Ziweto zamiyendo inayi zimatha kutenga matenda amkhutu monga momwe zimakhalira ndi anthu, ndipo nthawi zina zimakhala zowonjezereka. Monga matenda ena, otitis media agalu atha kutenga mawonekedwe owopsa atasiyidwa. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kudziwa momwe mungadziwire matendawa munthawi yake ndikuwachiza moyenera.
Kodi otitis media ndi chiyani?
Khutu la galu wathanzi lili ndi zigawo zazikulu zitatu... Khutu lakunja limakhala ndi chimbudzi, chishango chomwe chimayendetsa mawu kulowa mu ngalande yopapatiza yooneka ngati L yomwe imakafika mpaka mkatikati mwa khutu. Kanema woboola pakati L nthawi zambiri amatchedwa kuti ali ndi gawo loyimirira komanso lopingasa.
Zofunika!Otitis media ndimachitidwe otupa omwe amapezeka mgawo limodzi pamwambapa.
Khutu lapakati limakhala ndi magawo opanga mawu komanso opanga mawu. Kapangidwe kameneka kamangomvera kwambiri nyama. Amakhala ndi tympanic patsekeke, nembanemba, Makutu chubu ndi mafupa - malleus, incus ndi stapes. Pakatikatikati mwa khutu pamakhala tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tomwe timasakanikirana ndi timagulu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapanga.
Ili ndi maluwa abwinobwino a bakiteriya. Khutu lapakati limalumikizira kumbuyo kwa pharynx kudzera mumtsinje wamakina kuti athandizire kuthamanga kwa mpweya mu mphako ya tympanic. Khutu lamkati limalumikizana ndi ubongo ndipo limakhala ndi mitsempha, yoyimiriridwa ngati membranous bony labyrinth.
Kodi matendawa ndi oopsa bwanji?
Otitis media ndiye matenda ofala kwambiri omwe ziweto zamiyendo inayi zimalandiridwa kuzipatala. Matenda ooneka ngati osavuta chonchi akhoza kuwononga thanzi la chiweto, chomwe chimamva kupweteka komanso kupweteka nthawi zonse. Matenda omwe angosiyidwa mwangozi atha kupangitsa kuti nyama iphedwe.
Otitis
Agalu, otitis media nthawi zambiri amachokera pakukula kwa mabakiteriya kapena fungal matenda m'makutu, kufalikira kuchokera kumtsinje wakunja. Komanso, munthawi zambiri, matenda obwera chifukwa cha bakiteriya kapena kuvulala kwamutu kwakukulu komwe kumachitika chifukwa chotupa kwachiwiri kungakhale chifukwa. Otitis media amathanso kuchitika chifukwa cha neoplasia (mwachitsanzo, chotupa cha follicular, cholesteatoma, kapena adenocarcinoma).
Kapenanso kukhala wolowa m'malo mwanjira zina zomwe zimayambitsa mitundu ina. Izi zimachitika ndi nyama momwe, kutengera mawonekedwe amtunduwu, mkamwa wofewa umakhuthala ndipo kutsegula kwa nasopharyngeal kwa chubu cha Eustachian kumachepa. Komanso, mucopolysaccharidosis imatha kupangitsa otitis media. Chofala kwambiri pakukula kwa otitis media mu agalu ndi kudzikongoletsa. Zovulaza nyama, kuyeretsa kosakwanira kwa ngalande zamakutu, komanso mopitirira muyeso. Chifukwa chosakwanira, mabakiteriya oyambitsa matendawa amasonkhana kumeneko, ndipo chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwambiri, zotchinga zotchinga zimatsukidwa.
Komanso omwe ali pachiwopsezo ndi agalu onenepa, okhala ndi chitetezo chofooka, mano oyipa komanso kusintha kwa mahomoni... Hypothermia wokhazikika, chifukwa chogona osagona pansi ozizira kapena polemba, amatha kupha, makamaka ngati pali zoopsa zina. Nthawi zambiri, agalu omwe ali ndi otitis media amakonda kusokonezeka, adavulala pamutu kapena ali ndi tiziromboti, mwachitsanzo, nthata zamakutu.
Mitundu ya otitis media
Otitis media, monga momwe khutu la khutu limakhalira, limatha kukhala lakunja, lapakati komanso lamkati. Zonse zimatengera kuti ndi dipatimenti iti yomwe yakhudzidwa. Otitis media mdera lakunja amawonedwa ngati mtundu wofatsa kwambiri wamatendawa. Izi ndichifukwa choti pakadali pano, matendawa samakhudza mwachindunji thandizo lakumva. Ngati matenda olondola apangidwa munthawi yake ndipo chifukwa chake amathana nawo, malinga ndi malamulo onse oyenera a chithandizo, otitis externa imatha kuchiritsidwa mosavuta.
Otitis media ndiye matenda omwe amapezeka kwambiri. Agalu omwe ali ndi otitis media amapezeka kwambiri. Popeza zinthu zofunikira zowunikira zili m'chigawo chino, kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa matenda kumatha kudzaza ndi vuto lakumva. Matendawa amafika pamalopo kudzera m'magazi, kapena kuchokera kumimbako yakunja monga nasopharynx. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mano a nyama ali bwino kapena pali ma virus ndi rhinitis pafupipafupi, pali vuto la otitis media.
Ndizosangalatsa!Pankhani ya otitis media, ndikofunikira kwambiri kukaonana ndi dokotala munthawi yake, chifukwa otitis media yayitali imatha kusandulika mkati, yomwe imakhala ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa kwambiri komanso kuuma kwamankhwala. Mulimonsemo simuyenera kudzipatsa nokha mankhwala, kutsatira nzeru zanu kapena upangiri kuchokera kwa anthu osadziwa zambiri.
Otitis media ndiye mtundu wochepa kwambiri wamatenda ndipo, nthawi yomweyo, wovuta kwambiri. Wothandizira matendawa amapezeka mkatikati mwa khutu, lomwe lili pafupi kwambiri ndi ubongo. Kuchedwa pankhaniyi kumatha kutenga gawo lochititsa manyazi. Chiweto chodwala matenda amtunduwu chimatha kugontha kapena kufa, chifukwa cha kukula kwa meningitis, ngati njira zotupa zimapita kumalo amkati mwaubongo.
Komanso, canine otitis media itha kugawidwa kutengera ndi wothandizirayo wa matendawa - kukhala exudative, purulent kapena catarrhal. Matendawa amapita pachimake kapena pachimake.
Kuphatikiza pa magulu awa, matupi awo sagwirizana, opweteketsa mtima komanso opatsirana amachitikanso mwa agalu. Kuchokera maina zikuwonekeratu chifukwa chake. Ngati zowopsa za otitis media zitha kuganiziridwa ndikuwunika makutu a galu, ndiye kuti matupi awo sagwirizana ndi otitis ndizovuta kwambiri kuwazindikira ngakhale kwa akatswiri azachipatala. Ngati zichitika, ndikofunikira kuzindikira kuti allergen ndi yotani.
Parasitic otitis media imayamba chifukwa chakoloni ya khutu lamatenda ndi tiziromboti. Amatha kuvulaza minofu, kubweretsa matenda, zotsatira zake ndikutupa, kapena atha kupangitsa kuti thupi lawo lisagwirizane ndi zomwe akuchita. Makamaka matenda ndi mitundu ndi makutu atapachikidwa, mwamphamvu mbamuikha ku chigaza. Chifukwa chakapangidwe kameneka, mpweya umazungulira m'malo awa moyipa, chifukwa chake chilengedwe chofunda, chinyezi chimapangidwa - chofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Zizindikiro za otitis mu galu
Zizindikiro zamatenda amakutu zimatha kukhala zofewa mpaka zovuta. Zizindikiro zimatchulidwa makamaka pakukula kwa matendawa.
Otitis media imasokoneza nyama. Mutha kuwona kuti amakanda pafupipafupi kumbuyo kwamakutu, ndikupukusa mutu. Kupendekera kumutu kumawonedwa nthawi zambiri, makamaka ngati kutupa kumayamba pakatikati pakhutu.
Ndizosangalatsa!Otitis media ili ndi zizindikiro zapadera, popeza zida za vestibular zili mkatikati mwa khutu. Zina mwazosiyanazi ndi chizungulire, kusanza, kutaya mawonekedwe mlengalenga (mawonedwe osamvetsetseka a zikopa ndi mutu amawoneka), salivation imakula.
Zizindikiro za otitis media mu agalu zimapweteka komanso kuyabwa.... Pakufufuza kwakunja, mutha kuwona kufiira, kutupa, kutukuka, kutayika tsitsi, kutulutsa kwakuda kapena chikaso, komanso fungo losasangalatsa. Chinyama chodwala sichisowa mtendere. Pofuna kuchotsa kusapeza, amatha kugwedeza mutu wake, ndikupaka makutu ake ku mipando ndi makoma. Vutoli likakulirakulira, galuyo ataya mphamvu, amatha kuyenda mozungulira, amayamba kumva moipa kwambiri, motero, amachitapo kanthu pakalamulidwa.
Diagnostics ndi chithandizo
Nthawi zambiri, kupezeka kwa matenda amkhutu mwa galu kumatha kutsimikizika zowoneka. Zizindikiro zakunja zomwe galu ali ndi matenda otitis amatha kuwoneka ngati wopendekera mutu, kupweteka khutu kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana kuchokera kufatsa kufikira kosapiririka. Matenda a Horner amathanso kuchitika. Ndikofunika kwambiri kulabadira mkhalidwe wa galu.
Matenda ena amatha kukhala chifukwa cha zovuta za otitis media. Mwachitsanzo, keratoconjunctivitis youma kapena retrobulbar abscess. Nthawi zambiri, nyama zimakomoka pomwe matenda afika pachimake chaubongo, zomwe zimabweretsa chitukuko cha meningitis. Kuti mupeze matenda oyenera, muyenera kupita ndi chiweto chanu kwa veterinarian kuti mukapimidwe bwino.
Njira yodziyesera yokha nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi izi:
- kuwunikanso ndikukambirana za zomwe mwini galu wazindikira;
- kuyezetsa kwathunthu;
- kutenga chitsanzo cha kutulutsa khutu kuti akawunike zasayansi.
Kuyang'anitsitsa khutu nthawi zambiri kumawunikira kuphulika kwa nembanemba ya tympanic chifukwa chodzaza madzi. Ndi matenda aakulu, kusintha kwa ma hyperplastic kumatha kuwonedwa mu epithelial lining. Kusintha kumeneku kumatenga nthawi yayitali kuti achire bwinobwino.
Dokotala wanu akatsimikizira kuti galu wanu ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa khutu, njira yothandizira imatha kupangidwa potengera komwe matendawa amachokera. Dokotala ayamba ayesa kudziwa ngati chifukwa chake chinali thupi lachilendo pakhutu lanyama kapena kuvulala kwa eardrum. Ngati dokotala wanu atulukira chinthu china chakunja, mite, chomangirira mkati mwa ngalande yamakutu, mwina adzagonetsa galu kuti achotse chinthucho ndikutsuka khutu lake. Ndi izi, mankhwalawa adzakhala osiyana kotheratu. Otoscope imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa. Ngati nthendayo ikuchititsa kuti nyamayo ipweteke kwambiri yomwe imapangitsa kuti ikhale yopanda pake kapena yamwano, wodwalayo ati agwiritse ntchito mankhwala opatsirana kapena ochititsa dzanzi.
Gawo lotsatira pakuwunika ndi kuyesa kwa cytology, komwe kanyumba kakang'ono kamachotsedwa pamtsinje wamakutu ndikuyesedwa ndi microscope. Chifukwa chake, ndikotheka kudziwa mtundu wa chamoyo chomwe chimayambitsa matenda ndikupatsanso chithandizo chothandiza kwambiri kwa chiweto. Ngati pangakhale zamoyo zingapo, mankhwala owonjezera osiyanasiyana adzafunika kuti athetse matendawa. Maantibayotiki nthawi zambiri amapatsidwa matenda a bakiteriya.
Ngati nthendayi ili pakatikati, chithandizo chingakhale chovuta kwambiri. Kufufuza pamlanduwu kungaphatikizepo ma x-ray, kuyesa ma labotale, ndipo nthawi zina, kuchitidwa opaleshoni. Chithandizo chitha kutenga milungu isanu ndi umodzi. Munthawi imeneyi, ndikofunikira kuchepetsa zochita za nyama.
Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti nthawi yayitali matendawa akamakula popanda kuchitapo kanthu moyenera, kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kuchiritsa. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kupita ndi chiweto chanu kwa dokotala chizindikiro choyamba cha vuto. Ngati nthendayo siinapite patsogolo kwambiri, kuwonongeka komwe kwachitika kumatha kukonzedwanso kudzera mu opaleshoni. Ndikofunikira kutsatira malangizo onsewa ndikuyamba kulandira chithandizo mwachangu kuti mupewe zovuta zomwe zingachitike.
Ndizosangalatsa!Monga lamulo, mutatsuka ngalande zamakutu kuchokera pagwero la kutupa, mankhwala amderalo amaperekedwa. Kutengera gwero la matendawa, veterinarian azipereka mankhwala opatsirana pogonana, anti-yisiti, corticosteroid ndi mankhwala a antibacterial.
Matenda a khutu amachiritsidwa ndi maantibayotiki... Iyi ndi njira yodziwika bwino komanso yothandiza kwambiri polimbana ndi otitis media. Mankhwala a gululi amachotsa mabakiteriya owopsa, potero amathetsa komwe kumayambitsa matenda komanso matenda. Ndikofunika kutsatira malangizo a mankhwala omwe adalangizidwa ndi dokotala, chifukwa mankhwala amphamvu amagwiritsidwa ntchito omwe angakhale ndi zotsatirapo kapena osagwira ntchito ngati sagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera. Ngati mankhwalawa sakugwira ntchito, m'pofunika kuti abweretse nyamayo kwa veterinarian kuti akafufuze za matendawa.
Kupewa otitis media mu agalu
Njira yosavuta yochizira matenda, monga mukudziwa, ndiyo kupewa. Ngakhale kusisita makutu anu sabata iliyonse kumathandizira kwambiri thanzi la galu wanu. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka ngati ali ndi makutu ataliatali, osasinthasintha okhala ndi tsitsi lochuluka mkati, kapena akudwala matenda ena monga ziwengo za nyengo zina. Pofuna kupewa, kudzikongoletsa pafupipafupi m'derali kumatha kuchitika.
Dokotala wanu angakulimbikitseni kutsuka khutu komwe mungagwiritse ntchito pa nyama yanu sabata iliyonse kuti makutu anu akhale oyera komanso opanda zinyalala ndi mabakiteriya. Izi zitha kuwoneka zopweteka, koma owona zaumoyo amalimbikitsa mwamphamvu kuti asataye njirayi, kuibwereza sabata iliyonse.
Njira imeneyi ikamachitika kawirikawiri ndipo poyambapo kuyambika, zimakhala zosavuta kuti chiweto chizizolowere. Ngati galu amakhala ndi vuto lakumva khutu kapena matenda ena, ndikofunikira osati kungoonana ndi dokotala matendawo atangoyamba kumene, komanso kuti azichita mayeso oteteza pafupipafupi.
Ndizosangalatsa!Kufunsira kwa dermatologist wovomerezeka ndi ziweto kungakhale kofunikira kwambiri pakuwunika bwino, njira zamankhwala komanso kupewa. Izi zithetsa mawonekedwe obwereza komanso otitis otsogola mtsogolo.
Anthu ena amakonda otitis kunja chifukwa cha mawonekedwe am'makutu awo. Kutupa ndi kutupa nthawi zambiri kumapangitsa kuti ngalande ya khutu ichepetse, zomwe zimathandiza kusunga chinyezi ndi zotsekemera, zomwe ndizofunikira kuti matenda azitha. Kuwunika koyenera ndikuwunika mosamala ndikofunikira kuti mupange njira yothandiza kwambiri yothandizira nyama yomwe yakhudzidwa.
Zidzakhalanso zosangalatsa:
- Pyometra mu galu
- Enteritis mu galu
- Nyongolotsi mu galu
- Khunyu agalu
Odwala onse omwe ali ndi otitis media amalandila anti-inflammatory steroid mankhwala ndikuyeretsa khutu koyenera, zomwe zimafunikira musanayambe mankhwala opha tizilombo kapena antifungal. Ngati khutu lakunja lawonongeka kwambiri, opareshoni amatha kubwezeretsa bata ndikuwonetsetsa kuti akuchira kwathunthu.
Zowopsa kwa anthu
Kupatsirana kwa nyama ndi munthu kwa otitis media sikokayikitsa, koma njira zina zofunika kuzisamalirira ndiyofunika kuzitenga... Makamaka zikafika kunja kwa bakiteriya otitis media. Kuti atenge kachilomboka, mabakiteriya ochokera khutu la galu amayenera kufika kwa munthuyo. Pofuna kupewa izi, ndikofunikira kuti tisalole nyamayo kuzinthu zaukhondo zapabanja, pabedi ndi patebulo.
Ndikofunika kusamba m'manja mwathu mukatha kulumikizana kapena kuyeretsa khutu. Anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka komanso ana aang'ono ali bwino polepheretsa kulumikizana kwawo ndi chiweto mpaka nthawi yakuchira. Makamaka ayenera kulipidwa ndi otitis media, yomwe imayambitsidwa ndi matenda a ma virus. Mavairasi ndi opatsirana kwambiri komanso osakhazikika. Ndipo otitis media imangotsatira zotsatira za matendawa.
