Dzina lodziwika bwino loti "skinks" limabisa mitundu yoposa wani ndi theka la mtundu umodzi, waukulu kwambiri, wa abuluzi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake Scincidae ndiosiyana kwambiri ndi moyo, mawonekedwe, kadyedwe komanso momwe amabalalira.
Kufotokozera kwa skinks
Kusiyanitsa pakati pa ma skinks kumayamba ndi kunja: zina ndizopentedwa bwino, zina sizowonekera.... Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono 6 (mwachitsanzo, Far Eastern skink) ali ndi achibale akuluakulu, monga chain-tailed skink, omwe amakula mpaka 70 cm.
Akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo amatchula khalidwe lomwe limagwirizanitsa masikono onse - mamba osalala (pafupifupi nsomba) omwe ali pamiyala yamafupa: mwa mitundu yochepa chabe yomwe ili ndi mitsempha kapena ma tubercles. Mamba am'mimbamo ndi m'mimba ali ofanana mofanana.
Mutuwo umaphimbidwa ndi zibangili zosiyana; chigaza chimadziwika ndi zipilala zakanthawi kanthawi. Skinks ali ndi mano opindika komanso opindika pang'ono. Zokwawa zomwe zimadya molluscs ndi zomera zakula ndi mano.
Ndizosangalatsa! Skinks amayang'ana dziko lapansi ndi maso okhala ndi zikope zosiyana komanso ophunzira ozungulira. Ena amatha kuwona kudzera m'maso otsekedwa, omwe amathandizidwa ndi "zenera" lowonekera la chikope chakumunsi. Maso a Golog, ngati njoka, asakaniza zikope zawo.
Banja la Scincidae limaphatikizapo onse opanda mwendo komanso "amiyendo inayi", kuphatikiza:
- njoka yopanda mwendo;
- ndi miyendo yofupikitsidwa ndi zala zopanda chitukuko;
- ndi miyendo yofupikitsidwa ndi nambala yachilendo;
- ndi zala zopangidwa bwino.
Mitambo yambiri imakhala ndi mchira wautali, koma ndiyofupikiranso, imagwiritsidwa ntchito posungira mafuta (short-tailed skink) kapena kumvetsetsa (skin-tailed skink). Pafupifupi khungu lonse, mchira umaduka pangozi. Pomwe wothamangayo akuyang'ana mabala ake, buluziyo akuthawa.
Mitundu yama skinks
Skinks imagawidwa m'magulu anayi, pafupifupi 130 ndi mitundu yoposa 1.5 zikwi. Mabanja ochepa okha ndi omwe amatha kulembedwa (pamutu wa nkhaniyi):
- ligosomal skinks ndiye banja loimira kwambiri, kuphatikiza mibadwo 96;
- khungu lofiirira - mtundu wokhawo wamatope opanda mwendo ndi wake;
- acontium skinks;
- kusinkhasinkha.
Ngati zokwawa zonse zikanakhoza kukumana, sizikanazindikira kuti ndi abale apafupi. Mofananamo ndi spruce cone (chifukwa cha sikelo zopindika), chovala cha ku Australia chingadabwe ndi ubale ndi Alai zabodza gologlaz, zikukwawa m'mapiri a Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan ndi Tajikistan.
Abuluzi a Arboreal (okhala ndi mbale mkatikati mwa miyendo yawo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kukhale kosavuta kukwera thunthu ndi masamba) ndizokayikitsa kuti atsekedwa ndikukumbatira zipolopolo zopanda malire zokhala ku Africa.
Komabe, zazikuluzikulu ndi zazing'ono zonsezi, zosintha mosiyanasiyana komanso zamtundu umodzi, zakhungu ndi maso akulu, zokwawa zokwawa komanso zodyera zimakhala za banja limodzi la Scincidae.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Chifukwa cha mitundu yawo yosiyanasiyana, ma skinks akhazikika padziko lonse lapansi, kupatula Antarctica.... Nthawi zambiri zimapezeka mdera lotentha, koma sizachilendo kumadera akutali (kumpoto / kumwera) ku equator.
Skinks amaimiridwa kwambiri kumaiko aku Australia ndi Africa, Pacific Islands komanso m'maiko aku Southeast Asia. Zokwawa izi (kutengera mtundu wa zamoyo) zimakula bwino m'malo otentha komanso otentha, kuphatikiza mapiri, madambo, nkhalango zowirira ndi zipululu.
Moyo
Kukhalapo kwa ma skinks (kachiwiri chifukwa cha kusazindikira kwawo) kumasiyana kwambiri. Ambiri mwa iwo amakhala ndi moyo wapadziko lapansi, zomwe sizilepheretsa ena kubowola nthaka, kukwera mitengo kapena kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yawo yopumula m'madzi, monga chimfine cha ng'ona chimachitira.
Palinso ena omwe adziwa kalembedwe kaulere ka "kusambira" pamapiri amchipululu. Izi ndizomwe zimatchedwa pharmacy skink, kapena "nsomba zamchenga".
Utali wamoyo
Zambiri pazakutalika kwa nthawi yayitali padziko lapansi zimasiyana. Ndizodziwika bwino kuti mu ukapolo mitundu yotchuka kwambiri (yoluka pamiyala yabuluu ndi yoluka pamiyendo) imakhala mpaka zaka 20-22.
Popeza mwachilengedwe, ma skinks samatsimikizira kutetezedwa kwa adani / matenda komanso kupezeka kwa zinthu zabwino, titha kuganiza kuti zokwawa zakutchire zimamwalira kale.
Chakudya, zakudya zamatope
Mitundu ina (ndi yochepa) imadyetsa zomera... Izi ndi, mwachitsanzo, skink-tailed and short-tailed skinks. Komabe, nyama zolusa zimapezeka kwambiri m'banja la motley, lomwe nyama zake zimakhala zopanda mafupa (kuphatikizapo tizilombo), komanso nyama zazing'ono zazing'ono, kuphatikizapo abuluzi osagwirizana.
Mitundu ina (mwachitsanzo, kusirira kwamaso obiriwira) amawerengedwa kuti ndi omnivores. Zakudya zawo zimawoneka:
- zomera (masamba, zipatso ndi maluwa);
- Nkhono;
- mphemvu ndi akangaude;
- njoka ndi chiswe;
- mazira a mbalame;
- bowa;
- zinyalala chakudya ndi zovunda.
Maso akuluakulu amakono amawononganso zinyama zazing'ono, kuphatikizapo abuluzi ndi makoswe ang'onoang'ono.
Kuswana khungu
Pakati pa ma skinks pali mitundu ya viviparous, ovoviviparous ndi oviparous.
Abuluzi ambiri amaikira mazira ndipo ... popanda kuwawidwa mtima kwenikweni amaiwala za iwo. Koma palinso makolo achitsanzo chabwino, monga mapiri aku North America skink: amakulunga mazira ndikuwateteza osasintha mawonekedwe awo kwa masabata 2-3.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mtundu wina umakhala ku North America, omwe nthumwi zake zimatembenuka ndikunyambita mazira, kuthandiza ana akhanda kuti atuluke, komanso kuwadyetsa.
Viviparous (monga skinks ambiri aku Australia) ndi buluzi wamkulu-wakanthawi kochepa yemwe amakhala ku Australia ndi zilumba za Indonesia.
Ovoviviparity ndimakhalidwe otchedwa Mabui, omwe amakhala ku Asia, Africa, Central ndi South America.
Adani achilengedwe
Kumtchire, khungu limasakidwa ndi:
- agalu / amphaka (zoweta ndi zosokera);
- agalu amtchire;
- njoka zazikulu;
- buluu wowonera imvi;
- mbalame zodya nyama (mwachitsanzo, kuseka kookabara ndi falcon yofiirira).
Zokwawa zimachita zinthu mosiyana zikakhala pangozi... Ena, ngati khungu losongoka pakamwa pa buluu, amalowa mumkhalidwe wawo wokhazikika podziteteza, kutsinya ndi kutupa. Nthawi yomweyo, buluzi amatsegula pakamwa pake, kuwopseza mdaniyo ndi lilime labuluu, mosiyana kwambiri ndi mkamwa wofiyira wowala.
Ndizosangalatsa! Munthu wokhala m'chipululu, malo osungira mankhwala osokoneza bongo, amalowa mumchenga kuti atuluke patali ndi adani.
Pakati pa makanda, omwe amakonda kudwala matendawa amawonekeranso: amanjenjemera, amaundana ngati akufa.
Kusunga khungu kunyumba
Masikono osiyanasiyana amakhala ngati ziweto: ng'ombe zosowa, bulu wang'ona ndi ena. A Terrariumists amakondanso kukongola kwa unyolo wamiyendo yomwe imatha kupachikika mozondoka.
Khungu lakuthwa, chifukwa chakumangirira kwake mwachangu komanso kumvera, limawerengedwa kuti ndi chitsanzo chabwino cha nyama zokwawa zapakhomo.
Zamgululi
Popeza khungu lanyontho limakhala kuthengo mumitengo yayitali, muyenera kukhala ndi terrarium (120 * 60 * 120 cm) yokhala ndi zokutira zokutira.
Mukamakonzekera terrarium, gwiritsani ntchito:
- Zomera zambiri zopangira (kumatha kudya kapena kupondaponda);
- miphika / mabokosi okhala ngati pogona;
- nthambi zolimba zolimba, zotchingidwa molimba;
- miyala yayikulu yokonzedwa bwino;
- chidebe chakuya chamadzi;
- gawo;
- nyali yoyatsa (60 watts);
- Nyali za UV (UVA / UVB).
Maola masana a khungu amatha maola 12. Kutentha kwamasana kumakhala kosiyanasiyana + 25.5 + 29.4 madigiri Celsius (m'malo otentha + 32.2 + 35). Kuwerenga usiku kumayenera kukhala + 20.5 + 23'ะก. Madzi amapopera pamwamba pa zomera / gawo lapansi tsiku lililonse.
Kusamalira, ukhondo
Kusamba kwamadzi komwe kumayikidwa mu terrarium, kudalira kumizidwa kwaulere kwa skink. Sinthani madzi tsiku lililonse. Lonjezerani chinyezi cholimbikitsidwa cha 50-65% munthawi yosungunuka mpaka 80%.
Oyenera gawo lapansi ndikukulunga pepala kapena zolemba, magawo opangidwa okonzeka kwa zokwawa ndi masamba akugwa... Chotsani ndowe kamodzi pa sabata ndikusintha kwathunthu kamodzi pa kotala.
Kudyetsa
Makina amtundu waunyolo amadya madzulo kapena usiku. Izi ndi zokwawa zolusa, kudya zipatso, masamba ndi ndiwo zamasamba kuthengo.
Mu ukapolo, 75-80% ya zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku ziyenera kukhala ndiwo zamasamba zamdima zokhala ndi nsonga zobiriwira:
- nsonga za kaloti ndi turnips;
- mpiru wobiriwira;
- masamba a dandelion;
- masamba obiriwira;
- ficus benjamin;
- zukini, broccoli;
- red Swiss chard;
- masamba a potus.
Podyetsa chakumapeto, chimbudzi cha buluzi chimakhala ndi mtundu wofiirira.
Gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu a chakudya chatsiku ndi tsiku limakhala ndi mbewu monga:
- kabichi, udzu winawake ndi tomato;
- mphukira mpunga ndi nyemba;
- mbatata ndi sipinachi;
- nthochi, kiwi ndi malalanje;
- mapichesi, papaya ndi mango;
- strawberries ndi blueberries;
- mapeyala, maapulo ndi nkhuyu;
- hibiscus ndi maluwa a chitumbuwa;
- chicory, mphesa ndi maluwa.
Zipatso zonse zimatsukidwa musanatumikire, kusenda, kuchotsa mbewu / mbewu, ndipo onetsetsani kuti mwadula.
Zofunika! Nthawi zina, zipatso zazing'ono zoyera zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa zipatso zatsopano. Kamodzi pamwezi, khungu limapatsidwa mazira owiritsa. Mavitamini ndi calcium mu ufa amawonjezeredwa pachakudya nthawi zonse.
Kugula
Skinks amatengedwa m'masitolo odalirika kapena osungidwa m'manja (nthawi zambiri pamsonkhano). Mtengo umatsimikiziridwa ndi mitundu (ya chilengedwe) ya munthu, kukula ndi msinkhu. Chimodzi mwama skinks okwera mtengo kwambiri ndi mawu olankhula buluu: mtengo wake umayambira pa 6-7,000 ruble ndikuyandikira 12,000.
Pafupifupi mtengo womwewo mathithi akuthwa (osati kokha chifukwa cha kukula kwake kodabwitsa, komanso ngati nyama yomwe ili pachiwopsezo ndikuphatikizidwa mu Msonkhano wa CITES).
Zikopa zing'onozing'ono zimaperekedwa pamtengo wotsika kwambiri, m'chigawo cha ruble 2-5 zikwi... Chifukwa chake, khungu lamoto lingagulidwe ma ruble 3.5-3.7 zikwi.
Ngati mukukonzekera kukhala ndi khungu, phunzirani zolembedwazo pamtundu winawake kuti musadyetse nyamayo ndi udzu, ndi buluzi wambiri wodya tizilombo.
