Padziko lonse lapansi, kudera lomwe likukula la nkhalango zowirira kapena zouma, mungapeze nyama zazing'ono zachilendo zomwe zimauluka mwaluso popanda mapiko. Izi makoswe ang'onoang'ono amatchedwa mapuloteni akuuluka, kapena gologolo wowuluka... Chodziwika bwino cha nyama izi ndikuti zimauluka pamtengo kupita pamtengo wina pogwiritsa ntchito nembanemba yayikulu, yomwe ili pakati pa miyendo yakumbuyo ndi yakutsogolo.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Gologolo wouluka
Nyama zouluka kapena agologolo omwe akuuluka ndi zolengedwa zodabwitsa kwambiri zomwe sizitsatira malamulo a mphamvu yokoka.
Pali mitundu yambiri ya nyama izi:
- agologolo oyenda osavuta;
- mapiko aubweya;
- agologolo agulugufe;
- kutuluka.
Awa ndi mabanja osiyanasiyana omwe ali ndi makolo wamba. Mbadwa zawo zidayamba zaka zopitilira 150 miliyoni zapitazo. Zoonadi zimatsimikiziridwa ndi zomwe zapezedwa, zomwe zaposa zaka 150 miliyoni, zidapezeka ku China. Zolengedwa zakale zouluka zimatha kuyenda pamwamba pa mitengo yoyandikana mofanana ndi agologolo amakono oyenda.
Kanema: Gologolo Wouluka
Nyama zazikulu kwambiri zouluka zimatchedwa Maiopatagium furculiferum. Zinali zofanana ndi gologolo wamakono waku North America, wotalika pafupifupi 23 cm, ndipo kulemera kwake kumatha kufikira magalamu 170. Nyama zazing'ono zimatchedwa Vilevolodon. Mitundu yonse iwiri inali ndi miyendo yayitali, yosinthasintha, zikhadabo zakuthwa, ndi nembanemba zomwe zimawathandiza kukwera mwachangu nthambi zamitengo ndikuuluka pamwamba kwambiri.
Nyama zakale zimatha kuyenda maulendo ataliatali mlengalenga - mpaka 30 mita. Izi zidapatsa nyamazi chiwongolero chachikulu, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zizithawa adani komanso mwayi wopulumuka.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Nyama ya gologolo yomwe ikuuluka
Agologolo otchedwa flying opossum, koma amafanana kwambiri ndi agologolo.
Zizindikiro za agologolo oyenda ndi awa:
- khola lalikulu pakati pa nsana ndi miyendo yakutsogolo;
- wandiweyani komanso ubweya wa silky;
- maso owoneka bwino.
Nyama izi ndizochepa kwambiri. Sakula kuposa 20-22 cm, limodzi ndi mchira wautali. Nthawi zambiri amuna amakhala okulirapo pang'ono komanso olimba kuposa akazi. Maso osazolowereka, owoneka bwino, ozungulira komanso akulu a nyama amalola kuti iziyenda bwino usana kapena usiku, ndipo zikhadabo zakuthwa zimapangitsa kuti ziziyenda momasuka m'nthambi ndi korona wamitengo.
Nyamayo ili ndi mutu waung'ono wozungulira, maso akulu akuda. Miyendo yakumbuyo ndi yayikulu, yokhala ndi zikhadabo zakuthwa, zopindika. Ubweya wa gologoloyo ndi wofewa kwambiri, wosalala komanso wonyezimira. Mtundu umasintha malinga ndi nyengo. M'chilimwe, agologolo amakhala ndi mtundu wofiira pang'ono, ndipo nthawi yozizira amakhala oyera. Izi zimalola kuti nyamazi zizidzibisa mosavuta komanso kuti zisawoneke kuzilombo zozungulira kapena zankhanza, zomwe zimatsogolera moyo wokangalika.
Kodi gologolo wouluka amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Gologolo wouluka ku Moscow
Agologolo othamanga amapezeka m'chilengedwe pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi.
Amapezeka:
- kumayiko osiyanasiyana: ku Russia, America, Europe;
- m'maiko osiyanasiyana: Mongolia, Korea, China, ndi zina.;
- pazilumba zazikulu ndi zazing'ono: ku Japan, Sakhalin, zilumba za Kuril.
Nyama zimakonda kukhala m'malo obirira bwino kapena m'nkhalango zowirira. Maenje akale amitengo kapena zisa za mbalame zosiyidwa nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyumba zawo. Utoto wofiyira umathandizira kubisala bwino kwa chinyama, kuphatikiza ndi birch kapena khungwa la alder.
M'dera la Russia, pali mitundu yoposa 10 ya agologolo oyenda, omwe ali ndi zovuta zazing'ono pakati pawo:
- Siberia ndi Anadyr;
- Semipalatinsk ndi Yakut;
- Ussuri ndi Sakhalin.
Mitundu yamtunduwu imasiyana pakutha kwawo nyengo yachisanu ndikusinthasintha kutentha. Mitundu ya Yakut ndi Anadyr imakhala ndi ubweya wawutali komanso wokulirapo, womwe umawalola kuti azitha kutentha kutentha kwambiri.
Mitundu yambiri ya agologolo oyenda imalembedwa mu Red Book ndipo amatetezedwa ndi malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi kuti asaphedwe ndikuwonongedwa kwathunthu ndi omwe amazemba nyama. M'mayiko ambiri, agologolo amalipidwa chindapusa chambiri. Koma ngakhale zilango ndi zoletsa zonse, agologolo ndi nyama yosavuta kwa osaka nyama omwe amawawononga chifukwa cha ubweya wawo wokongola.
Kodi gologolo wouluka amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Mbalame Yofiira yofiira
Zakudya za nyama mwachindunji zimadalira chilengedwe chake. Chakudya chachikulu ndi masamba amitengo, khungwa laling'ono, singano, mbewu za ma conifers kapena ma cones, omwe nyama imayika. M'nkhalango yowirira, gologoloyo amapeza zipatso kapena bowa. Mu coniferous chakudya, cones, mtedza, singano ntchito.
Nthawi zina nyama imatha kuba mazira a mbalame ngakhalenso kungoswetsa anapiye, zomwe ndi zokoma kwa agologolo. M'nyengo yozizira pachaka, nyama sizimangobisala, koma sizigwira ntchito, zili m'mapanga awo ndikudya masheya omwe adakonzedwa mchilimwe.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Gologolo wouluka mwachilengedwe
Agologolo owuluka nthawi zambiri amakhala moyo wokangalika, nthawi zambiri amakonda nkhalango kapena nkhalango zomwe sizikhala kutali ndi komwe anthu amakhala. Lero amatha kupezeka m'mapaki am'mizinda kapena m'mabwalo, m'manda kapena m'minda yamitengo.
Kuti iuluke mita ingapo mlengalenga, gologoloyo amakwera pamwamba pomwe pamtengo. Pakuthawa, chinyama chimafalitsa miyendo yake, ndikupanga mtundu wa "mapiko". Izi zimapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kuyendetsa mlengalenga, kusintha kosintha mosavuta komanso kutalika. Mchira wautali umagwiritsidwa ntchito pophulika ndikuwongolera komwe ukuuluka.
Gologoloyo amatera pamtengo wa mtengo nthawi imodzi pamapazi onse anayi moyimilira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zigwire khungwa ndi zikhadabo zake osagwa. Anthu owuluka amatha kuyenda mwachangu panthambi zamitengo, zomwe zimawathandiza kuyendetsa bwino ndikuthawa adani.
Dzenje la agologolo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ubweya wa zachilengedwe kapena udzu wofewa. M'nyumba imodzi, nyama ziwiri zimatha kukhazikika nthawi imodzi. Koma pambuyo pobereka, yaikazi nthawi zonse imalekana ndikukhala padera, ikukweza ana ake mwachangu ndikuwateteza ku kuwukira kwa adani omwe angakhalepo.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Gologolo wouluka ku Russia
Gologolo wamkazi wouluka amabala ana kamodzi pachaka kuchuluka kwa agologolo agulu akhungu komanso amaliseche. Mimba imakhala pafupifupi milungu isanu. Maso a anawo amatseguka pakatha milungu iwiri. Kudyetsa mkaka wa mayi kumatenga mwezi umodzi wokha. Nthawi yonseyi, wamkazi amakhala pafupi ndi ana ake, akuwothawitsa ndi kutentha kwa thupi lake.
Patadutsa mwezi umodzi, agologolo amasiya kuyamwa mkaka wa amayi, ndikusinthira chakudya cholimba. Ndipo patatha miyezi 2.5, ana amasinthiratu chakudya chachikulire ndikusiya chisa chawo, ndikuyamba moyo wachikulire wodziyimira pawokha ngati wamkulu.
M'malo awo achilengedwe, agologolo oyenda atha kukhala zaka 6-7, ali muukapolo atha kukhala zaka 12. Chowonadi ndichakuti makoswe ang'onoang'ono awa ali ndi adani ambiri odyera omwe amayesa kudya, koma nyama zokoma.
Kawirikawiri gologolo wouluka samabisala nthawi yachisanu, koma zochitika panthawiyi zimachepa kwambiri, nyamayo imakhala yogona, yovulaza, yosasunthika usana ndi usiku. Khalidwe la omwe akuuluka pafupifupi silimasiyana ndi zizolowezi za agologolo a m'nkhalango.
Zimapanganso nkhokwe zawo m'nyengo yozizira, ndikuzibisa m'mabowo kuti zizidyera m'nyengo yozizira. M'chilimwe, nyama zimasonkhanitsa zokolola m'nkhalango: ma cones, bowa kapena zipatso. Nyama zimamangirira zokololazo panthambi zoonda kuti ziume ndikupitiliza kusunga nkhokwe zawo.
Adani achilengedwe a gologolo wouluka
Chithunzi: Gologolo wouluka
Agologolo ndi othamanga komanso othamanga. Amatha kulumpha mosunthika m'mbali mwa mitengo, akuwulukira ku mitengo ikuluikulu kumtunda. Izi zimakhala ngati chitetezo chodalirika ku nyama zodya nyama kapena mbalame. Ziweto zazing'ono zili pachiwopsezo kulikonse.
Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono titha kuwasaka: ma martens, ferrets, weasels. Zodya zazikulu ndi zowopsa - ziphuphu, mphalapala - zitha kuukira. Pakati pa osaka nthenga, akadzidzi, ziwombankhanga, nkhandwe, akadzidzi a chiwombankhanga ndizoopsa zazikulu kwa agologolo.
Gologolo wouluka amapulumutsidwa ndi mtundu wina wobisala, kuwabisa kumbuyo kwa mitengo ndikupangitsa kuti adani asawadziwe. Kukwanitsa kuuluka maulendo ataliatali kumaperekanso mwayi kwaoyendetsa ndi kubisala kwa adani.
Akagwidwa ndi chilombo, gologoloyo amapita nthawi yomweyo kupita kumtengo wina, ndipo amathawa bwinobwino. Sizovuta kuthawa mbalame yayikulu. Koma agologolo amatha kusintha njira youluka polumpha, kusokoneza ngakhale kadzidzi wochenjera kapena kadzidzi.
Kuwona bwino ndikumvetsera mwachidwi kumalola kuti nyamazo zizidziyendetsa bwino usiku kuti ziwone kapena kumva zoopsa zomwe zikuyandikira.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Gologolo wouluka akuthawa
Gologoloyu amatchulidwa ndi dzina loti amatha kutuluka pakati pamitengo yoyandikana patali kwambiri. Nyama zimasiyanitsidwa ndi malingaliro akuthwa, kucheza, kusewera, chikhalidwe chofatsa.
Makoswe ang'onoang'ono amakonda kuzolowera mwini wawo, samadzisamalira. Chifukwa chake, lero ndiwotchuka kwambiri monga ziweto. Amapezeka nthawi zambiri m'nyumba zogona mumzinda komanso m'nyumba za anthu.
Chiwerengero cha mitundu yonse ya agologolo akuuluka ndi ochepa kwambiri, chifukwa chake kusaka nyama yapaderayi kumakhala kochepa. Ubweya wa mamalia siwofunika. Ndikokongola kwakunja kwa khungu, khungu ndi locheperako ndipo ndizosatheka kuti likhale labwino kuti ligwiritsidwe ntchito.
Zimakhala zovuta kuti nyama zizike mu khola lothinana, chifukwa zimafunikira malo ambiri olumpha. Nyama ikaloledwa kuyenda mnyumbayo, imamva bwino kwambiri ndipo imawuluka mosangalala kuchokera kuchipinda mpaka kuvala, kusewera mwachangu ndi ana kapena ziweto zina.
Mlonda wa Gologolo Wouluka
Chithunzi: Gologolo wouluka kuchokera ku Red Book
Kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala kumakhudza kukula kwa kuchuluka kwa agologolo padziko lonse lapansi, ku Russia kapena mayiko a CIS. Popeza kuchuluka kwa agologolo oyenda masiku ano kwachepa kwambiri kudera lonse la Russia, nyamayo idalembedwa mu Red Book ndipo akuyenera kutetezedwa ndi lamulo. Koma kuchepa kwa ziwerengero sikofunikira, chifukwa chake palibe chifukwa chodandaula zakusowa kwathunthu kwa zamoyo padziko lapansi.
Zinyama zazing'ono zokongola za maso akulu zimakonda kwambiri mbuye wawo. Amakhala ovuta kupirira kusungulumwa komanso kusasamala. Ndikofunika kutenga ana osakwana miyezi iwiri kuti athandizire kusintha kwa nyama kuzinthu zatsopano. Tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tizidyetsa ziweto, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kulumikizana kwabwino pakati pa anthu ndi nyama.
Agologolo ndi nyama zoyenda usiku, koma ali mu ukapolo amakonzanso zovuta zawo mmoyo wamasana masana. Ndikofunikira kuti anthu akhale ndi nyumba zawozapadera. Chifukwa chake, kwa iwo ndikofunikira kukonzekera chidebe chapadera kapena khola lalikulu, pomwe payenera kukhala thonje kapena ubweya kublo. Kugona mkati mwa mink waubweya, nyama imamva kukhala yotetezeka ndikugona bwino.
Muyenera kudyetsa chiweto chomwe muli mu ukapolo ndi chakudya chapadera chomwe chimakhala ndi mphutsi, mbozi kapena tizilombo. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zamphaka zamatini podyetsa mapuloteni. Ndikofunika kupatsa chiweto chanu msuzi watsopano, uchi kapena zipatso tsiku lililonse. Madzi omwa mowa ayenera kusintha tsiku ndi tsiku. Ndikofunikira kuti mapuloteni ayike mchere wamchere, womwe umafunika kuti ubwezeretse mchere. Mutha kuwonjezera kanyumba kanyumba wamba kapena yogurt wopanda shuga ku chakudya cha nyama.
Popeza agologolo oyenda amafunika malo ambiri omasuka kuti azilumpha tsiku lililonse, ayenera kuloledwa kuyenda mozungulira nyumbayo. Atayenda mozungulira makabati ndi mashelufu mokwanira, nyama imalowa mnyumba yake kuti akapumule ndikudya.
Zoseketsa komanso zokongola gologolo wowuluka imakopa chidwi chowonjezeka cha obereketsa komanso okonda zachilendo. Mukamagula gologolo, muyenera kukumbukira kuti pambuyo pokhala m'nyumba ya munthu, sadzakhalanso m'malo ake achilengedwe. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kukhala ndiudindo osalola kuti nyamayo ipite pansewu, kusiya njira zake ndi kufa kwake.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 26.01.2019
Idasinthidwa: 17.09.2019 pa 9:20
