kuti apange zawo, pomwe akazi amakhalabe kwamuyaya. Nthawi yayitali yokhala ndi njati yakuda ndi zaka 17-20. Mu ukapolo, chiyembekezo cha moyo chikuwonjezeka mpaka zaka 25-30, ndipo ntchito yobereka imasungidwanso.
Adani achilengedwe a njati zaku Africa
Chithunzi: Njati zaku Africa vs mkango
Njati zaku Africa ndizinyama zamphamvu modabwitsa komanso zamphamvu. Pachifukwa ichi, ali ndi adani ochepa m'malo awo achilengedwe. Oimira banja la bovids amatha molimba mtima kuthamangira kukapulumutsa anthu ovulala, odwala, ofooka a gululi.
Adani a Buffalo:
- nyalugwe;
- kambuku;
- fisi wonenepa;
- ng'ona;
- mkango.
Adani achilengedwe amatha kukhala ndi mphutsi komanso tizilombo toyamwa magazi. Amakonda kuwononga thupi la nyama, ndikupangitsa njira zotupa. Ku tiziromboti, njati zimapulumutsidwa ndi mbalame zomwe zimakhala pamisana pa nyama zikuluzikulu ndikudya tizilombo timeneti. Njira ina yopulumukira ku majeremusi ndikusambira mumatope. Pambuyo pake, dothi limauma, limapindika ndikugwa. Pamodzi ndi izo, tiziromboti tonse ndi mphutsi zawo zimatulukanso mthupi la nyama.
Mdani wina wa njati zazikuluzikulu zaku Africa ndi munthu komanso zochita zake. Tsopano kusaka njati sikofala kwenikweni, koma opha nyama zakale mopitirira malire anawononga ng'ombe zonsezi mwaunyinji, nyama, nyanga ndi zikopa.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Njati zaku Africa
Njati zaku Africa sizinyama kapena nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha. Pankhaniyi, sizidalembedwe mu Red Book. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wina, lero padziko lapansi pali mitu pafupifupi miliyoni za nyama iyi. M'madera ena a kontinenti ya Africa, kusaka njati kololedwa kuli ndi chilolezo.
Njati zambiri zimapezeka m'malo osungira zachilengedwe ndi malo osungira nyama otetezedwa, mwachitsanzo, ku Tanzania, ku Kruger National Park ku South Africa, ku Zambia, madera otetezedwa a Luangwa River Valley.
Malo okhala njati zakuda za ku Africa kunja kwa malo osungira nyama ndi malo otetezedwa ndi ovuta chifukwa cha zochitika za anthu komanso chitukuko cha malo ambiri. Oyimira banja la bovid sangathe kulekerera zoweta, nthaka yaulimi ndipo sangathe kuzolowera momwe zinthu zilili posachedwa.
Njati zaku Africa amadziwika kuti ndi mfumu yathunthu ku Africa. Ngakhale mfumu yamphongo yolimba mtima komanso yolimba mtima, mkango, imawopa nyama zowopsa, zamphamvu modabwitsa komanso zamphamvu. Mphamvu ndi ukulu wa chilombo ichi ndichodabwitsa kwambiri. Komabe, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti akhale ndi moyo mwachilengedwe.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 05.02.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 16.09.2019 pa 16:34
