Tsopano pali mbalame zoposa 100 biliyoni zomwe zimakhala padziko lathu lapansi, zambiri zomwe zimapanga gulu lalikulu la "mbalame zam'nkhalango".
Magulu a mbalame m'malo okhalamo
Ornithologists amasiyanitsa magulu anayi, omwe kulumikizana kwawo ndi ma biotopu ena kumawonekera makamaka pamawonekedwe. Mbalame zomwe zimakhala m'mphepete mwa madzi (kuphatikiza madambo) zimakhala ndi miyendo yayitali ndi makosi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisamavutike kupeza chakudya m'nthaka yomata.
Mbalame zamalo otseguka zimatha kukwera maulendo ataliatali, chifukwa chake amapatsidwa mapiko olimba, koma mafupa opepuka. Mbalame zam'madzi zimafunikira chida champhamvu chogwirira nsomba, chomwe chimakhala mlomo waukulu kwambiri kwa iwo. Mbalame zam'nkhalango, makamaka kumpoto ndi kotentha, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zopanda khosi, zimakhala ndi mutu wawung'ono wokhala ndi maso m'mbali, ndi miyendo yayifupi.
Magulu azachilengedwe a mbalame ndi mtundu wa chakudya
Ndipo apa mbalame zimagawidwa m'magulu anayi: iliyonse ili ndi zokonda zawo zokha, komanso chida chapadera, komanso njira zosakira zosaka. Mwa njira, mbalame zam'nkhalango zimagwera m'magulu onse odziwika:
- tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (mwachitsanzo, mawere kapena ma pikas) - ali ndi mlomo woonda, wosongoka womwe umalowa m'ming'alu yopapatiza ndikukoka tizilombo pamasamba;
- zowononga / zowopsya (monga shurov) - zokhala ndi mlomo wolimba wokhoza kuboola chipolopolo cholimba;
- chilombo (mwachitsanzo, chiwombankhanga) - miyendo yawo yamphamvu yokhala ndi zikhadabo zamphamvu ndi mlomo wooneka ngati mbedza imasinthidwa kuti igwire nyama yaying'ono;
- omnivores (monga magpies) - adapeza mlomo woboola pakati kuchokera pakubadwa, wosinthidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chakudya.
Pofuna kuti zisagwe panthambi zikamafunafuna chakudya, mbalame zam'nkhalango (tizilombo, zikumbu, mapikas, ma warblers, ndi ena) zimagwiritsa ntchito zala zazitali ndi zikhadabo zakuthwa. Mbalame zazikuluzikulu (pike, greenfinches, grosbeaks ndi zina) zimaphwanya zipatso zolimba za chitumbuwa cha mbalame ndi chitumbuwa, ndi zopingasa zokhala ndi malekezero akuthwa kwa mlomo wa mtanda zimachotsera njere ku pine ndi spruce cones.
Zosangalatsa. Alenje a tizilombo, ang'onoting'ono ndi ma swifts, omwe ali ndi milomo yochepa kwambiri, amakhala osiyana. Koma ali ndi chotupa chachikulu pakamwa (chomwe ngodya zake zimayenda kumbuyo kwa maso), komwe "amakoka" ma midges oyenda.
Zomwe zimafanana zimalumikiza mbalame zamtchire (akadzidzi, ma buzzards, shrikes ndi ena) - masomphenya abwino, kumva bwino komanso kutha kuyenda m'nkhalango.
Kudzipatula ndi chikhalidwe cha kusamuka
Kutengera kupezeka / kupezeka kwaulendo komanso mtunda wawo, mbalame zamtchire zimagawika kukhala pansi, kusamukasamuka komanso kusamuka. Komanso, ndizofala kugawa kusamuka konse kukhala ndege (nthawi yophukira ndi masika), komanso kuyendayenda (nthawi yophukira-nthawi yozizira komanso kubzala pambuyo pake). Mbalame zomwezo zimatha kusamukasamuka kapena kukhala pansi, zomwe zimatsimikizika ndimikhalidwe yakomwe amakhala.
Mbalame zimakakamizidwa kugunda pamsewu pamene:
- umphawi wa chakudya;
- maola ocheperako masana;
- kuchepa kwa kutentha kwa mpweya.
Nthawi yakusamuka imadalira kutalika kwa njira. Nthawi zina mbalame zimabwerera pambuyo pake chifukwa choti zasankha malo ozizira kwambiri kuti azipumulako.
Zosangalatsa. Si mbalame zonse za m'nkhalango zomwe zimasamuka mwa kuwuluka. Buluu wabuluu amayenda maulendo ataliatali ... wapansi. Njira yomweyi imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi emu, yomwe imayenda makilomita makumi kufunafuna madzi nthawi yachilala.
Kusuntha kwakanthawi kumachitika maulendo ataliatali komanso afupikitsa. Chifukwa chakusunthika kwakanthawi, mbalame zamtchire zimakhazikika m'malo omwe sali oyenera kutukuka nthawi zina pachaka.
Mbalame zosamukira m'nkhalango
M'nkhalango za dziko lathu, mbalame zosamuka zimafalikira, zimachoka kumwera zokha (nkhaka, zolusa masana, ndi ena), ziweto zazikulu kapena zazikulu. Ma Oriole, ma swifts, mphodza ndi mbalame ndiwo oyamba kuuluka nthawi yozizira, komanso nyengo yozizira isanafike - abakha, atsekwe ndi swans.
Gulu limauluka mosiyanasiyana: odutsa - osapitilira mamitala angapo pa liwiro lofika 30 km / h, yayikulu - pamtunda wokwera 1 km, ikufulumira mpaka 80 km / h. Zimasunthira kumwera ndikubwerera kunyumba, mbalame zosamuka zimatsata njira zosamukira, zikukhala m'malo abwino. Ndegeyi ili ndi magawo angapo, ophatikizidwa ndi kupumula kwakanthawi kochepa, komwe apaulendo amapeza mphamvu ndi chakudya.
Zosangalatsa. Zocheperako mbalameyo, ndizofupikitsa mtunda womwe iye ndi amzake amatha kuyenda osayima: mitundu yaying'ono imawuluka osapumira pafupifupi maola 70 mpaka 90, ndikufikira mtunda wokwana 4,000 km.
Njira zouluka za gulu lankhosa komanso mbalame iliyonse zimatha kusiyanasiyana nyengo ndi nyengo. Mitundu yayikulu kwambiri imakhamukira pagulu la mbalame 12-20, yofanana ndi mphero wa V: dongosolo ili limathandizira kuchepetsa mphamvu zawo zamagetsi. Mitundu ina ya nkhaka zotentha imazindikiridwanso kuti imasamukira kwina, mwachitsanzo, kakhoko kakang'ono kamene kamakhala ku Africa, koma kumakhala ku India kokha.
Mbalame zakutchire zongokhala
Izi zikuphatikiza iwo omwe sakonda kusamukira kutali ndipo amakhala ozizira m'malo awo obadwira - agalu, akhwangwala, akadzidzi, nkhono, ma jays, nkhunda, mpheta, nkhwangwa ndi ena. Zisa zambiri mumzinda kapena malo oyandikana nawo, omwe amafotokozedwa chifukwa chakusowa kwa adani achilengedwe owopsa komanso chakudya chokwanira. M'nyengo yozizira, mbalame zomwe zimakhala pansi zimayandikira pafupi ndi nyumba zogona kuti zipeze mwayi wopeza zinyalala. Mitundu yambiri yam'malo otentha imangokhala.
Mbalame zachilengedwe za m'nkhalango
Ili ndi dzina la mbalame zomwe zimayenda kukafunafuna chakudya m'malo ndi malo kunja kwa nyengo yoswana. Kusamuka koteroko, chifukwa cha nyengo komanso kupezeka kwa chakudya, kulibe mawonekedwe ozungulira, ndichifukwa chake samawerengedwa ngati kusamuka (ngakhale ali makilomita mazana ngakhale masauzande ambiri okutidwa ndi mbalame zosamukasamuka kumapeto kwa kukaikira mazira).
Oyang'anira mbalame amalankhulanso za kusamuka kwakanthawi kochepa, kuwalekanitsa ndi kusamuka kwakutali komanso kufota. Ngakhale mawonekedwe apakatikati amenewa amadziwika chifukwa chokhazikika, nthawi yomweyo amalamulidwa ndi kufunafuna chakudya ndi nyengo zosintha. Mbalame zimakana kusamuka kwakanthawi ngati nthawi yachisanu imakhala yotentha komanso chakudya chili chochuluka m'nkhalango.
M'dera la dziko lathu, mbalame zoyendayenda za m'nkhalango zikuphatikizapo:
- maliseche;
- nsapato;
- zopingasa;
- siskin;
- shchurov;
- ng'ombe zamphongo;
- waxwings, ndi zina.
Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti kum'mwera kwa magulu awo, khwangwala wokhala ndi zovala komanso rook (mwachitsanzo) azingokhala, koma azingoyendayenda kumpoto. Mbalame zambiri zotentha zimauluka m'nyengo yamvula. Woimira banja la mbambande, alcyone waku Senegal, amasamukira ku equator nthawi yachilala. Mbalame zam'nkhalango zomwe zimakhala m'mapiri a Himalaya ndi Andes.
Mbalame zamtchire zakumayiko osiyanasiyana
Gulu la avian padziko lonse lapansi limapitilira 25 kuchuluka kwa anthu padziko lonse lapansi. Zowona, akatswiri azakuthambo akadatsutsanabe kuchuluka kwa mitundu yazamoyo zosiyanasiyana, ndikuyimba pafupifupi 8.7 zikwi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pulaneti ili ndi mitundu pafupifupi 8,700 ya mbalame zomwe sizimayenderana.
Mbalame zamtchire ku Australia
Pazilumbazi komanso pazilumba zoyandikana nawo, komanso ku Tasmania, pali mitundu 655, yambiri yomwe imadziwika kuti ndi yokhazikika (chifukwa chakutalikirana kwa madera). Endemism, yomwe imadziwika makamaka pamlingo wamitundu, mibadwo ndi mabanja, siyodziwika kwenikweni m'mabanja - awa ndi mbalame za lyre, oyendayenda aku Australia, emus ndi mbalame zamtchire.
Cassowary wamba, kapena chovala chisoti
Anapatsidwa mayina a mbalame yayikulu kwambiri ku Australia komanso yachiwiri (pambuyo pa nthiwatiwa) padziko lapansi. Mitundu yonse itatu ya cassowary idavala chisoti "chisoti", chotumphukira chapadera, cholinga chomwe akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo amatsutsana nacho: kaya ndi chikhalidwe chachiwiri chogonana, chida chomenyera amuna ena, kapena chida chopangira masamba.
Zoona. Ngakhale anali olimba modabwitsa - mamitala awiri kutalika ndi kulemera pafupifupi 60 kg - cassowary cassowary amadziwika kuti ndi mbalame yobisalira kwambiri ku Australia.
Masana imabisala m'nkhalango, imapita kukadyetsa dzuwa litalowa / kulowa kwa dzuwa ndikufunafuna zipatso, mbewu ndi zipatso. Cassowary wamba sichinyoza nsomba ndi nyama zapamtunda. Cassowaries samauluka, ndipo samapezeka ku Australia kokha, komanso ku New Guinea. Amuna amtunduwu ndi abambo achitsanzo chabwino: ndi omwe amasamalira mazira ndikulera anapiye.
Mphungu yamphongo
Amatchedwa mbalame yotchuka kwambiri yodya nyama ku Australia. Ndi kulimba mtima ndi mphamvu, chiwombankhanga chokhala ndi mphako sizotsika kuposa chiombankhanga chagolide, chosankha ngati nyama zochepa chabe za kangaroo, komanso zazikulu zazikulu. Chiwombankhanga chachitsulo sichimakana kugwa. Chisa chimamangidwa pamwamba kuchokera pansi, pamtengo, kukhalamo kwa zaka zambiri motsatizana. Chiwerengero cha chiwombankhanga chachitsulo chatsika kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa, ndipo alimi a ziweto aku Australia ali ndi mlandu.
Mbalame yayikulu kwambiri
Mbalame ya lyrebird, yomwe imakhala m'nkhalango zotentha kwambiri, imadziwika kuti ndi mbalame yadziko lonse ku Australia ndipo imadziwika pakati pa ena chifukwa cha mchira wake wowoneka bwino komanso luso la simulator. Chodabwitsa kwambiri ndi nyimbo yokomera ya lyrebird - imatha mpaka maola 4 ndipo imaphatikizaponso kutsanzira mawu a mbalame ophatikizidwa ndi malipenga agalimoto, kuwombera mfuti, khungwa la agalu, nyimbo, phokoso la injini, ma alarm a moto, jackhammer ndi zina zambiri.
Mbalame yayikuluyo imagona mumitengo ndikudya pansi, ndikumakumba pansi munkhalango ndi mapazi ake kuti mupeze nyongolotsi, nkhono, tizilombo ndi tinthu tina todyedwa. Mbalame zambiri za lyrebird zakhazikika m'malo osungira nyama ku Australia, kuphatikiza Dandenong ndi Kinglake.
Mbalame zamtchire ku North America
Nyama zakutchire ku North America, zopangidwa ndi mitundu 600 ndi mitundu 19, ndizosauka kwambiri kuposa Central ndi South. Komanso, mitundu ina ndi yofanana ndi ya ku Eurasia, ina idawuluka kuchokera kumwera, ndipo ochepa okha ndi omwe angawoneke ngati achikhalidwe.
Mbalame yotchedwa hummingbird
Wamkulu kwambiri m'banja la hummingbird (masentimita 20 kutalika ndi kulemera kwa 18-20 g) ndi mitundu yakomweko yaku South America yomwe imakonda kukhazikika pamtunda wa makilomita 2.1 mpaka 4 pamwamba pamadzi. Mbalame zam'nkhalangozi zalowa m'minda / minda yakumidzi nyengo yotentha, komanso nkhalango zowuma komanso zachinyezi kumadera otentha / madera otentha, ndipo zimapezeka m'nkhalango zowuma. Nyama yayikulu kwambiri yotchedwa hummingbird yazolowera moyo wam'mapiri chifukwa cha njira yotenthetsera - ngati kuli kotheka, mbalame imatsitsa kutentha kwa thupi.
Buluu wabuluu
Kutumizidwa ndi banja la pheasant ndikukakhazikika m'nkhalango za Rocky Mountains, pomwe mitengo yachikaso ya pine ndi Douglas imakula. Mukamaliza nyengo yoberekanayo, mtundu wakuda wabuluu umasamukira kunkhalango zazitali zazitali kwambiri, pafupifupi 3.6 km pamwamba pa nyanja. Chakudya cha chilimwe cha grouse wabuluu chimakhala ndi mitundu yambiri yazomera monga:
- maluwa ndi inflorescences;
- masamba ndi mbewu;
- zipatso ndi masamba.
M'nyengo yozizira, mbalame zimakakamizika kusinthana ndi singano, makamaka paini. Pakati pa nyengo yokhwima, amuna amatembenuka (monga grouse yonse) ndikusintha - amakweza timizere ta supraorbital, kuwongola mchira wawo ndi nthenga m'khosi, kukopa akazi okhala ndi mitundu yowala bwino.
Mzimayi amayala 5-10 wonyezimira, wokhala ndi mawanga abulauni, mazira pachisa chokonzedweratu, chomwe ndi kukhumudwa pansi komwe kuli udzu ndi singano.
Chojambulidwa cha hazel grouse
Mbalame ina yamnkhalango yaku North America, mbadwa ya banja la grouse. Kutchuka kwa collared hazel grouse kunabweretsanso kuthekera kwake kugogoda "ma roll drum", woyamba wawo womwe ukhoza kumveka kale mu February - Marichi. Mwamuna womenyerayo nthawi zambiri amanyamuka atagwa ndikukula ndi thunthu la moss (osati kutali ndi m'mphepete, kuyeretsa kapena msewu), wokutidwa ndi tchire. Kenako hazel grouse imayamba kuyenda ndikutsika ndi thunthu ndi mchira wosasunthika, nthenga za kolala ndikukweza mapiko.
Zosangalatsa. Nthawi ina, yamphongo imayima ndikudziwongola mpaka kutalika kwake konse, imayamba kukupiza mapiko ake mwachangu ndikuthwa, kuti mawu awa alumikizane ndi ngoli.
Pambuyo pomaliza ntchitoyi, mbalameyo imakhala pansi ndikukhala pansi kuti ibwererenso nambala itatha mphindi 10. Mukasankha malo, kolala ya hazel grouse imakhalabe yokhulupirika kwa iye kwazaka zambiri.
Mbalame zamtchire ku South America
Mitundu yochepera 3 zikwi pano imakhala pano, kapena kupitirira kotala la nyama zokhala ndi nthenga padziko lapansi. Mbalamezi zikuyimira mabanja 93, ambiri aiwo amapezeka, ndi ma 23.
Nkhuku
South America inali ndi mitundu 23 ya nkhaka, ndipo ambiri a iwo (makamaka, akazi) ndi tizirombo toyambitsa matenda. Ani ndi gouira cuckoos amadziwika ndiwiri - amadzimangira okha zisa kapena amakhala alendo. Omwe ali ndi udindo waukulu pankhaniyi ndi ma cuckoo pheasants, kumanga zisa ndi kubzala ana okha.
Mitundu ina imakonda kugwirira ntchito limodzi - awiriawiri angapo amakonzekeretsa chisa chimodzi, pomwe akazi onse amaikira mazira awo. Nkhuku zonse za gululi zikuchita nawo makulitsidwe ndi kudyetsa motsatana.
Nkhuku zaku South America ndizambiri za mbalame zam'nkhalango, zimakonda nkhalango zowirira komanso zitsamba, ngakhale mitundu ina, monga Mexico cactus cuckoo, imapezekanso m'mapululu momwe mumamera cacti zokha.
Mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe
Anthu okhala kumadera otentha amaimiridwa ndi mitundu 25 yokhala ndi mitundu 111, yotchuka kwambiri ndi Amazons obiriwira, komanso ma macaw a buluu, achikasu, ofiira ndi achikasu. Palinso ma parrot ang'onoang'ono (obiriwira obiriwira) omwe amakhala otsika poyerekeza ndi ma macaws kukula kwake, koma osati kuwala kwa nthenga. Nthawi zambiri, mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe amasankha nkhalango zam'malo otentha kuti azikhalamo, koma mitundu ina siziwopa malo owoneka bwino, kumanga zisa zawo m'ming'alu kapena maenje.
Tinamu
Banja la mitundu 42 limapezeka ku South ndi Central America. Osati kale kwambiri, mbalame sizinatengeredwe ndi dongosolo la nkhuku, komwe zimathera chifukwa chofanana ndi ziphuphu, ndipo amadziwika ngati achibale a nthiwatiwa. Ma tinamu onse amawuluka bwino, koma amathamanga bwino, ndipo amuna amamamatira kumadera awo, akumenya nkhondo ndi omwe aphwanya malire.
Izi sizikugwira ntchito kwa akazi: mwini wake amakhala wokwatirana ndi aliyense amene asochera m'gawo lake.
Gulu lonselo laikazi limayikira mazira m chisa chimodzi, litakonzedwa pansi, ndikupereka chisamaliro cha anawo kwa bambo yemwe ali ndi ana ambiri, amene amasamira mazira ndikutsogolera anapiye. Akangobadwa, amatha kutsatira yamphongo ngakhale kupeza chakudya. Mitundu ina ya tinamu wokwatirana ndikusamalira ana pamodzi.
Mbalame zamtchire ku New Zealand
Ku New Zealand ndi zilumba zoyandikira kwambiri, pali mitundu 156 ya mbalame, kuphatikiza zachilengedwe zokha, zochokera m'mabanja 35 ndi ma oda 16. Dongosolo lokhalo lokhalokha (lopanda mapiko) ndi mabanja owerengeka (New Zealand starlings and wrens).
kiwi
Mitundu itatu imayimira dongosolo lopanda mapiko: chifukwa cha kuchepa, mapiko a kiwi sadziwika pakati pa nthenga zowirira, ngati ubweya. Mbalameyi ndi yayikulu kuposa nkhuku (mpaka 4 kg), koma imawoneka mwapadera - thupi lopangidwa ndi peyala, maso ang'onoang'ono, miyendo yayifupi yolimba ndi mlomo wautali wokhala ndi mphuno kumapeto.
Ziwombankhanga (molluscs, tizilombo, mavuvu, ma crustaceans, amphibiya, zipatso / zipatso) zakufa zimapezedwa mothandizidwa ndi kununkhira, ndikuponyera mlomo wake wakuthwa m'nthaka. Zowononga zimazindikiranso kiwi ndi fungo, chifukwa nthenga zake zimanunkhiza ngati bowa.
Nkhunda yaku New Zealand
Mbalame yam'nkhalango iyi, yomwe imapezeka ku New Zealand, yatamandidwa kuti ndi njiwa wokongola kwambiri padziko lapansi. Wapatsidwa ntchito yofunikira kwambiri - kumwaza mbewu zamitengo zomwe zimapanga mawonekedwe apadera a New Zealand. Nkhunda yaku New Zealand imadya modzipereka zipatso, zipatso, mphukira, masamba ndi maluwa amitengo yosiyanasiyana, koma makamaka imatsamira pa medlar.
Zosangalatsa. Atatha kudya zipatso zopsa, mbalameyo imasiya kugwa ndipo imagwa panthambi, ndichifukwa chake imadziwika kuti "nkhunda yoledzera, kapena yoledzera."
Nkhunda zimakhala nthawi yayitali, koma zimaberekana pang'onopang'ono: yaikazi imayikira dzira limodzi, lomwe makolo onse amakwiririra. Pakuzizira, nkhunda za New Zealand zimanenepa, zimawonekeranso kukhala zolemetsa ndikukhala zosakidwa.
Guyi
Nyenyezi zaku New Zealand (3 genera yokhala ndi mitundu isanu), yotchedwa Amwenye achi Maori, omwe adawona kulira kosokoneza kwa mbalame "uya, uya, uya". Izi ndi mbalame zanyimbo mpaka 40 cm kutalika ndi mapiko ofooka komanso okhala ndi utoto wochenjera, makamaka wakuda kapena imvi, nthawi zina amatsukidwa ndi zofiira (monga tiko). M'munsi mwa mulomo, timatuluka timene timawala tofiira pakhungu, tating'onoting'ono mwa amuna. Hueyas, pamphepete mwa kutha, ali ndi amuna okhaokha komanso gawo. Mtundu umodzi, guia wambiri, wasowa kale pankhope ya Dziko Lapansi.
Mbalame zamtchire ku Africa
Zinyama za mbalame zaku Africa zimakhala ndi ma 22, kuphatikiza mabanja 90. Kuphatikiza pa mitundu yokhazikika ya zisa, mbalame zambiri zochokera ku Europe ndi Asia zimabwera kuno nthawi yachisanu.
Turach
Banja la pheasant ku Africa likuyimiridwa ndi mitundu 38, 35 mwa iyo ndendende turachi (francolins) yomwe imakhala m'nkhalango kapena zitsamba. Turach, monga nkhuku zambiri, imasiyanasiyana, ndi mikwingwirima ndi mawanga mosiyana ndi mbiri yakuthupi (imvi, bulauni, yakuda kapena mchenga). Mitundu ina imakongoletsedwa ndi nthenga zofiira / zofiira pafupi ndi maso kapena pakhosi.
Turach ndi kukula kwa partridge wamba ndipo imalemera kuchokera ku 400 mpaka 550 g. Imangokhala, ikukonda zigwa zamtsinje, pomwe pali masamba ambiri (mphukira, mbewu ndi zipatso), komanso zopanda mafinya. Zisa zimamangidwa pansi, zimayikira mazira 10, omwe amayi amawasungira kwa milungu itatu. Kholo lachiwiri limachita nawo kulera anapiye ataswa.
Mphungu yamphongo
Dzina lapakati ndi buffoon. Iyi ndi mbalame ya m'nkhalango yochokera kubanja la nkhwangwa, yomwe imatha kufika 0,75 m ikakula ikakhala yolemera makilogalamu 2-3 ndi mapiko otalika mpaka masentimita 160-180. Ndi nthenga zake zowala, buffoon imafanana ndi parrot: ili ndi kapezi (wosinthira ku lalanje) mlomo wolumikizidwa, wofiira bulauni kumbuyo / mchira ndi miyendo yofiira. Mapikowo ndi akuda, ndi mzere wopingasa wa nthenga zoyera. Mutu, chifuwa ndi khosi zimaponyedwa mu anthracite.
Menyu ya chiwombankhanga chimayang'aniridwa ndi zinyama, koma pali nyama zina (zokwawa ndi mbalame):
- mbewa;
- makoswe;
- akalulu;
- mbalame;
- nyanga zamakona;
- njoka za phokoso.
Poyang'ana nyama, jugglers amakhala nthawi yayitali mlengalenga, nthawi zambiri amasonkhana pagulu la anthu makumi asanu. Nthawi zambiri amakhala pachisa pa nthambi za mthethe kapena baobab, ndikukhazikitsa zisa zopitilira theka la mita.
Nthiwatiwa za ku Africa
Titha kuwerengedwa ngati mbalame zam'nkhalango, popeza nthiwatiwa za ku Africa sizimangokhala m'mapiri, m'zipululu, m'zipululu, kumapiri okhala ndi miyala, komanso m'zitsamba zowirira. Omalizawa nthawi zina amakhala ndi mitengo, ndikupanga mtundu wa nkhalango.
Zosangalatsa. Nthiwatiwa zimakhala m'nyumba zazimuna, ndipo amuna omwe amateteza anzawo amawangula ndi kubangula ngati mikango yeniyeni.
Ma Harems amalumikizana m'magulu akulu (mpaka mbalame 600) kusaka limodzi nyama zazing'ono ndi zopanda mafupa. Nthiwatiwa zakutchire zimadyetsa masamba awo azamasamba, osayiwala kuthetsa ludzu lawo m'malo osungira zachilengedwe oyandikira.
Mbalame zamtchire ku Eurasia
Oposa mitundu 1.7 zikwi za mbalame zochokera m'mabanja 88, ophatikizidwa m'malamulo 20, chisa mdziko muno. Gawo la mkango wa mbalame limagwera m'malo otentha a Eurasia - Southeast Asia.
Goshawk
Mtundu waukulu kwambiri wa mphamba, omwe akazi ake mwamwambo amakhala akulu kuposa amuna. Akazi amakula mpaka 0.6 m yolemera 0.9-1.6 kg ndi mapiko mpaka 1.15 m. Goshawk, monga akalulu ena, amapatsidwa "nsidze" zoyera - mikwingwirima yayitali ya nthenga zoyera pamwamba pamaso.
Ma goshawks amalumikizana wina ndi mnzake pogwiritsa ntchito mawu akumveka kwambiri.
Mbalame zam'nkhalangozi zimakhazikika m'nkhalango zowoneka bwino kapena zowala bwino, pomwe pali mitengo yakale yayitali komanso m'mbali mwake kosaka kosaka. Ma Goshawks amatsata masewera ofunda magazi (kuphatikiza mbalame), komanso zokwawa ndi zopanda mafupa. Osawopa kumenya wozunzidwa theka la kulemera kwake.
Jay
Mbalame zamtchire zamtchire zazikulu, zomwe zimakonda kupezeka m'malo okhala ndi mitengo. Jay ndi yotchuka chifukwa cha nthenga zake zowala, zomwe mithunzi yake imasiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana, komanso chifukwa cha kuthekera kwa onomatopoeic. Mbalameyi imangobereka osati mbalame zina zokha, komanso phokoso lililonse lomwe lamveka, kuyambira kulira kwa nkhwangwa mpaka mawu amunthu. Jay yemweyo amafuula mosasangalatsa komanso mokweza.
Jays amadya nyongolotsi, slugs, acorn, mtedza, zipatso, mbewu komanso ... mbalame zazing'ono. Amabzala tchire / mitengo yayitali, kuyika chisa chake pafupi ndi thunthu. Mwa zowalamulira nthawi zambiri pamakhala mazira 5-8, pomwe anapiye amaswa masiku 16-17.
Common oriole
Mbalame zosamukira m'nkhalango zokhala ndi nthenga zowoneka zachikaso ku Europe. Amapezeka osati m'nkhalango zosakanikirana kapena zosakanikirana, komanso m'minda ya birch / oak, komanso m'mapaki am'mizinda.
Pavuli paki, sumu ya ku Oriole yenga ndi mluzi. Mbalame ikasokonezedwa, imathama kwambiri, ndichifukwa chake amatchedwa mphaka wamnkhalango.
Amuna amayang'anira malo awo, kuyamba ndewu ndi otsutsana nawo. Zisa zimapangidwa ndi mphanda m'nthambi, poyamba zimawomba mtundu wa hammock kuchokera ku ulusi wa hemp, kenako makoma, ndikuwalimbitsa ndi makungwa a birch, udzu ndi moss. Mazira (4-5) amayikidwa mu Meyi.
