Osati mitundu yonse yamphaka yamphaka (ngakhale okondedwa ndi omwe amafunidwa) angadzitamande chifukwa chovomerezeka, chotsimikiziridwa ndi mabungwe akulu azachipembedzo.
Ndi mitundu ingati yaubweya yomwe imadziwika ndi FIFe, WCF, CFA
Pakadali pano, mitundu yopitilira zana ya mphaka imadziwika kuti mitundu.... Iwo alandira kuyamika uku kumabungwe atatu odziwika:
- World Cat Federation (WCF) - adalembetsa mitundu 70;
- International Cat Federation (FIFe) - mitundu 42;
- Cat Fanciers Association (CFA) - mitundu 40.
Chiwerengerocho sichimawerengedwa chomaliza, chifukwa nthawi zambiri mitundu (pansi pa mayina osiyanasiyana) imasindikizidwa, ndipo zatsopano nthawi zina zimawonjezedwa pamndandanda wazodziwika.
Zofunika! Amphaka okhala ndi tsitsi lalitali amakhala ochepera gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu - 31, omwe nthumwi zawo zimavomerezedwa kuti zimaswana, ali ndi miyezo ndi chilolezo chawo pakuwonetsera.
Amphaka 10 apamwamba kwambiri
Amphaka onse, kuphatikiza omwe ali ndi chovala chotalikirapo, agawika m'magulu angapo akulu - achiaborijini achi Russia, Britain, Eastern, Europe ndi America. Mphaka wa ku Persia yekha (komanso wachilendo pafupi naye) ndiye waubweya wautali, pomwe ena amakhala ndi tsitsi lalitali, ngakhale atatchedwa atsitsi lalitali.
M'dziko lachi Russia ndi mphaka waku Siberia, ku Britain ndi mphaka wa tsitsi lalitali ku Britain, ku Europe ndi mphaka waku Norway, kum'mawa ndi Angora waku Turkey, Burmaese, Turkish van ndi bobtail waku Japan.
M'gulu la amphaka aku America, tsitsi lolumikizidwa limawoneka m'mitundu monga:
- Mphaka wa Balinese;
- Maine Coon;
- Chokoleti cha York;
- mphaka wakum'mawa;
- nibelung;
- nsabwe;
- ragamuffin;
- Somalia;
- Selkirk wokondedwa.
Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu yodziwika bwino monga amphaka a American Bobtail ndi American Curl, Himalayan, Javanese, Kimry ndi Neva Masquerade amphaka, komanso Munchkin, Laperm, Napoleon, Pixiebob, Chantilly Tiffany, Scottish ndi Highland Fold amadziwika chifukwa chowonjezeka.
Mphaka waku Persian
Mitunduyi, yomwe kwawo ndi Persia, imadziwika ndi FIFE, WCF, CFA, PSA, ACF, GCCF ndi ACFA.
Makolo ake amaphatikizapo amphaka aku Asia komanso amphaka amchipululu, kuphatikiza mphaka wa Pallas. Azungu, kapena kani Afalansa, adakumana ndi amphaka aku Persia mu 1620. Nyamazo zimasiyanitsidwa ndi zotumphukira zooneka ngati mphete ndi mphumi odulidwa pang'ono.
Zofunika! Pambuyo pake, Aperisi adalowa ku Great Britain, komwe ntchito idayamba posankha. Persian Longhair ndi pafupifupi mtundu woyamba kulembetsa ku England.
Chofunika kwambiri pamtunduwu ndi mphuno yake yayikulu komanso yopanda pake. Amphaka ena opitilira ku Persian ali ndi nsagwada / mphuno zokhala pamwamba kwambiri kotero kuti eni ake amakakamizidwa kuzidyetsa ndi manja awo (popeza ziwetozo sizimatha kugwira chakudya ndi pakamwa pawo).
Mphaka waku Siberia
Mitunduyi, yozikika mu USSR, imadziwika ndi ACF, FIFE, WCF, PSA, CFA ndi ACFA.
Mitunduyi idapangidwa ndi amphaka amtchire omwe amakhala m'malo ovuta nyengo yachisanu komanso chipale chofewa. Nzosadabwitsa kuti amphaka onse aku Siberia ndi osaka bwino omwe amatha kuthana ndi zopinga zam'madzi, nkhalango zamtchire komanso zotchinga chipale chofewa.
Ndikukula kwa Siberia ndi munthu, amphaka achiaborijini adayamba kusakanikirana ndi obwera kumene, ndipo mtunduwo udatsala pang'ono kutaya umunthu wawo. Momwemonso (kutha kwa zikhalidwe zoyambirira) zidachitika ndi nyama zomwe zidatumizidwa kudera la Europe mdziko lathu.
Anayamba kubwezeretsanso mtunduwo m'ma 1980, mu 1988 mtundu woyamba wa mitundu idakhazikitsidwa, ndipo patatha zaka zingapo amphaka aku Siberia adayamikiridwa ndi obereketsa aku America.
Nkhalango Yaku Norway
Mtunduwo, womwe kwawo kumatchedwa Norway, amadziwika ndi WCF, ACF, GCCF, CFA, FIFE, TICA ndi ACFA.
Malinga ndi mtundu wina, makolo amtunduwu anali amphaka omwe amakhala m'nkhalango zaku Norway ndipo amachokera kwa amphaka okhala ndi tsitsi lalitali omwe nthawi ina adatumizidwa kuchokera ku Turkey yotentha. Nyamazo zasintha nyengo yatsopano kumpoto kwa Scandinavia, ndikupeza malaya othamangitsa madzi ndikukula mafupa / minofu yolimba.
Ndizosangalatsa! Amphaka aku Norway Forest adatsala pang'ono kutha m'munda wowonera obereketsa, ndikuyamba kukhathamira ndi amphaka azifupi a ku Europe.
Obereketsa amaletsa kusakanikirana kwachisokonezo, ndikuyamba kuswana kwa mitunduyo mzaka za m'ma 30 zapitazo. Nkhalango zaku Norway zidayamba ku Oslo Show (1938), kenako hiatus mpaka 1973 pomwe skogkatt adalembetsa ku Norway. Mu 1977 nkhalango zaku Norway zidadziwika ndi FIFe.
Mphaka wa Kimr
Mitunduyi, yomwe imapezeka ku North America, imadziwika ndi ACF, TICA, WCF ndi ACFA.
Ndi nyama zolimba komanso zozungulira zokhala ndi msana wamfupi komanso waminyewa. Zotsogola ndizochepa komanso zazitali, komanso, ndizofupikitsa kuposa zamphongo, chifukwa chake kuyanjana ndi kalulu kumawonekera. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu ndi mitundu ina ndiko kusakhala ndi mchira kuphatikiza ndi tsitsi lalitali.
Kusankhidwa kwa manx aubweya wautali kunasankhidwa ku USA / Canada kumapeto kwachiwiri mzaka zapitazi. Mitunduyi idalandiridwa koyamba ku Canada (1970) ndipo pambuyo pake ku USA (1989). Popeza manxes okhala ndi tsitsi lalitali amapezeka ku Wales, adjective "Welsh" m'modzi mwanjira zake "cymric" adapatsidwa mtundu watsopanowu.
Kupiringa kwaku America
Mitunduyi, yomwe kwawo kumadziwika bwino ndi dzinali, imadziwika ndi FIFE, TICA, CFA ndi ACFA. Chosiyanitsa ndi ma auricles opindika kumbuyo (komwe kumakhotetsa kwambiri, kumakweza gulu la mphaka). Amphaka ochokera m'gulu lawonetsero amakhala ndi khutu lofanana ndi kachigawo.
Mitunduyi imadziwika kuti idayamba ndi mphaka wamisewu wokhala ndi makutu achilendo, opezeka mu 1981 (California). Shulamiti (wotchedwa wotchedwa foundling) anabweretsa zinyalala, kumene ana ena amphaka anali ndi makutu aamayi. Mukakwerana ndi curl ndi amphaka wamba, amphaka omwe ali ndi makutu opotoka nthawi zonse amakhala mwa ana.
American Curl idadziwitsidwa kwa anthu onse mu 1983. Patadutsa zaka ziwiri, tsitsi lalitali, ndipo patapita kanthawi, tsitsi lalifupi lidalembetsedwa.
Maine Coon
Mtunduwo, womwe kwawo kumadziwika kuti ndi USA, amadziwika ndi WCF, ACF, GCCF, CFA, TICA, FIFE ndi ACFA.
Mitunduyi, yomwe dzina lake limamasuliridwa kuti "Maine raccoon", imafanana ndi ziwombankhangazi m'mizere yokha. Akatswiri a zachikhalidwe cha anthu amakhulupirira kuti makolo a Maine Coons akuphatikizapo tsitsi lakum'mawa, la Britain, komanso amphaka a ku Russia ndi a Scandinavia.
Omwe anayambitsa mtunduwo, amphaka wamba amdziko, adabweretsedwa ku North America ndi atsamunda oyamba. Popita nthawi, Maine Coons adapeza ubweya wonenepa ndikukula pang'ono, zomwe zimawathandiza kuzolowera nyengo yovuta.
Anthu adawona Maine Coon woyamba mu 1861 (New York), ndiye kutchuka kwa mtunduwo kunayamba kuchepa ndikubwerera kokha pakati pa zaka zapitazo. CFA idavomereza mtundu wa mtunduwu mu 1976. Tsopano amphaka akulu am'madzi akufunika m'dziko lakwawo komanso kunja.
Ragdoll
Mtunduwo, wobadwira ku USA, amadziwika ndi FIFE, ACF, GCCF, CFA, WCF, TICA ndi ACFA.
Oyambitsa ma ragdolls ("ragdolls") anali opanga awiri ochokera ku California - mphaka waku Burma komanso katsitsi koyera. Wofalitsa Ann Baker mwadala adasankha nyama zokhala ndi mawonekedwe ofatsa komanso kuthekera modabwitsa kwa kupumula kwa minofu.
Kuphatikiza apo, ma ragdoll alibe chilichonse chodzitchinjiriza, ndichifukwa chake amafunikira chitetezo ndi chisamaliro chowonjezeka. Mitunduyi inalembedwa mwalamulo mu 1970, ndipo lero imadziwika ndi mabungwe onse okonda mphaka.
Zofunika! Mabungwe aku America amakonda kugwira ntchito ndi ma ragdoll a mitundu yachikhalidwe, pomwe magulu aku Europe amalembetsa amphaka ofiira ndi zonona.
Mphaka wa longhair waku Britain
Mitunduyo, yomwe idayambira ku UK, imanyalanyazidwa ndi obereketsa aku England, omwe amaletsedwabe kuswana amphaka omwe amakhala ndi jini la tsitsi lalitali. Mgwirizano ndi oweta aku Britain akuwonetsedwanso ndi American CFA, omwe nthumwi zake zili ndi chidaliro kuti amphaka aku Britain Shorthair ayenera kukhala ndi malaya amfupi kwambiri.
Komabe, Britain Longhair imadziwika ndi mayiko ndi magulu ambiri, kuphatikiza International Cat Federation (FIFe). Mtunduwo, womwe umafanana ndi Britain Shorthair mwamakhalidwe ndi kunja, walandila ufulu wovomeleza pazowonetsa zachikazi.
Turkish van
Mitunduyi yomwe idachokera ku Turkey imadziwika ndi FIFE, ACF, GCCF, WCF, CFA, ACFA ndi TICA.
Makhalidwe ake pamtunduwu amatchulidwa kuti kuluka pakati pa zala zakutsogolo, komanso tsitsi lopanda madzi lopepuka. Malo obadwira ma Vans aku Turkey amatchedwa dera loyandikana ndi Lake Van (Turkey). Poyamba, amphaka samakhala ku Turkey kokha, komanso ku Caucasus.
Mu 1955, nyamazo zidabweretsedwa ku Great Britain, komwe ntchito yayikulu yosankha idayamba. Ngakhale kuwonekera komaliza kwa galimoto yomwe idapezeka kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1950, mtunduwo udakhala ngati woyeserera ndipo sunavomerezedwe ndi GCCF mpaka 1969. Chaka chotsatira, a Turkish Van adalembedwanso ndi FIFE.
Ragamuffin
Mitunduyi, yomwe imachokera ku United States, imadziwika ndi ACFA ndi CFA.
Ma Ragamuffins (mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe) amafanana kwambiri ndi ma ragdolls, amasiyana nawo mumitundu yambiri. Ma Ragamuffin, monga ma ragdolls, alibe zibadwa zakusaka kwachilengedwe, sangathe kudzisamalira (nthawi zambiri amangobisala) ndipo amakhala mwamtendere ndi ziweto zina.
Ndizosangalatsa! Nthawi yakubadwa kwa felinologists siyikudziwika bwino. Zikudziwika kuti zoyesa zoyambirira za ma ragamuffin (ochokera ku Chingerezi "ragamuffin") zidapezeka podutsa ma ragdoll ndi amphaka pabwalo.
Obereketsa amayesera kubzala ma ragdoll okhala ndi mitundu yosangalatsa, koma mosazindikira adapanga mtundu watsopano, omwe nthumwi zawo zidayamba kuwonekera pagulu mu 1994. CFA inavomereza mtunduwo ndi muyezo wake pambuyo pake, mu 2003.
Osaphatikizidwe khumi
Pali mitundu ingapo yofunika kuyankhula, osangoganizira zakusintha kwawo kokha, komanso mayina osayembekezereka.
Nibelung
Mitunduyi, yomwe mbiri yake idayamba ku USA, imadziwika ndi WCF ndi TICA.
Nibelung yakhala kusiyana kwa tsitsi lalitali la mphaka wabuluu waku Russia. Ma buluu okhala ndi tsitsi lalitali nthawi zina amapezeka m'mimba mwa makolo ofupikitsa (obereketsa aku Europe), komanso amatayidwa pafupipafupi chifukwa chotsatira kwambiri Chingerezi.
Ndizosangalatsa! Obereketsa ku USA, omwe adapeza ana amphaka okhala ndi tsitsi lalitali m'magulu a ana, adaganiza zosintha mtunduwo kukhala ulemu ndipo adayamba dala kubala amphaka amtundu wa buluu waku Russia.
Makhalidwe abwino atsitsili anali pafupi ndi tsitsi la amphaka a Balinese, kupatula kuti linali lofewa komanso lofewa. Zimaganiziridwa kuti mtunduwo umadziwika ndi dzina lankhondo kwa kholo lake, mphaka wotchedwa Siegfried. Kuwonetsedwa kovomerezeka kwa a Nibelung kunachitika mu 1987.
Laperm
Mtunduwo, womwe umachokera ku United States, umadziwika ndi ACFA ndi TICA.
LaPerm ndi amphaka apakatikati mpaka akulu okhala ndi wavy kapena tsitsi lowongoka. M'chaka choyamba cha moyo, malaya amphaka amasintha kangapo. Mbiri ya mtunduwo idayamba mu 1982 ndi mphaka wamba, yemwe adatulutsidwa m'modzi mwa minda pafupi ndi Dallas.
Iye anabadwa kwathunthu dazi, koma masabata 8 iye yokutidwa ndi zokhotakhota zachilendo. Kusinthaku kudaperekedwa kwa ana ake komanso zina zotere. M'zaka zisanu, amphaka ambiri omwe ali ndi tsitsi la wavy awoneka kuti atha kukhala makolo amtunduwu, omwe amadziwika kuti Laperm ndipo amadziwika pansi pa dzinali mu 1996.
Napoleon
Mitunduyi, yomwe idachokera ku United States, imadziwika ndi TICA ndi Assolux (RF). Udindo wa abambo amtunduwu adasewera ndi American Joe Smith, yemwe anali atabereka Basset Hounds kale. Mu 1995, adawerenga nkhani yonena za Munchkin ndipo adayamba kukonza ndikuwoloka ndi amphaka aku Persian. Aperisi amayenera kupatsa mtundu watsopanowu nkhope yokongola ndi tsitsi lalitali, ndi munchkins - miyendo yayifupi komanso kuchepa kwazonse.
Ndizosangalatsa! Ntchitoyi inali yovuta, koma patapita nthawi yayitali, woweta ziweto adatulutsa ma Napoleon oyamba omwe anali ndi mikhalidwe yoyenera komanso yopanda zolakwika. Mu 1995, Napoleon adalembetsa ndi TICA, ndipo pambuyo pake - ndi ASSOLUX waku Russia.
Magulu ena azachikazi sanazindikire mtunduwo, chifukwa cha mitundu ya Munchkin, ndipo Smith adasiya kuswana, ndikuwononga zolemba zonse. Koma panali okonda omwe adapitiliza kusankha ndipo adalandira amphaka ndi mawonekedwe okongola achichepere. Mu 2015, Napoleon adasinthidwanso Mphaka wa Minuet.
