Canine leptospirosis ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amayamba chifukwa cha bakiteriya ochokera ku mtundu wa Leptospira. Matendawa amadziwika ndi kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa ma capillaries, komanso nthawi zambiri pamakhala kuwonongeka kwa impso ndi chiwindi, minofu ya minofu, yomwe imatsagana ndi kuledzera komanso kutentha thupi nthawi zonse.
Ndi agalu ati omwe ali pachiwopsezo
Bacteria ya Leptospira imayimilidwa ndi ma serotypes asanu ndi limodzi osiyanasiyana. Leptospira imatha kukhudza agalu amitundu yonse, mosasamala zaka zawo. Zochita Chowona Zanyama lero, nthawi zambiri matenda a nyama, monga ulamuliro, amapezeka kokha mu serotypes L. Icterohaemorrhagiae ndi L. Canicolau.
Pansi pazikhalidwe zachilengedwe, chiwonetsero chowoneka bwino cha zochitika za Leptospira chimadziwika mpaka masiku 220 m'madzi am'nyanja ndi mitsinje, komanso m'malo osungira okhala ndi madzi osayenda. Nthawi yomweyo, nthawi yayitali ya bakiteriya m'nthaka yonyowa imatha kusiyanasiyana ngakhale patatha masiku 79-280. Wothandizira wa matenda opatsirana pachimake sagonjetsedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kupatula mankhwala apadera a gulu loyamba.
Chonyamulira chachikulu cha mabakiteriya a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso magwero amamasulidwe awo kunja kwake akuphatikizanso nyama zochiritsidwa komanso zodwala. Anthu onse omwe ali ndi kachilomboka amadziwika ndi kutulutsa mabakiteriya mkaka wa m'mawere, komanso ndowe zachilengedwe, kutulutsa m'mapapu ndi kumaliseche.
Malo osungira moyo wonse wa mabakiteriya kapena onyamula ma virus amaimiridwa ndi makoswe ang'onoang'ono, omwe amaphatikizapo makoswe, nyongolotsi ndi agologolo apansi, mbewa zakutchire ndi ma voles. Kuphulika kwambiri kwa leptospirosis mu agalu, nthawi zambiri, kumachitika makamaka mchilimwe ndi nthawi yophukira, pomwe Leptospira amakhala womasuka momwe angathere.
Leptospirosis ndi owopsa makamaka kwa anthu ocheperako, komanso ana agalu, omwe ndi chifukwa cha chitetezo chokwanira m'zinyama zoterezi. Mitundu yokhala ndi mtundu wosavomerezeka wa malamulo amakhalanso pachiwopsezo, kuphatikiza ma boxer, French and English Bulldogs, Cane Corso, Bullmastiffs, Sharpei, Bloodhound ndi Basset Hound.
Mulimonsemo, leptospirosis yamtundu uliwonse ndi yovuta kuchiza, chifukwa chake, ngati kulibe chithandizo choyenera, imadziwika imfa. Kulengeza kwabwino kwa nyama zomwe zili ndi kachilomboka kumatheka pokhapokha ngati matendawa ali ndi matendawa, komanso kusankha njira yoyenera yothandizira.
Patatha pafupifupi sabata limodzi, galu yemwe ali ndi leptospirosis amayamba kutulutsa mabakiteriya kumalo akunja, koma nthawi yomwe izi zimadalira zimadalira mtundu wa leptospira, kulimbikira kwa thupi la nyama, mawonekedwe ndi gawo la matendawa, komanso ma virus a virulence.
Zizindikiro za leptospirosis mu agalu
Kumeza kwa causative wothandizila wa leptospirosis m'thupi la nyama kumayambitsa kuwonekera kwa zizindikilo za kuwonongeka kwa magazi, kusokonezeka kwa mundawo m'mimba ndi dongosolo la kupuma. Against maziko a kuledzera ambiri a thupi, zizindikiro za kwa chiwindi ndi aimpso kulephera, ndi ntchito ya chapakati mantha dongosolo ndi minofu mtima mtima.
Zizindikiro zowoneka bwino za leptospirosis agalu zimaphatikizapo kutentha kwa thupi, nthawi zambiri kufika 40-41zaC. Nyama yomwe ili ndi kachilomboka nthawi zambiri imasanza kapena kutsekula m'modzi. Kuphatikiza pa ulesi, kufooka wamba, kusowa kwa njala komanso kukana kwathunthu kapena pang'ono pang'ono chakudya, zovuta zamikodzo zimawonedwa nthawi zambiri. Magazi amapezeka mchimbudzi ndi mkodzo.
Kufufuza kwa nyama kumavumbula kupezeka kwa kupweteka kwambiri m'mimba, koma mawonetseredwe a matendawa amadalira kwambiri mawonekedwe a leptospirosis.
Mitundu ya leptospirosis
Gawo loyamba la matenda, kulowa mu leptospira m'thupi kumadziwika, kulowa kwawo m'magazi, ziwindi za chiwindi, ndulu, komanso impso ndi adrenal gland, komwe kumachulukitsa mabakiteriya. Matenda opatsirana amathandizidwa ndi leptospiremia mobwerezabwereza, kenako ndikulowa kwa mabakiteriya m'chiwindi ndi impso, adrenal gland ndi meninges. Pa gawo loyamba la matendawa, parasitism imadziwika pakhungu.
Gawo la toxinemia limawonetsedwa munyama ndikuwononga momveka bwino ma endothelium a capillaries, komanso kuwonjezeka kwa kupezeka kwawo ndikupezeka kwa hemorrhagic syndrome komanso kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi, impso ndi adrenal gland. Pambuyo pa kutalika kwa matendawa, gawo limayamba, lomwe limadziwika ndi mapangidwe osatetezeka a chitetezo chokwanira ndikuwoneka kwa ma antibodies m'magazi a galu, komanso kutha kwamatenda a njirayi.
Gawo lomaliza limadziwika ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa malo osabala a chitetezo chokwanira, kuphatikiza nthabwala, ziwalo zam'deralo komanso chitetezo chamatenda, pambuyo pake kuyambiranso kwa galu kumayamba.
Mawonekedwe apangidwe
Chizindikiro chazachipatala kwambiri cha leptospirosis yamtunduwu chimayimiriridwa ndi chikaso cha mamina amphongo ndi mkamwa, komanso maliseche ndi conjunctiva. Chikasu chimadziwika pakhungu komanso mkati mwamakutu. Nyama yomwe ili ndi matendawa imadziwika ndi kukhumudwa komanso kukana kudya, komanso kupezeka kwa matenda a dyspeptic, omwe amaphatikizapo anorexia, kusanza kwambiri ndi kutsegula m'mimba.
Chithunzi cha magazi cha galu wodwala chimadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa bilirubin. Pamodzi ndi hemorrhagic, mawonekedwe a icteric, zizindikilo za kulephera kwa impso ndi chiwindi, kusokonezeka kwa magwiridwe antchito am'mimba ndi matumbo, komanso kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi. Kukhalapo kwa ululu wopweteka kwambiri mukamayimba m'mimba mwa nyama kumadziwika. Amphamvu, nthawi zina ngakhale zosasunthika zotupa m'mimba ndi m'matumbo sizimasankhidwa.
Choyambitsa kufa kwa galu yemwe wakhudzidwa ndi mawonekedwe a icteric ndikuwonekera kwa mantha opatsirana poizoni, kuledzera kwakukulu komanso kuchepa kwa thupi m'thupi, ndipo keratitis ndi conjunctivitis zitha kupezeka mwa anthu omwe achira.
Mawonekedwe Hemorrhagic
Hemorrhagic (anicteric) mawonekedwe a leptospirosis amapezeka nthawi zambiri m'zinyama zakale ndi agalu ofooka. Nthawi zambiri, matendawa amapezeka modabwitsa komanso pachimake, momwe kukula kwa zizindikiritso zamankhwala kumatenga masiku 2-7, ndipo ziweto zakufa kwa nyama zimafikira 55-65%. Mtundu wamtundu wa leptospirosis umadziwika ndikukula pang'onopang'ono kwa mawonetseredwe azachipatala komanso kuuma kwawo pang'ono. Kutalika kwa matenda kumatha kusiyanasiyana masiku 10 mpaka 23. Mwa mawonekedwe awa, zovuta zamatenda achiwiri ndi matenda amadziwika, ndipo kuchuluka kwa anthu akufa ndi pafupifupi 35-55%.
Agalu ena amasintha subacute ndi magawo oyipa a leptospirosis kukhala mawonekedwe osachiritsika, limodzi ndi chithunzi chachipatala chofatsa. Poterepa, kutentha kwa thupi kumatha kukhala ndi chiwonjezeko pang'ono kapena sikungokhala koyenera. Kulephera kugwira ntchito kwa ziwalo za m'mimba ndi dongosolo lamanjenje zimapezeka, komanso kuchepa kwa chitetezo ndi mphamvu. Munthawi yayitali ya leptospirosis, matenda omwe amawoneka ngati mafunde mosiyanasiyana amawonedwa mosiyanasiyana pazizindikiro komanso kuwopsa kwa chithunzi chachipatala.
Chizindikiro choyamba cha leptospirosis chimapezeka mwa galu patatha maola 24 mutadwala. Kuyamba kwa matendawa kumatsagana ndi hyperthermia yaifupi komanso kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa kutentha kwa thupi mpaka 41.0-41.5zaC. Pankhaniyi, nyamayo imakhala ndi ludzu lamphamvu, yotchedwa mucous membranes ndi conjunctiva. Galu yemwe ali ndi leptospirosis yamtunduwu samatha kuchita zinthu zina zakunja, amakhala wopanda nkhawa komanso wopanda chidwi, ndipo amakana kwathunthu kudya. Pambuyo maola 24-48, kutentha kwa thupi kutsikira ku 37.5-38.0zaC, matenda otuluka magazi amatuluka ndikumatsekeka kwamitsempha yamagazi ndimankhwala ambiri a leptospira exotoxins komanso lysis yotsatira ya erythrocytes.
Chithunzi chotchulidwa chachipatala cha matendawa chikuphatikizidwa ndi mawonekedwe a kutuluka kwa magazi kwakunja ndi kwamkati komwe kumatuluka magazi kwambiri mucous nembanemba komanso mapangidwe a necrotic foci. Pachifukwa ichi, kutuluka magazi kumakhudza m'mimba, komanso ziwalo zina ndi machitidwe amthupi. Nyamayo imakhala ndi matenda otsekula m'mimba kwambiri omwe amafalitsa matenda komanso kuvulaza m'kati mwa jakisoni wam'mimba kapena wamkati. Galu amavutika ndi nseru komanso kusanza koopsa ndi kuphatikiza magazi. Ntchofu zokhala ndi magazi zimawonekera mkodzo ndi ndowe. Kutsekula m'mimba kumatha kutsatiridwa ndi kudzimbidwa.
Mu hemorrhagic mawonekedwe a pachimake matenda opatsirana, mkulu kwambiri okhutira zili mkodzo. Nyama yomwe ili ndi leptospirosis siyigwira ntchito ndipo imachita mphwayi, ndipo zotupa zotupa m'mimba mwa galu nthawi zambiri zimatsagana ndi zovuta zamanjenje komanso zovuta zina pakugwira ntchito kwa ziwalo zamkati mwamanjenje. Akapezeka, pakamimba pamimba, komanso impso ndi chiwindi, galu amamva kupweteka kwambiri, chifukwa chake amakhala mopumira kwambiri.
Mtundu wamagazi wa leptospirosis umadziwika ndi kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi, kuledzera, gawo lalikulu la hemorrhagic enteritis, kupwetekedwa kwamphongo ndi / kapena kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi, oliguria, komanso kugwidwa kwama clonic.
Diagnostics ndi chithandizo
Kuti adziwe matenda olondola kwambiri ndikusankha njira yabwino kwambiri yothandizira, veterinarian, kuwonjezera pa kusonkhanitsa mbiri yonse ya galu, adzafunika kuchita njira zingapo zodziwira. Pachifukwa ichi, mkodzo ndi magazi a nyama amayesedwa mosalephera, ndipo nthawi zina katulutsidwe ka ziwalo zoberekera za galu zimayesedwa.
Mkodzo umafufuzidwa ndi microscope, ndipo zinthu zakuthupi zimapangidwa m'malo apadera a labotale, zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wodziwa mtundu wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda momwe zingathere. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti kuchuluka kwa chidziwitso chazosanthula ngati izi kumadalira ngati nyama yodwalayo ilandila mankhwala a maantibayotiki. Kutulutsa komwe kumapezeka kumaliseche a galu kumawunikiranso mopepuka.
Kuyezetsa magazi kuti muzindikire kupezeka kwa ma antibodies ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda Leptospira kumachitika kangapo, pakadutsa mlungu uliwonse. Ngati chinyama chikudwala leptospirosis, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwama antibodies m'magazi ake kumatha kuwonjezeka kangapo. Ngati ndi kotheka, veterinarian amalamula zochitika zina zingapo ndi maphunziro omwe cholinga chake ndi kutsimikizira kuti ali ndi matendawa ndikudziwitsa gawo lakukula kwa matendawa.
Chithandizo chovuta cha leptospirosis chidagawika magawo anayi, kuphatikiza kuwonongedwa kwa matenda a Leptospira, kukondoweza kwa mtima, komanso kuchotsa poizoni, ndikutsata kugwira ntchito kwa ziwalo zonse ndi machitidwe. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti maziko a chithandizo chopambana ndikulimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Njira zowonjezera zamankhwala zimatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu wa galu.
Antileptospirotic gamma globulin imathandizira kwambiri, yomwe imathandizidwa ndi mankhwala a antibacterial poika mankhwala omwe amayesedwa nthawi yayitali "Penicillin", "Tetracycline" ndi aminoglycosides. Thandizo la poizoni liyenera kuperekedwa ndikuwunika moyenera kuchuluka kwa mkodzo watsiku ndi tsiku. Chithandizo chamankhwala cha leptospirosis chimaphatikizapo othandizira masiku ano a hemostatic, komanso kukonza kwa asidi-base balance.
Pambuyo pa kuchira, chinyama chimakhala ndi chitetezo chokhazikika, chomwe chimakhala zaka zingapo. Lepospira ikakhudzidwa ndi minofu yaimpso, agalu ambiri amakhalabe onyamula tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kwa nthawi yayitali. Kuti muwonetsetse kuti chiweto chanu sichikunyamula mabakiteriya, ndikofunikira kuti mukayezetse magazi mumakayezetsa labotale milungu ingapo mutachira.
Ponena za kuneneratu, vuto la leptospirosis ndi lovuta, chifukwa chake azachipatala amawapatsa chisamaliro chachikulu. Ngati chithandizo cha matenda opatsirana chimaperekedwa molondola komanso munthawi yake, ndiye kuti pafupifupi 50% ya milandu, galu amachira sabata yachiwiri kapena yachitatu. Ndi kuwonongeka koopsa kwa ziwalo zofunika, kuphatikizapo impso ndi chiwindi, mwayi wakufa umakula kwambiri.
Galu wakufayo amafunika kuvoteredwa, komwe kumalola kuyesa madzi omwe amatengedwa pachifuwa ndi peritoneum ya nyama, komanso impso ndi chiwindi kuti azindikire mtundu wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Njira zodzitetezera
Leptospirosis ndi matenda opatsirana oopsa kwambiri kwa nyama zomwe zimakhudza agalu, mosasamala mtundu wawo komanso msinkhu wawo. Pofuna kupewa matenda a leptospirosis, katemera wothandizira amachitika. Pachifukwa ichi, mono- ndi polyvaccines amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zotsatira zabwino zimaperekedwa ndi katemera wogwirizana wakunja ndi wakunyumba, omwe ndi othandiza kwambiri motsutsana ndi serotypes wa Leptospira Canicola, Icterohaemorrhagiae.
Madokotala azachipatala amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito "Biovac-L", "Leptodog" ndi "Multican-6" pazinthu zodzitetezera. Mlingo wa mankhwala obayidwa uyenera kusankhidwa ndi veterinarian, poganizira malangizo omwe ali phukusi ndi kulemera kwake kwa nyama. Ana agalu amatemera katemera wa leptospirosis ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi zitatu kapena khumi. Pankhaniyi, katemera wobwereza umachitika patatha masiku 21. Kwa nyama zazikulu, komanso agalu achikulire omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe osadziwika a chitetezo cha mthupi, m'malo osavomerezeka a epizootic, katemera wogwira ntchito, hyperimmune serum, amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Mukakonzekera ulendo ndi galu kumadera osavomerezeka ndi leptospirosis, katemera wothandizira amachitika mwezi umodzi ulendo usanachitike. Obereketsa komanso oweta agalu okonda masewera ayenera kusamala kwambiri zikhalidwe za nyama, komanso zakudya za ziweto. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti musanyalanyaze ukhondo ndi njira zodzitetezera. Ndikofunika kulabadira kulimbitsa thupi kwa chitetezo chamthupi la canine ndikutsatira ndandanda ya katemera yomwe idakhazikitsidwa ndi veterinarian, chithandizo chanthawi yomweyo cha nyama kuchokera ku ectoparasites.
Mwini galu akuyenera kuwunika ukhondo woyenera, komanso malo ogona a ziweto, pogwiritsa ntchito makonzedwe amakono ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe amavomerezedwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito.
Zotsatira za leptospirosis
Ngati galu yemwe ali ndi matenda opatsirana akupulumuka, ndiye kuti nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zovuta zingapo, kuphatikizapo kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi ndi impso, komanso zovuta zam'mimba. Nthawi yomweyo, nthawi yobwezeretsa, yomwe imafunikira ziwalo ndi machitidwe, imatenga mwezi umodzi kapena itatu. Pakadali pano, mankhwala apadera amathandizidwa, kuphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito enzyme ndi mankhwala amakono a hepaprotective.
Pofuna kupewa zovuta zazikulu, mankhwala amaperekedwa kuti azisamalira ntchito ya m'mimba, komanso zakudya zopatsa thanzi, zowonjezeredwa ndi kukonzekera kwa vitamini B gulu. Hepatoprotectors monga Essentiale, Galstena ndi Karsil amathandizira kubwezeretsa chiwindi kugwira ntchito. Zotsatira zabwino kwambiri zolimbikitsira mitsempha ya mitsempha zimaperekedwa mwa kusankhidwa kwa ascorbic acid ndi rutin kwa chinyama. Kulimbitsa minofu yofooka ya mtima, mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito "Thiotriazolin", "Riboxin", komanso mitundu ina yaopanga pacem. Kufooketsa Tizilombo Toyambitsa Matenda nthawi zotchulidwa pa achire gawo.
Zowopsa kwa anthu
Leptospirosis ndi m'gulu la matenda opatsirana, zooanthroponous owopsa omwe amayambitsa kutukusira kwa magazi m'chiwindi, ziwalo zam'mimba ndi chapakati dongosolo lamanjenje. Matendawa amafalikira mosavuta kuchokera kuchinyama chomwe chili ndi kachilomboka kupita kwa anthu. Pofuna kutsimikizira kuti ali ndi matendawa, mbiri yakale ya matenda opatsirana imasonkhanitsidwa, ma antibodies amapezeka mu sera, ndipo magazi amatengedwa kuti alowetse pazikhalidwe, ndipo mkodzo umayesedwa. RNA yapadera kapena DNA imapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito RT-PCR kapena PCR.
Njira yotumizira leptospirosis imangokhudza kukhudzana kokha. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timalowa m'thupi la munthu kudzera pakhungu lowonongeka ndi mamina, kwinaku tikusambira m'malo osungira, omwe amadziwika ndi madzi osayenda. Palinso milandu yodziwika bwino yokhudzana ndi kuipitsidwa kwa zakudya chifukwa chakumwa madzi akuda kuchokera kuzinthu zosatsimikiziridwa, nyama ndi mkaka. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sinafalitsidwe kwa anthu, chifukwa matendawa ndi ofanana ndi zoonosis.
Zizindikiro zamatenda a leptospirosis mwa anthu zimadalira mtundu wa matendawa ndipo zimaphatikizapo kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwa thupi, jakisoni ndi icterus ya sclera, kukulitsa kwa chiwindi, kuwoneka kwa kupweteka kwamphamvu kwa minofu ndi tachycardia, kupezeka kwa oliguria, kenako anuria. Pazovuta kwambiri, myocarditis ndi matenda opatsirana amayamba, ndipo zimawoneka bwino.
Zovuta zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi leptospirosis nthawi zambiri zimaperekedwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi chiwindi chowopsa cha mtundu wa chikomokere chowopsa cha chiwindi, mawonekedwe oopsa a impso kulephera ndi magazi, kuwonongeka kwa nembanemba m'maso ndi myocarditis, kufooka ndi paresis, komanso matenda opatsirana komanso owopsa.
