Ndiwowopsa, wowoneka bwino komanso wowoneka bwino nungu amadziwika kwa ambiri kuyambira ali mwana. Singano zake zazitali zimangokhala zokopa, ndipo atazipukusa, amakhala wowoneka bwino komanso wokongola, ngati nkhanga. Sikuti aliyense amadziwa kuti nyamayi ndi yayikulu komanso yayikulu kuyimira makoswe ndi banja lodziwika bwino la nungu.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Nungu
Nkhumba zimadziwika kuti zimakhala ndi zida komanso zoopsa. Kuopsa kumeneku kumatha kuopseza omwe adzakhale oyamba kumuzunza, koma ambiri ndi nyama yamtendere komanso yabata. Ndizosangalatsa kuti nunguyo imakhala ndi singano zambiri kuposa hedgehog, ndipo ndi yayikulu kukula.
Akatswiri a zooera ochokera ku Europe amaphatikiza nungu ku Europe ndi kumpoto kwa Africa kukhala mtundu umodzi - wokhala. Nungu yaku India imadziwikanso ngati mtundu wodziyimira pawokha. Ndipo asayansi ochokera ku Russia amaika nungu ku Asia komanso ku Europe ngati mtundu umodzi, akuwonetsanso mitundu ina itatu ya nungu yomwe ili ku Africa.
Kanema: Nkhumba
Pali mitundu pafupifupi 30 ya nkhuku, yokhazikika m'malo osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi. Makhalidwe awo akunja amasiyana kutengera malo okhala. Pali nungu zazing'ono kwambiri zolemera pafupifupi kilogalamu imodzi (amakhala ku South America), pali zimphona zamtundu wawo, zomwe zolemera kuposa 10 kg (amakhala ku Africa).
Komabe, mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya nungu ingathe kusiyanitsidwa:
- Nungu wa ku South Africa;
- nkhuku yotchinga (chisa);
- Nungu;
- Nungu wachi Malay;
- Nungu waku India.
Nungu wa ku South Africa ndi imodzi mwazikulu kwambiri m'banja lawo. Thupi lake limatha kutalika kwa masentimita 80, ndipo mchira wake ndi 13. Khoswe wotere amatha kulemera mpaka 24 kg. Makhalidwe ake ndi mzere woyera pagulu lonselo. Ndi minga yake yokha yomwe imatha kutalika kwa theka la mita, ndipo singano zodzitchinjiriza ndizotalika 30 cm.
Nungu yotchedwa crested (crested) ndi yotchuka kwambiri komanso yofala. Amapezeka kumwera kwa Europe, Middle East, Asia ndi India. Pokha, alinso wolemera komanso wamkulu. Kutalika kwake kumafika 70 cm, ndipo kulemera kwake kumapitilira 20 kg. Thupi ndi lamphamvu kwambiri, miyendo yolimba, yoluka. Chifuwa, miyendo ndi mbali zake zili ndi ziphuphu zakuda, singano zazikulu zimatuluka kunja kwa thupi lonse.
Nkhunda ya ku Javanese imawerengedwa kuti ndi yovuta ku Indonesia. Anakhazikika pafupi. Java, Bali, Madura, Lombok, Flores.
Nungu yaku Malay imakhalanso yayikulu kwambiri. Thupi la nyamayi ndilotalika masentimita 60 mpaka 73. Kulemera kwake kumatha kupitirira makilogalamu 20. Malo ake okhazikika ndi India, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Vietnam. Amapezeka ku Singapore, Borneo ndi Sumatra. Miphika ndi yolimba, yayifupi, yofiirira. Singano ndizakuda ndi zoyera ndi chikasu; chivundikiro chaubweya chimawoneka pakati pawo.
Nungu yaku India sikuti imangokhala India, komanso mayiko a Asia, Transcaucasia, ndipo imapezeka ku Kazakhstan. Kukula kwake kuli kocheperako poyerekeza ndi zam'mbuyomu, kulemera kwake sikupitilira 15 kg. Nunguzi sizimangokhala m'nkhalango ndi m'mapiri okha, komanso m'chipululu, ngakhale m'zipululu.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Nungu yanyama
Zosangalatsa zakunja kwa mbewa iyi ndi mtundu wake zimadalira dera lomwe limakhala kosatha. Chifukwa cha mtundu wake, ndiwokhoza kwambiri podzibisa, kusintha maluso osiyanasiyana.
Mtundu wa nyama iyi ukhoza kukhala:
- bulauni;
- imvi;
- zoyera (nthawi zina).
Mukayang'ana nungu, mudzawona kuti mawonekedwe ake akuwoneka osavuta komanso aulesi. Amawoneka wamphamvu, miyendo yake ndi yayikulu mokwanira, koma yayifupi. Nunguyo imayima molimba mtima komanso molimba mtima, ikufalikira, ngati munthu weniweni. Poyerekeza mawonekedwe ake, simungakhulupirire nthawi yomweyo kuti nyamayi imathamanga kwambiri, kwinaku ikuponda mwamphamvu ndikungoyenda pang'ono mbali ndi mbali, ngati chimbalangondo chofiirira.
Zolemba za nkhumba sizongokhala zakunja kwa nyamayi, kuzipangitsa kukhala zapadera, zokongola komanso zokopa chidwi. Amakhala oteteza mosatopa ndi moyo wankhanza. Pali umboni kuti thupi la nunguyo limakwirira singano zoposa 30,000, ndikupanga zida zosagonjetseka kwa onse omwe akufuna. Kutalika kwawo kumakhala masentimita 8, palinso nthawi yayitali, mkati mwake mulibe kanthu, amafanana ndi kuyandama kwa nthenga za tsekwe.
Iliyonse ya nthengazi ili ndi msonga yababa, yolumikizidwa yomwe imaluma mdani. Ndizovuta komanso zopweteka kutulutsa mkondo wotere; ndimagwedegwede ndikuyenda mwamphamvu, imakumba ndikuzama. Kwenikweni palokha, singano zake zazitali sizimayambitsa vuto lililonse. Ndiyamika kwa iwo, iye amasambira mwangwiro ndi mwaluso kupitiriza madzi. Chifukwa chake, amakhala ngati chingwe, mofananira komanso mophiphiritsa.
Kuphatikiza pa singano, thupi la nunguyo limakutidwa ndi chovala chamkati chofunda komanso tsitsi lalitali loteteza. Chovalacho nthawi zambiri chimakhala chamdima, chimakhala ngati jekete yoluka, ndipo tsitsi loyang'anira, lalitali komanso lolimba, limateteza.
Zatchulidwa kale kuti mawondo a makoswewa ndi ochepa, ochepa, olimba. Nunguyo ili ndi zala zinayi kumiyendo yakutsogolo ndi zala zisanu kumapazi ake akumbuyo. Amakhala ndi zikhadabo zamphamvu zakuthwa, zomwe zimathandiza osati kokha kupeza chakudya, kukoka pansi, koma mothandizidwa ndi zikhadabo nkhuku imakwera mitengo modabwitsa, yomwe, ndi mawonekedwe ake komanso kusakhazikika kwake, imangodabwitsa.
Mphuno ya nkhuku ndi yosalala, yozungulira kutsogolo. Ndi yopanda zingwe, yokutidwa ndi tsitsi lakuda. Maso ndi ochepa komanso ozungulira, makutu nawonso ndi ang'ono, ndizovuta kuwawona. Mano a nungu, monga makina opangira matabwa, amakonzanso matabwa kosatha. Ma incisors anayi akuthwa omwe amakhala kutsogolo amakula moyo wonse, chifukwa chake simungathe kuwagaya, izi zitha kubweretsa imfa. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, kuchokera kumitengo, mano a nungu amasanduka achikasu-lalanje.
Kodi nungu amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Nkhuku ndi singano
Makoswe amtundu wafalikira kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Zachidziwikire, amasiyana kukula, mtundu, ndi machitidwe, zonsezi ndi malo okhala. Nguluwe amakhala kumwera kwa Europe (Italy, Sicily), amapezeka ku Asia Minor, amapezeka pafupifupi kulikonse ku Middle East, Iran, Iraq komanso kum'mawa chakumwera kwa China.
Amakhala pafupifupi dera lonse la India komanso chilumba cha Ceylon, amakhala m'malo ena akumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia. Nkhunda zasankha kontinenti ya Africa komanso America (Kumpoto ndi Kummwera). Zofanana ndi singano ndizofala kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Arabia Peninsula.
Ponena za madera omwe kale anali Soviet Union, apa nungu adalembetsedwa kumwera chakumwera kwa Central Asia ndi Transcaucasia. Pomwe chiwerengerochi chimakhala chokhazikika, ngakhale pali zina zomwe zikufuna kuchepetsa, koma iyi ndi nambala yochepa kwambiri.
Kodi nungu amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Nungu waku India
Nungu nthawi zambiri imakonda zakudya zamasamba. Nthawi zina, munthawi ya njala, imatha kudya tizilombo tating'onoting'ono komanso abuluzi. Nungu amadyetsa mizu yosiyanasiyana yazomera, amakonda hawthorn ndikunyamuka m'chiuno, amadya zipatso zamasamba ndi zamasamba zamtundu uliwonse, komanso, makungwa ndi nthambi zamitengo yosiyanasiyana. Nunguyo imakonda mavwende ndi mphonda zosiyanasiyana. Amakonda makamaka maungu, mbatata ndi nkhaka, zomwe nthawi zambiri amaba m'minda. Kudya dzungu lowutsa mudyo, atha kung'ung'udza ndi chisangalalo. Osadandaula ndikudya mphesa, maapulo, mapeyala.
Kumene kumakhala nungu, anthu sasangalala ndi ankhanza oterewa ndipo amawaona ngati tizirombo ta minda yawo yolimidwa. Kuphatikiza pa kuti nkhuku imaba nkhaka, maungu kuchokera pamabedi, kukumba mu tubers wa mbatata ndi mbewu zina, imawononga nkhalango.
Chowonadi ndi chakuti nyama izi sizingachite popanda kudya khungwa la mitengo. Iwo samangomudya iye, komanso amapera incisors awo, apo ayi mano adzafika kukula kwakukulu, ndiye kuti nungu sadzatha kutafuna, kudya ndipo adzafa ndi njala. Mosavuta, odyera pamitengo yayikuluyi amakhala ndi minga pachimake ndi nthambi iliyonse, pomwe chakudya chawo chimayambira. Akuti m'nyengo yachisanu, nungu mmodzi yekha amatha kupha pafupifupi mitengo zana. Ngati mungaganizire mozama, atha kuwononga nkhalango.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Nkhuku m'chilengedwe
Nunguyo imakonda kukhazikika m'mapiri ndi zigwa zomwe zili pansi pamapazi ake. Amakonda nkhalango, amayenda malo okongola pafupi ndi minda yolimidwa, yomwe imapezeka kwambiri m'malo am'chipululu. Kutengera ndi malo omwe akukhalamo, amakhala m'mapanga, pakati pamiyala, m'mapanga. Nthaka ikakhala yofewa, mbozi imakumba maenje omwe amatsika mpaka 4 mita, imakhala yayitali, yokongola komanso yokhala ndi zotuluka zingapo.
M'mabowo muli malo angapo osangalatsa, okhala ndi udzu wobiriwira. Mbewa yamtunduwu sichitha konse malo okhala anthu, koma, m'malo mwake, imakhazikika pafupi ndi midzi ndi midzi, komwe imalanda zokolola. Ngakhale mpanda wa waya wozungulira mundawo ulibe chotchinga nkhuku. Mano ake amatha kudula mosavuta waya - ndipo mseu ndi wotseguka!
Pofunafuna zodyedwa, nunguyo amayenda kutada, ndipo masana amakhala mwakachetechete m'dzenje lake. M'nyengo yozizira, mbewa izi sizimangokhala tulo tokha, koma ntchito yake imachepa kwambiri, imayesa, popanda chifukwa chomveka, kuti isapitirire pogona pake. M'nyengo yotentha, amatha kuyenda makilomita angapo usiku kuti akapeze chakudya chokoma. Akatswiri odziŵa zachilengedwe amatha kuona msangamsanga nkhuku zomwe amazipondaponda.
Awa ndi nungu, onyentchera ndi akuba, okonzeka kuchita cholakwa kuti apeze mwayi wodya zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zomwe amakonda. Kupanda kutero, nyamazi zimakhala ndi bata, zimawopa pang'ono, iwowo siopezerera anzawo. Amakonda kusalumikizana ndi nyama zina. Nkhunda sizidalira ndipo nthawi zambiri zimawona zoopsa ngakhale pomwe sizili, zimayamba kuwopseza ndi singano zawo, kuzifalitsa ngati mchira wa nkhanga. Nunguwe nthawi zambiri imalakwitsa magalimoto ngati adani akuyenda, nyamayo imayamba kuwawopseza ndi nthenga zake, osazindikira kuti imatha kufa pansi pamawilo, zomwe zimachitika nthawi zambiri.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Cubcupine Cub
Mitundu ya nungu imakhala mosiyanasiyana. Nkhunda zina zimakhala zokhazokha (zaku Britain-tailed), zimapeza theka lachiwiri kwa moyo wawo wonse. Mtundu uwu wa nungu sukukonda kusungulumwa, umakhala m'mapanga awo ndikubowolera mabanja. Nungu wankhuku, koma, amakhala nthawi yotalikirana ndipo amalumikizana ndi yaikazi kwakanthawi kokhazikika. Nungu izi sizimakonda kulumikizana, zimayesetsa kukhala mosadalirana.
M'madera okhala ndi nyengo zoopsa kwambiri, nyengo yokometsera nkhuku imayamba mu Marichi. Kumene kumatentha chaka chonse, palibe nthawi yapadera yokwatirana, ndipo ana amatha kupangidwa katatu pachaka. Mitundu ina ya nungu imakhala ndi mwambo wosangalatsa wosakanirana. Akazi amatcha anzawo omwe ali ndi mfuu yapadera, ndipo amuna amawopsyeza ochita nawo mpikisano ndikulira kwawo.
Nthawi zambiri pamakhala nkhondo kwa mayiyo. Anthu okwera pamahatchiwo amavinanso magule osangalatsa kuti azindikiridwe. Ndi wolimba mtima kwambiri komanso wochenjera amapeza wosankhidwa wake. Ndizosangalatsa kuti kunja ndikosatheka kusiyanitsa wamkazi ndi wamwamuna, onse ndi ofanana.
Mkazi amabereka ana kuyambira masiku 110 mpaka 115. Nthawi zambiri amabadwa - awiri kapena atatu, nthawi zina asanu amabadwa. Ana amawoneka kale ndi mano, amawona mwangwiro, koma poyamba samakhala ndi masingano, amabadwa opanda madzi. Pakadutsa masiku ochepa, minga imayamba kuuma ndipo pakutha sabata yoyamba ya moyo imakhala yolimba.
Mayi amadyetsa anawo ndi mkaka wake kwa milungu iwiri yokha. Nkhuku ubwana umadutsa mwachangu, patatha mwezi umodzi atabadwa, amakula. Ana amakhala ndi amayi awo mpaka atakwanitsa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, kenako amayamba kukhala moyo wodziyimira pawokha komanso kudziyimira pawokha. Ndipo nungu amakhala ndi moyo wokwanira, makamaka malinga ndi mbewa, mpaka zaka 20.
Adani achilengedwe a nungu
Chithunzi: Nkhumba Yotchedwa Crest
Nkhunda zilibe mdani kuthengo. Izi zonse chifukwa cha singano zawo zazitali komanso zowopsa za nyama. Pali chinyengo china kotero kuti mbewa iyi imawombera ngati mivi kuchokera uta, pali poizoni kumapeto kwa mivi iyi. Awa ndi malingaliro olakwika kwathunthu, nkhuku siziwombera ndi singano zake, iwowo ndi opepuka ndipo amagwa msanga, ngakhale atangogwedeza mchira wawo. Sipangakhale poizoni pa singano. Pali fumbi lokhalo, nthaka ndi dothi, ndichifukwa chake mabala a nyama, otsalira kuchokera ku singano za nungu, amapweteka kwanthawi yayitali.
Powona munthu wosagwirizana naye, nunguyo poyamba amachenjeza munthu amene wamulakwirayo pomuponda m'manja, ndi kumakuwa mwamphamvu. Singano za makoswe zimakwera, zimadina, kusinthana ndikukhudzana. Mdani akapanda kubwerera m'mbuyo, nunguyo amathamangira kwa iye ndikuluma m'thupi lake ndi singano zake zazitali. Ngakhale nyama zolusa zazikulu monga mkango wa ku Asiya, kambuku wamtambo, kambuku wa ku Bengal amayesa kudutsa nungu, chifukwa chilichonse choyendetsa mosalakwa chimatha kulakwitsa kuti chiziwombedwa ndi nungu.
Wovulazidwa ndi nkhwangwa, nyama zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, zilombo zazikulu zazikulu sizimatha kusaka nyama zamtchire ndipo anjala amabwera kwa anthu, kuwazunza kapena kuweta ziweto zawo. Nayi nkhono yosangalatsa kwambiri. Iyenso amachita mantha ndikuopa aliyense, ndipo aliyense amayesetsa kuti asamusokoneze!
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Nungu yanyama
Nkhunda munthawi imeneyi sizili pachiwopsezo. Zowononga sizimawazungulira, anthu samasaka mwamphamvu. M'madera ena, munthu amapha nungu chifukwa cha singano zake, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zokongoletsa zosiyanasiyana. M'mbuyomu, makoswewa ankasakidwa nyama yawo, yomwe imakoma ngati nyama ya kalulu, koma pano siyofalikira. Komanso, m'mbuyomu, makoswewa adawonongedwa ngati tizirombo ta m'minda, minda ndi minda yamasamba. Tsopano alipo ochepa ndipo sakuyimira chiwopsezo chachikulu ku mbewu.
Kuchuluka kwa nungu kudatsika chifukwa chakuchepa kwa malo awo okhala chifukwa cha ntchito za anthu. Komabe, kuchepa uku sikokulirapo, chifukwa chake, banja la nungu silili pachiwopsezo konse, silidzatha pankhope yathu. Malinga ndi International Red Data Book, mitundu yawo ili pachiwopsezo chochepa, idapatsidwa gawo lowopsa kwambiri. Mwanjira ina, palibe mantha kuti nkhuku zilipo.
Nungu Ndi nyama yodabwitsa. Palinso nthano zonena za singano zake. Chifukwa cha iwo, iye si wokongola komanso wachilendo, komanso wosavomerezeka. Malinga ndi chidziwitso chakunja, ndizovuta kunena kuti nungu ndi mbewa, chifukwa ndi yayikulu kukula. Chodabwitsa chokhudza kukhalapo kwake chagona pa kuti nungu ndi wamanyazi kwambiri, wofatsa komanso wamantha, koma ngakhale nyama zolusa zazikulu kwambiri, kuphatikiza mfumu ya zilombo, zimamuopa ndipo zimakonda kuzipewa!
Tsiku lofalitsa: 07.02.2019
Idasinthidwa: 16.09.2019 pa 16:18
