Crane waku Japan chakhala chikudziwika kwa ana ndi akulu kuyambira nthawi zakale. Pali nthano zambiri zonena za iye. Chithunzi cha mbalameyi nthawi zonse chimakopa chidwi cha anthu chifukwa cha chisomo chake, kukongola kwake komanso njira yamoyo. Kulira kosazolowereka kwama cranes aku Japan, komwe kumasintha kutengera momwe zinthu zilili, kumakopanso chidwi. Mbalame zimatha kuimba limodzi, zomwe zimachitika kwa okwatirana ndipo zimawonetsa kusankha koyenera kwa bwenzi, komanso kukuwa mokweza komanso modzidzimutsa pakagwa ngozi.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Crane yaku Japan
Crane yaku Japan (Grus japonensis) ili ndi mayina ena awiri - Manchu, Ussuri crane. Iyi ndi mbalame yochokera kubanja la Cranes, lomwe limakhala ku Japan komanso ku Far East. Crane yaku Japan ndi mbalame yayikulu kwambiri, yolimba yomwe imatha kutalika kwa 1.5 m, mpaka 2.5 m m'mapiko a mapiko ndikulemera mpaka 10 kg.
Kanema: Crane yaku Japan
Nthenga za cranes nthawi zambiri zimakhala zoyera. Nthenga zokhala pakhosi ndizopaka utoto wakuda. Pamapiko ake pali nthenga zakuda zotsutsana ndi nthenga zoyera. Miyendo ya crane yaku Japan ndiyochepa, koma yayitali, yosinthidwa bwino kuti izitha kuyenda m'madambo ndi nthaka yamatope.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Pamutu pa akulu, pali mtundu wa kapu - malo ochepa opanda nthenga okhala ndi khungu lofiira, lomwe limakhala maroon nthawi yozizira komanso nthawi youluka.
Amuna a cranes amakhala okulirapo pang'ono kuposa akazi ndipo ndipamene kusiyana konse pakati pawo kumatha. Anapiye a cranes aku Japan amaphimbidwa ndi wandiweyani komanso wamfupi mdima. Pansi pamapiko ndi opepuka kwambiri. Kusungunuka kwa nyama zazing'ono kumayamba mu Ogasiti ndipo kumatenga pafupifupi chaka.
Ana akuluakulu a mbalamezi omwe afota amasiyana ndi achikulire. Mwachitsanzo, mutu wonse wa anapiye waphimbidwa ndi nthenga, ndipo nthenga zonsezo zili ndi utoto wofiirira. Kukula kwa nthenga za crane yaku Japan, ndikukula kwambiri.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Momwe crane waku Japan amawonekera
Crane yaku Japan ndi imodzi mwazikulu kwambiri m'banja lawo. Iyi ndi mbalame yayikulu, yamphamvu komanso yokongola kwambiri, yayitali mita imodzi ndi theka. Chodziwikiratu kwambiri cha crane waku Japan kuchokera ku mitundu ina ndi nthenga zake zoyera ngati chipale chofewa zomwe nthawi zina zimakhala ndi nthenga zakuda pamutu pake, pakhosi ndi mapiko.
Chinthu china chosiyanitsa ndichoti kuyambira kumaso mpaka kumbuyo kwa mutu ndikupitilira m'khosi pali mzere wamtundu woyera, mosiyana kwambiri ndi nthenga zakuda pakhosi ndi diso lakuda lakuda la maso.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Cranes aku Japan amadziwika kuti ndi oyera kwambiri pakati pa mbalame, chifukwa amathera nthawi yawo yonse yopuma kudzisamalira komanso nthenga zawo.
Miyendo ya cranes ndi yopyapyala, yokwera kwambiri, yokhala ndi khungu lakuda. Kudalirika kwa kugonana mu mbalamezi sikunatchulidwe konse - amuna amasiyana ndi akazi kokha kukula kwakukulu.
Makanema achichepere achi Japan kunja kwake ndi osiyana ndi achikulire. Akangotuluka, anapiyewo amakhala okutidwa ndi ofiira kapena ofiira pansi, patatha chaka chimodzi (pambuyo pa kusungunula koyamba) nthenga zawo zimakhala zosakanikirana ndi mawu ofiira, ofiira, abulauni ndi oyera. Chaka chotsatira, ma cranes achichepere amafanana ndi cranes achikulire, koma mitu yawo idakutidwabe ndi nthenga.
Kodi Crane waku Japan amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Crane waku Japan ku Russia
Mitundu ya mbalame zotchedwa cranes zaku Japan imakhudza China, Japan ndi madera akutali a Russia. Pazonse, ma crane aku Japan amakhala mdera lamakilomita 84,000.
Kutengera ndikuwona kwakanthawi, akatswiri azakuthambo amasiyanitsa magulu awiri azambiri zaku Japan:
- chilumba;
- kumtunda.
Kuchuluka kwa mbalame zomwe zimakhala pachilumba chakummwera kwa zilumba za Kuril (Russia) komanso chilumba cha Hokkaido (Japan). Malowa amadziwika ndi nyengo yabwino, chakudya chochuluka, motero ma cranes amakhala pano nthawi zonse ndipo samauluka kwina kulikonse m'nyengo yozizira.
Cranes ambiri okhala kumadera akutali a Russia, ku China (madera omwe ali m'malire ndi Mongolia). Pofika nyengo yozizira, mbalame zomwe zimakhala pano zimasunthira pakatikati pa Peninsula ya Korea kapena kumwera kwa China, ndipo kukayamba masika amabwerera kumalo awo okhala ndi zisa.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Cranes aku Japan, omwe amakhala mdziko la Zhalong (China), amadziwika kuti ndianthu osiyana. Chifukwa cha kutetezedwa kwa gawoli, zinthu zabwino zapangidwa kwa iwo.
Popeza mbalamezi sizilekerera anthu kukhalapo, zimasankha madambo onyowa, madambo ndi madambo okhala ndi mitsinje ikuluikulu komanso yaying'ono kutali ndi komwe amakhala.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe crane waku Japan amakhala. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe amadya.
Kodi crane waku Japan amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Gule yaku Crane yaku Japan
Cranes ku Japan ndi odzichepetsa kwambiri pachakudya, amatha kudya zakudya zamasamba ndi nyama, ndiye kuti, chilichonse chomwe chingapezeke.
Menyu yazomera:
- ndere ndi zomera zina zam'madzi;
- mphukira zazing'ono za mpunga;
- mizu;
- ziphuphu;
- Mbewu zambewu.
Zosankha Zanyama:
- nsomba zapakatikati (carp);
- Nkhono;
- achule;
- nkhanu;
- tizilombo tating'onoting'ono (abuluzi);
- mbalame zazing'ono zam'madzi;
- tizilombo tambiri (agulugufe).
Cranes amathanso kusaka makoswe ang'onoang'ono ndikuwononga zisa za mbalame zam'madzi. Cranes zaku Japan zimadyedwa m'mawa kwambiri kapena masana. Pofunafuna zolengedwa zosiyanasiyana, iwo nthawi ndi nthawi amayenda m'madzi osaya mutu wawo utatsitsidwa ndikuyang'anitsitsa nyama. Podikirira, kireni imatha kuyima nthawi yayitali. Mwachitsanzo, mbalame ikawona chinthu choyenera muudzu, chule, imachinyamula mwachangu ndi mkombero wake, ndikuchapa m'madzi kwakanthawi, kenako nkumeza.
Zakudya za nyama zazing'ono zimakhala ndi tizilombo tambiri tambiri, mbozi ndi mbozi. Mapuloteni ambiri omwe ali nawo amalola anapiye kukula ndikukula msanga kwambiri. Chakudya cholemera komanso chosiyanasiyana chimalola anapiye kukula msanga, kukula ndipo munthawi yochepa (miyezi 3-4) amafikira kukula kwa achikulire. M'badwo uno, ma cranes achichepere amatha kale kuyenda maulendo ataliatali.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Crane waku Japan akuthawa
Ma cranes aku Japan amakhala otakataka kwambiri theka loyamba la tsikulo. Mbalame zimasonkhana m'magulu akulu m'malo momwe zimatha kudzipezera chakudya (madera otsetsereka ndi mitsinje yamadzi osefukira, madambo, madambo onyowa), chakudya chokwanira. Pofika usiku, ma cranes amagona. Amagona ataimirira m'madzi mwendo umodzi.
M'nyengo yokomana, ma cranes amagawa malowa m'malo ang'onoang'ono omwe ndi apabanja osiyana. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, banja lililonse limateteza mwakhama malo awo ndipo sililola maanja ena kulowa mdera lawo. Ndi kuyamba kwa nthawi yophukira, ikafika nthawi yowuluka chakumwera, ndichizolowezi kuti zitsamba zikuluzikulu zikhamire m'magulu.
Chosangalatsa: Moyo wa cranes waku Japan uli ndi miyambo yambiri yomwe imabwerezedwa mobwerezabwereza kutengera momwe moyo uliri.
Oyang'anira mbalame amatcha miyamboyi kuvina. Zimayimira mayendedwe ndi mayendedwe. Magule amachitika mutadyetsa, musanagone, panthawi yopalana chibwenzi, nthawi yozizira. Zinthu zazikulu pakuvina kwama crane ndi mauta, kulumpha, kutembenuka kwa thupi ndi mutu, kuponyera nthambi ndi udzu ndi mulomo.
Oyang'anira mbalame amakhulupirira kuti kusunthaku kumawonetsa kusangalala kwa mbalamezo, kumathandizira kupanga mabanja atsopano, komanso kukonza ubale pakati pa oimira mibadwo yosiyana. Chakumayambiriro kwa nyengo yozizira, anthu okhala kumtunda akuyendayenda chakumwera. Cranes zimauluka kupita kumadera ofunda mumapangidwe okwera pafupifupi 1.5 km pamwamba pa nthaka, kutsatira zomangirira zabwino. Pakhoza kukhala kupumula kangapo komanso kudyetsa paulendowu.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Crane yaku Japan
Cranes a Manchu amafika pofika zaka 3-4. Mbalame zimapanga maanja osakwatirana omwe sathetsa moyo wawo wonse. Cranes amabwerera kumalo awo okhazikika nthawi zonse: pomwe zoyambazo zimangoyambira.
Nthawi yoberekera ma cranes aku Japan nthawi zambiri imayamba ndi nyimbo yamwambo, yomwe imasewera ndi yamphongo. Amayimba mokweza (hums), ndikuponya mutu wake kumbuyo. Pakapita nthawi, mkazi amalowa nawo wamwamuna. Amayesa kubwereza mawu omwe mnzake wapanga. Kenako kuvina kokomerana kumayambira, komwe kumakhala ma pirouette angapo, kulumpha, kukupiza mapiko, mauta.
Chosangalatsa: Magule osakwatirana a crane yaku Japan ndi ovuta kwambiri pakati pa mamembala onse am'banja la Cranes. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti mbalame zazikulu ndi zazing'ono zimatenga nawo gawo, ngati kuti zikuchita maluso onse oyenera.
Cranes awiri amayamba kumanga chisa chawo mu Marichi - Epulo, ndipo ndi wamkazi yekha amene amasankha malo ake. Malo okhala zisa nthawi zambiri amakhala nkhalango zowirira zam'madzi zowoneka bwino, kukhalapo kwa gwero lapafupi la madzi komanso kusapezeka konse kwa anthu. Dera lokhala ndi gulu limodzi limatha kukhala losiyana - 10 sq. km., ndipo mtunda wapakati pa zisa umasiyanasiyana mkati mwa 2-4 km. Chisa cha cranes chimamangidwa ndi udzu, bango ndi zomera zina zam'madzi. Ili ndi mawonekedwe owulungika, osalala, mpaka 1.2 mita kutalika, mpaka 1 mita mulifupi, mpaka 0.5 mita kuya.
Pazitsulo zama cranes, nthawi zambiri pamakhala mazira awiri, pomwe maanja achichepere amakhala ndi amodzi okha. Onse amakhala ndi mazira, ndipo pakatha pafupifupi mwezi wathunthu, anapiyewo amaswa. Masiku angapo atabadwa, anapiyewo amatha kuyenda kale ndi makolo awo omwe akufunafuna chakudya. Usiku wozizira, makolo amatenthetsa ana awo pansi pa mapiko awo. Kusamalira - kudyetsa, kutentha, kumatha pafupifupi miyezi 3-4, kenako anapiye amakhala odziyimira pawokha.
Adani achilengedwe a cranes aku Japan
Chithunzi: Crane waku Japan wochokera ku Red Book
Ma crane aku Japan amadziwika kuti ndi mbalame zosamala kwambiri. Pachifukwa ichi, komanso chifukwa cha kukula kwake kwakukulu, alibe adani achilengedwe ambiri. Pokhala ndi malo okhala kwambiri, mbalamezi zilinso ndi adani osiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, kumtunda, nkhandwe, nkhandwe ndi zimbalangondo nthawi zina zimatha kuzisaka. Nthawi zina anapiye omwe aswedwa kumene amaphedwa ndi mimbulu ndi nyama zazikulu zowuluka (ziwombankhanga, ziwombankhanga zagolide). Komabe, chifukwa ma crane amateteza kwambiri komanso kuteteza ana awo mozama komanso moyenera, nyama zolusa nthawi zambiri zimachoka opanda kalikonse.
Nyama kapena munthu atayandikira chisa mwadzidzidzi kuposa 200 m, ma cranes amayesa kupatutsa chidwi, pang'onopang'ono kuchoka pachisa ndi 15-20 m ndikudikirira, ndikusunthiranso kwina. Nthawi zambiri, njira zosokoneza zimagwira ntchito bwino. Makolo amabwerera kwawo pokhapokha atatsimikiza kwathunthu kuti chisa chawo ndi ana awo salinso pachiwopsezo.
Pazilumbazi, zikondamoyo za Manchu ndizotetezeka kuposa kumtunda. Zowonadi, kuchuluka kwa nyama zolusa kuzilumbazi ndizochepa ndipo pali chakudya chokwanira kwa iwo monga makoswe ang'onoang'ono komanso mbalame zazing'ono, zomwe ndizosavuta kuzisaka.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Crane yaku Japan
Crane yaku Japan amawerengedwa kuti ndi mtundu wawung'ono kwambiri, wokhala pangozi. Chifukwa cha izi ndikuchepa kwakukulu kwa malo omwe sanakonzedwe, kufulumira kwa nthaka yaulimi, kumanga madamu pamitsinje yayikulu ndi yaying'ono. Chifukwa cha izi, mbalame zimangokhala kuti zilibe kodyera komanso zisa. Chifukwa china chomwe chidatsala pang'ono kuthetseratu mbalame zokongola izi ndi zaka zana zapitazo ku Japan kusaka cranes chifukwa cha nthenga zawo. Mwamwayi, anthu aku Japan ndi dziko lomwe limazindikira, chifukwa chake kupululutsa kumeneku kwatha kale ndipo kuchuluka kwa cranes ku Japan, ngakhale pang'ono pang'ono, kudayamba kukula.
Masiku ano, anthu aku Crane yaku Japan ali pafupifupi anthu zikwi 2.2 ndipo adatchulidwa mu International Red Book ndi Red Book of Russia. Chifukwa cha izi, kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 20, chifukwa chakukula kwa mitundu yazilumba pachilumba cha Hokkaido (Japan), ma cranes adayamba kusunthira pang'onopang'ono kukakhala pazilumba zoyandikana - Kunashir, Sakhalin, Habomai (Russia).
Komabe, sizoyipa zonse. Zidapezeka kuti ma cranes aku Japan amaberekanso mu ukapolo, chifukwa chake, ntchito yolimbikira ikuchitika kuti abwezeretse kuchuluka kwawo pakupanga anthu.
Zosangalatsa: Anapiye omwe adaleredwa mndende ndikutulutsidwa kumalo awo okhazikika amakhala omasuka kwambiri zakupezeka kwa anthu. Pachifukwachi, zimatha kukhala ndi kubzala kumene mbalame zakutchire sizikukhala.
Kusunga ma Cranes achi Japan
Chithunzi: Cranes aku Japan ochokera ku Red Book
Popeza crane waku Japan amafunikira malo okhala apadera, amtchire komanso opanda anthu, mtundu uwu umavutika ndi chitukuko cha mafakitale ndi ulimi. Kupatula apo, malo ambiri omwe mbalame zam'mbuyomu zidakhala chete komanso omasuka tsopano akudziwika ndi anthu. Izi pamapeto pake zimabweretsa kusatheka kwa ana obereketsa, kulephera kupeza chakudya chokwanira, ndipo chifukwa chake, kuchepa kwakukulu kwa cranes.
Zatsimikiziridwa kuti m'zaka zonse za zana la 20, kuchuluka kwa zikwakwa za Manchu zakhala zikuchulukirachulukira kapena kuchepa, koma akatswiri odziwa zamankhwala amakhulupirira kuti zidafika pachimake pa nthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse. Inde, nkhanza zomwe zikuchitika m'malo amenewa zidasokoneza bata mbalame. Cranes anali ndi mantha ndi zomwe zinali kuchitika ndikusokonezeka kwathunthu. Pachifukwa ichi, ambiri aiwo sanakhazikike kwa zaka zingapo ndipo amabala ana. Khalidweli limabwera chifukwa cha kupsinjika komwe kumachitika.
Palinso ngozi ina yomwe ingakhale pachiwopsezo kwa anthu achi crane aku Japan - kuthekera kwa nkhondo pakati pa ma Koreya awiri - Kumpoto ndi Kummwera, zomwe zitha kusokeretsanso kuchuluka kwa magalasi, ofanana ndi Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse.
Crane waku Japan M'mayiko aku Asia amadziwika kuti ndi mbalame yopatulika komanso chizindikiro chachikulu cha chikondi ndi chisangalalo m'banja. Kupatula apo, awiriawiri a mbalamezi amalemekezana kwambiri, komanso amakhala okhulupirika kwa anzawo moyo wawo wonse. Pali chikhulupiriro chodziwika bwino pakati pa anthu aku Japan: ngati mungapangire zikwangwani zikwi chikwi ndi manja anu, ndiye kuti zomwe mumazikonda kwambiri zidzakwaniritsidwa.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 28.07.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 09/30/2019 pa 21:23
