Nosuha Ndi nyama yaying'ono yokongola. Amatchulidwa kuti mphuno zawo zoyenda kwambiri, zomwe zimawonetsa kukhudzika kwa nyama. Dzina la sayansi la nyamayo ndi coati, kuchokera ku India limatanthauza "Mphuno". Anthu akayamba kukhala ndi nyama zosowa kunyumba, nosoha ndiyachiweto cha mabanja ambiri, machitidwe ake amaphunziridwa kuthengo komanso kunyumba.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Nosuha
Nosuha ndi wa m'banja la raccoon la dongosolo la odyetsa, amafanana nawo kwambiri, koma pali kusiyana kwamawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe. Poyamba, anali kufananizidwa ndi mbira ndi nkhandwe, mawonekedwe, mtundu wa chakudya kapena machitidwe, koma chinyama ichi chidapezeka kuti chimayandikira kwambiri ma raccoons, makamaka pamakhalidwe ndi kapangidwe ka thupi.
Zonse pamodzi, pali mitundu itatu ya mphuno:
- Mphuno wamba;
- Coati;
- Mphuno yamapiri.
Amasiyana mitundu ndi mawonekedwe a thupi pang'ono, ndipo amapezeka kwambiri m'mayiko osiyanasiyana. Asayansi nthawi ndi nthawi amagawa mitundu yazinyama m'magulu ena malinga ndi mtundu wina, mwachitsanzo, koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 21, magawo khumi ndi atatu a nosoha wamba anali atadziwika kale. Anthu ambiri ali ndi mikhalidwe yabwino kwambiri komanso moyo wawo, womwe umathandizira magawano kukhala subspecies. Komabe, iyi ndi nkhani yotsutsanabe ndipo kuchuluka kwa subspecies kumatha kusiyanasiyana.
Nyama izi ndizochezera, machitidwe awo ndizosangalatsa kuziwona. Mwa iwo okha, polumikizana, amagwiritsa ntchito mawu ambiri, ali ndi nkhope yogwira, makamaka chifukwa cha mphuno, komanso magulu omwe amapanga pakati pa abale awo apafupi kwambiri. Zinali zotheka kuweta mphuno, ndipo zikukhala zotchuka kwambiri kukhala ndi nyamazi m'nyumba.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Mphuno ya nyama
Nyama yakutchire, thupi limakhala lalitali, pafupifupi masentimita 60. Mchirawo ndi wautali kuyambira 30 mpaka 70 cm, kutambasulidwa kumtunda, ndipo kumapeto kwake udakali wopindidwa pang'ono. Kulemera kwa munthu wamkulu kumatha kufikira makilogalamu 10, koma pafupifupi amakhala makilogalamu 6 - 8. Miyendo ndi yaifupi, yamphamvu, miyendo yakutsogolo ndi yayifupi pang'ono kuposa yakumbuyo. Zilondazo ndi zazing'ono, zokhala ndi akakolo osinthasintha, zala zakuphazi ndi zikhadabo zazikulu zakuthwa, zomwe zimalola mphuno zake kukwera mitengo ndikukwera ndi kukumba mu dothi, kuwawa ngakhalenso khungwa posaka chakudya. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti nyama yapamtunda ili ndi nembanemba pakati pazala zazala, ndipo, monga kunapezeka, imakonda kusambira ndikuchita bwino kwambiri.
Kanema: Nosuha
Mphuno ndi yopapatiza, yokhala ndi mphuno yaying'ono, molingana ndi thupi. Ndi chifukwa cha iye kuti anamutcha dzina. Mphuno ikuwoneka ngati kachilombo kakang'ono, kamakhala ndi mapulogalamu ambiri mkati mwake ndipo ali ndi minofu yambiri, choncho imakhala yosangalatsa komanso yosangalatsa. Ndi chithandizo chake, mphuno imafotokozera zakukhosi, imapeza chakudya ndikuchichotsa mwanzeru m'malo ovuta kufikako. Makutu ake ndi ozungulira, owoneka bwino, ang'ono. Maso ndi akuda, ozungulira, amakhala pafupi ndi mphuno ndikuwongolera kutsogolo.
Mphuno zimakutidwa ndi tsitsi lalifupi, losalala komanso lotentha. Nyamayo ndi yamdima wakuda: bulauni, imvi mpaka yakuda. Kumbali yamkati mwake, imapepuka, bere ndi mimba zili pafupi ndi chikasu. Pamphuno pali mabala oyera; pamakutu mozungulira, mozungulira maso ndi mawanga ndi nsagwada yonse yakumunsi mpaka koyambirira kwa khosi. Kumbuyo, miyendo yakunja ndi mawendo palokha ndi malo akuda kwambiri mthupi. Mchira ndi wamizere, pali kusinthana kwa ubweya wowala komanso wakuda waubweya, komanso wogawana kwambiri komanso mchira wonse kuyambira koyambira mpaka kumapeto.
Kodi nosoha amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Raccoon Nose
Nyama iyi imadziwika ndikufalikira ku America. Nthawi zina amatha kuwonekera pafupi ndi nyumba ndi malo otayira zinyalala. Sali amanyazi kwambiri ndipo samatha kukhala kuthengo kokha, koma amakumana mosavuta ndi anthu. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nosoha imakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana ku America. Nosoha wamba amakhala ku South America, kumeneko, kumadera otentha, ndizofala kwambiri. Coati amakhala makamaka kumpoto kwa America, ndi kumunsi kwake. Mphuno yam'mapiri ndiyosowa kwambiri ndipo imakhala m'malo ochepa kwambiri, m'zigwa za Andes ku South America, kufupi ndi kumpoto.
Noo ndi odzichepetsa kumalo awo, makamaka amakhala m'nkhalango zam'malo otentha, amayenda mosavuta ndikudumphira pamitengo. Koma nambala yokwanira ya nosoha imadziwikanso m'malo am'chipululu, momwe, zikuwoneka, malo osiyana kotheratu. Komabe, nyama zimazolowera kutero. Mwachitsanzo, mphuno ya m'mapiri - mtundu womwe unatchulidwa ndi malo ake okhala, ndi mtundu wokhawo womwe umakhala pafupi ndi mapiri.
Zachidziwikire, m'zigwa muli zomera zokwanira ndi nthaka, pali chilichonse chokhala ndi moyo wabwino. Nosuha amakhala pamtunda, amatha kukhala opanda matupi amadzi. Komabe, amadziwa kusambira ndikudumphira m'madzi, ndipo gulu lonse la nyama zokongolazi limatha kukhazikika pafupi ndi matupi amadzi.
Kodi nosoha amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Nosuha (coati)
Mphuno ndizodziwikiratu, kumalo awo okhala ndi pachakudya chawo ndizodzichepetsa. Patsiku la munthu wamkulu, m'pofunika kudya 1 - 1.5 makilogalamu odyetsedwa. Pofunafuna chakudya, mphuno zimadalira mphamvu yawo yakununkhiza, ndi mphuno zawo, ngati manyazi, amakumba pansi, amatembenuza miyala, amanunkhiza udzu ndi mitengo. Popeza iyi ndi nyama yodya nyama, choyambirira, mphuno zimakonda ma amphibiya, achule ndi abuluzi, mazira a zokwawa ndi mbalame, zinkhanira, tizilombo, mphutsi, makoswe, mbewa, ma voles ndi zolengedwa zina zilizonse zazing'ono. Patsiku la njala, mphuno zimadya nyerere, akangaude ndi zina zazing'ono. Kusaka kumachitika ndi gulu lonse la achikulire, lomwe amatsatira. Nosuha amakankhira pansi wovulalayo ndi phazi lake, kenako n kumuluma ndikumupatsa nsagwada yaying'ono yamphamvu, kenako kumadya pang'ono. Nyamayo imadyanso zovunda.
Mphuno zimakonda zipatso zilizonse, zatsopano komanso zowola, zilibe nazo vuto kutafuna muzu kapena mphukira zazing'ono zitsamba. Ndi zikono zawo zadontho, amasenda khungwa la mitengo mosavuta posaka kafadala, ntchentche ndi tizilombo tina. Amathanso kukumba timabowo ting'onoting'ono ndikusaka china chodyera pansi. Nyama zili ndi mano 40, zina mwazo ndi zakuthwa kwambiri, zopyapyala, zina zimakhala zotupa zopera chakudya. Chipangizochi chimakhala choyenera nyama komanso zakudya zamasamba. Pofunafuna chakudya, nyamazo, zimakhala kuti ndizochezeka: woyamba kupeza chakudya amakweza mchira wake ndikutulutsa likhweru. Miniti yomweyi, abale adzasonkhana pozungulira zomwe apezazi.
Mwa okonda nyama, pali omwe ali ndi mphuno kunyumba. Zachidziwikire, ndibwino kulingalira zomwe amadya tsiku lililonse. Ziyenera kuphatikizapo nyama, nsomba, mazira, nthawi zina mumatha kupereka kanyumba tchizi ndi tchizi, sangakane. Mwa zipatso, zosavuta ndizoyenera: maapulo, nthochi, apricots, maula, komanso zipatso. Masamba azu sakonda nosoha, koma sangathe kukana. Ndikofunikira kupatsa ziweto madzi ambiri, ndibwino kuonetsetsa kuti mbale yakumwa imadzaza nthawi zonse.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Nyama ya Nosoha
Nosoha amakonda kukhala moyo wokangalika masana, ndipo usiku amakwera mtengo kapena malo ena obisika kuti agone. Koma izi sizamtundu wina, amatha kusaka usiku, zimatengera zosowa. Mphuno zimayenda pang'onopang'ono, kuyenda modekha ngati amphaka. Akangomva zoopsa, mchira wawo umagwedezeka mwamphamvu, amalira, ndipo amathamangira kutali, ndikupanga liwiro lofika 30 km / h.
Pafupi ndi mitengo, mphuno zimadzidalira kwambiri. Amachita zolimba kwambiri ndikukwera mitengo mwachangu, komwe amabisalira adani awo. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti mphuno zimakhala ndi mamvekedwe osiyanasiyana omwe amatulutsa polumikizana. Asayansi ena amawaika m'gulu la nyama zotsogola kwambiri pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhope, kuyankhula komanso kusamalira abale awo. Zowonadi, akazi ali okonzeka kusamalira ana a anthu ena amayi awo akamwalira. Amafananizidwa ngakhale ndi anyani, powona kulumikizana kwawo kovuta mgulu pakati pawo.
Mphuno sizimakonda kutentha, padzuwa lotseguka bwino zimakonda kukhala mumthunzi wamitengo. Zikatero, amadziwika kuti amakhala otakataka madzulo, madzulo. Akuluakulu amakhala ndi udindo wopeza chakudya, makamaka amasaka masiku athunthu, ndipo ana okulira amasewera wina ndi mnzake ndipo amangophunzira kudzipezera okha chakudya, kuyambira zipatso ndi tizilombo tating'ono. Kutalika kwa moyo wa nosoha pafupifupi zaka 8-10 kuthengo ndipo zotsatira zake zalembedwa mpaka zaka 18 mu ukapolo.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Mphuno za ana
Nyama zimakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono kuyambira anthu angapo mpaka makumi asanu. Zazimayi zomwe zimakhala ndi ana zimakhalira limodzi, pomwe amuna akuluakulu amakhala moyo wawokha komanso amalowa m'magulu nyengo isanakwane. Mwa njira, nyengo yokwanira imatenga nthawi yayitali, kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Marichi. Nthawi imeneyi, amuna amakhala ndi nthawi yotsatira magulu azimayi omwe akula msinkhu. Nthawi zambiri, pagulu la akazi, wina amayenera kumenya nkhondo ndi yamphongo ina. Amamenya nkhonya zawo zakuthwa ndi mano. Wopambana amakhala mtsogoleri wa paketiyo, amalemba gawolo ndichinsinsi chapadera chomwe chatulutsidwa mumkodzo, ndikuyamba kugwira ntchito yachilengedwe.
Kukhathamira kumachitika pakangoyambilira kakang'ono ngati mawonekedwe a ubweya wachikazi ndi lilime. Amuna amuna ndi akazi onse okhwima ogonana pagulu lake. Nyengo ikakwerana itatha, yamphongoyo imakhala kwakanthawi. Mimba imatenga miyezi 2.5. Pafupifupi milungu iwiri asanabadwe, zazikazi zimathamangitsa amuna awo, ndipo iliyonse imapuma kumalo obisika - nthambi zamitengo ndizoyenera kwambiri, komwe zimamanga zisa. Kawirikawiri ana 4 - 6 amabadwa, olemera magalamu 60 - 80. Alibe chochita, akhungu, alibe ubweya, amafunikira chisamaliro cha amayi ndi kutentha. Maso a mphuno zing'onozing'ono amatseguka patsiku lakhumi, ngati tiana tating'ono. Ali ndi zaka zingapo milungu, ayesa kale kuthawa chisa, mkazi amayenera kuwunika mosamalitsa izi. Amayamba kukula mwakuthupi, kuphunzira kuyenda ndikukwera mitengo.
Kuyamwitsa m'mphuno kumatha miyezi inayi. Pambuyo pake, anawo amadziyimira pawokha, amaphunzira kusaka ndi kusewera kwambiri. Ali ndi zaka ziwiri, ana aakazi amakula msanga ndikuyamba kubala okha. Amuna amalowa msinkhu ali ndi zaka zitatu. Pa nthawi ya moyo wawo, akazi akhoza kubereka ana mpaka khumi.
Adani achilengedwe a mphuno
Chithunzi: Nose Raccoon
Ziweto zikuluzikulu zimaopseza nosoha. Magulu atatu akulu a adani achilengedwe amatha kusiyanitsidwa, okhala nawo limodzi. Pamalo otseguka, pakalibe nkhalango, nthawi zambiri amasakidwa ndi mbalame zodya nyama, monga ma kite, akabawi. Chifukwa chake, mphuno zimakonda kukhala m'malo amenewo momwe muli malo okhala: mitengo, miyala, ming'alu, mabowo.
Otsatira omwe sali adani owopsa a mphuno ndi amphaka olusa: jaguar, ocelots, akambuku. Zimayambitsanso ngozi pansi. Ngakhale zilombozi zimayenda mozungulira pamitengoyi, zimasaka makamaka pansi. Kupulumuka ku chilombo chotere ndikosatheka kwa nosoha, ndiwotsika kwa iwo m'zonse: mwachangu, mwamphamvu, ndi kukula. Ndipo titha kuzindikira padera okhala m'nkhalango zotentha ngati njoka. Ma Boa amasinthidwa kuti akhale amoyo m'nkhalango ndipo mitundu yawo imawakoka kumbuyo kwawo. Nthawi zambiri, mphuno zimagwera mumsampha uwu. Atazipinimbiritsa, mabwatowa amawameza kwathunthu ndikuwameza pang'onopang'ono.
Ngakhale ili ndi zikhadabo ndi mano akuthwa, siyimagwiritsa ntchito kuti iteteze kwa adani, ndiyochepa kwambiri. Komabe, chochititsa chidwi ndichakuti mphuno zimatha kuthamanga kwa nthawi yayitali kuchokera ku ngozi yomwe ikubwera; malinga ndi malipoti ena, sangachedwe mpaka maola atatu motsatizana.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Nosuha
Nosoha ndi ambiri ndipo amapezeka ku America konse, kupatula kumpoto. Munthu tsopano ali ndi chidwi choteteza zachilengedwe ndi mitundu ya nyama, chifukwa chake palibe chomwe chikuwopseza nosoha. Zachidziwikire amasaka mphuno, ndipo ku America nyama ya mphuno ndi chakudya chodziwika bwino, komanso ubweya ndiwofunikanso. Koma kuwombera mphuno kumayang'aniridwa mosamala, zochitika za amateur zosaloledwa ndizowopsa.
Nyama zitha kupezanso nkhawa chifukwa chodula mitengo mwachisawawa komanso kuchezera anthu pafupipafupi kumalo awo. Palibe chomwe chingachitike pankhaniyi.Kukula kwa zomangamanga ndi zokopa alendo sizimayimilirabe. Koposa zonse, izi zimakhudza mphuno zam'mapiri, ndiye nyama zazing'ono kwambiri zomwe zimakhala mdera laling'ono. Akunja amawalepheretsa ndikuwakakamiza kuti asamukire kumalo obisika, komwe chakudya ndi kubereka sizingakhale zabwino.
Mtundu wa Mitundu - Wosasamala. Poyeneradi, mphuno odziwika bwino kwa anthu aku America. Ndizolimbikitsanso kuti asayansi akuwaphunzira mwachidwi monga nyama zotukuka kwambiri. Pakakhala kuchepa kwadzidzidzi kwa anthu, pali chiyembekezo kuti sayansi ndi chikhumbo chaumunthu zithandizira kukonza vutoli. Ndipo tsopano, ndikulakalaka kwambiri, mutha kukhala ndi chinyama chotere ngakhale kunyumba, mutaganizira kale mbali zonse zosamalira.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 06.02.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 16.09.2019 pa 16:29
